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Basic physical mechanisms for monsoon failure in past and future
... CLIMBER-3α, that project monsoon rainfall around the world to increase quasi–linearly with global warming in the coming centuries. While this is generally consistent with many other studies, the atmospheric component of CLIMBER-3α is based on a simplified statistical–dynamical approach, and may not ...
... CLIMBER-3α, that project monsoon rainfall around the world to increase quasi–linearly with global warming in the coming centuries. While this is generally consistent with many other studies, the atmospheric component of CLIMBER-3α is based on a simplified statistical–dynamical approach, and may not ...
Climate change and Pacific islands: Indicators and impacts: Report
... base that supports Pacific Island cultures) will make it increasingly difficult for Pacific Island cultures to sustain their connection with a defined place and their unique set of customs, beliefs, and languages. • Mounting threats to food and water security, infrastructure, and public health and s ...
... base that supports Pacific Island cultures) will make it increasingly difficult for Pacific Island cultures to sustain their connection with a defined place and their unique set of customs, beliefs, and languages. • Mounting threats to food and water security, infrastructure, and public health and s ...
The Emissions Gap Report 2016
... This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit services without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNEP would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as ...
... This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit services without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNEP would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as ...
Adaptation to climate change: the attitude and behaviour of rice
... Climate change is defined as “a statistically significant variation in either the mean state of the climate or in its variability, persisting for an extended period (typically decades or longer)” (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2001, p. 61). Using this definition, the variation can ...
... Climate change is defined as “a statistically significant variation in either the mean state of the climate or in its variability, persisting for an extended period (typically decades or longer)” (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2001, p. 61). Using this definition, the variation can ...
Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
... Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA ...
... Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA ...
Best practices and available tools for the use of indigenous
... debate, the need to recognize and address the uneven distribution of impacts and vulnerability between regions and among social groups becomes critical. As such, factors such as livelihood assets, sources of income, class, social status, race, ethnicity, indigenous identity, gender and poverty are d ...
... debate, the need to recognize and address the uneven distribution of impacts and vulnerability between regions and among social groups becomes critical. As such, factors such as livelihood assets, sources of income, class, social status, race, ethnicity, indigenous identity, gender and poverty are d ...
Global assessment of coral bleaching and required rates
... temperatures (Douglas, 2003; Hughes et al., 2003). Corals may be capable of adapting to thermal stress by shifting to symbioses with more temperature-tolerant species of Symbiodinium (Brown et al., 2002; Baker et al., 2004; Rowan, 2004), although the strength of the evidence is still a matter of deb ...
... temperatures (Douglas, 2003; Hughes et al., 2003). Corals may be capable of adapting to thermal stress by shifting to symbioses with more temperature-tolerant species of Symbiodinium (Brown et al., 2002; Baker et al., 2004; Rowan, 2004), although the strength of the evidence is still a matter of deb ...
Climate change - Citizens` Climate Lobby
... existed, and sea levels were at least 50 feet higher than they are today. While already dangerously high, we can expect CO2 levels to continue rising 2-‐3 ppm each year on our current course. T ...
... existed, and sea levels were at least 50 feet higher than they are today. While already dangerously high, we can expect CO2 levels to continue rising 2-‐3 ppm each year on our current course. T ...
- Wiley Online Library
... et al., 1999, 2015; Blancheton, 2000; Petochi et al., 2011). These equate to an upper limit of CO2 ranging from >5000 to >30 000 latm which are 12.5 to 75 times higher than current atmospheric levels, respectively. Furthermore, far from being an issue exclusively associated with RAS and finfish prod ...
... et al., 1999, 2015; Blancheton, 2000; Petochi et al., 2011). These equate to an upper limit of CO2 ranging from >5000 to >30 000 latm which are 12.5 to 75 times higher than current atmospheric levels, respectively. Furthermore, far from being an issue exclusively associated with RAS and finfish prod ...
Climate Change Induced Vulnerability to Malaria and
... The regional assessments were executed over the period 2002-2005 by multidisciplinary, multiinstitutional regional teams of investigators. The teams, selected through merit review of submitted proposals, were supported by the AIACC project with funding, technical assistance, mentoring and training. ...
... The regional assessments were executed over the period 2002-2005 by multidisciplinary, multiinstitutional regional teams of investigators. The teams, selected through merit review of submitted proposals, were supported by the AIACC project with funding, technical assistance, mentoring and training. ...
Turkey`s National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy and
... The fact that climate change will lead to consequences other than expected natural impacts on the planet’s transformation process necessitates urgent measures for lightening the negative impacts we will be facing. Being an issue beyond an environmental problem at the global level, climate change wil ...
... The fact that climate change will lead to consequences other than expected natural impacts on the planet’s transformation process necessitates urgent measures for lightening the negative impacts we will be facing. Being an issue beyond an environmental problem at the global level, climate change wil ...
The Potential Impacts of Climate Change on US Transportation
... National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, on its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized ...
... National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, on its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized ...
2011 CIRES ANNUAL REPORT
... CIRES scientists at the University of Colorado Boulder and NOAA. These are just a few highlights that make my life as CIRES Director so interesting and rewarding. We strive to explore all aspects of the Earth system to better understand all processes of our dynamic planet, which will help guide its ...
... CIRES scientists at the University of Colorado Boulder and NOAA. These are just a few highlights that make my life as CIRES Director so interesting and rewarding. We strive to explore all aspects of the Earth system to better understand all processes of our dynamic planet, which will help guide its ...
Global Climate Change - kelleymarine
... Research Program is RAPID (Rapid Climate Change Program) ...
... Research Program is RAPID (Rapid Climate Change Program) ...
Environment, Politics and Development Working Paper Series
... poor and work to reduce poverty. Section three addresses the complications of the CDM in the context of market-led development and carbon sequestration, most notably in its penchant to re-entrench the general processes of uneven development and re-invent top-down, managerialist approaches to develop ...
... poor and work to reduce poverty. Section three addresses the complications of the CDM in the context of market-led development and carbon sequestration, most notably in its penchant to re-entrench the general processes of uneven development and re-invent top-down, managerialist approaches to develop ...
Black Carbon A Review and Policy Recommendations Authors
... radiative forcing that may exceed that of methane (the second most important greenhouse gas) and may equal as much as one-third of the radiative forcing from all long-lived greenhouse gases (GHG). Because BC has a short atmospheric lifetime of less than a week, it is not well-mixed through the atmos ...
... radiative forcing that may exceed that of methane (the second most important greenhouse gas) and may equal as much as one-third of the radiative forcing from all long-lived greenhouse gases (GHG). Because BC has a short atmospheric lifetime of less than a week, it is not well-mixed through the atmos ...
Quantifying uncertainties of permafrost carbon
... carbon released under low emission scenarios provides a more significant climate feedback than the permafrost carbon released under high emission scenarios. Indeed a kilogram of CO 2 transferred to the atmosphere under a low emissions pathway has a higher radiative efficiency than the same kilogram ...
... carbon released under low emission scenarios provides a more significant climate feedback than the permafrost carbon released under high emission scenarios. Indeed a kilogram of CO 2 transferred to the atmosphere under a low emissions pathway has a higher radiative efficiency than the same kilogram ...
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Climate is one of the essential and
... Earth’s recent past; there is no evidence of a state above 280 ppm. The rate of increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide is about two orders of magnitude higher than that during the glacial terminations. The rates of increase of mean global temperature over the past several decades appear to be withou ...
... Earth’s recent past; there is no evidence of a state above 280 ppm. The rate of increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide is about two orders of magnitude higher than that during the glacial terminations. The rates of increase of mean global temperature over the past several decades appear to be withou ...
Mechanisms of Southern Ocean Heat Uptake and Transport in a
... of the net global uptake in CM2.6. In the control simulation, the sea surface temperature is on average warmer than the atmosphere over most of the Southern Ocean, and therefore the sensible heat flux cools the ocean. The prominent Southern Ocean heat uptake peak, between 508 and 608S, is dominated ...
... of the net global uptake in CM2.6. In the control simulation, the sea surface temperature is on average warmer than the atmosphere over most of the Southern Ocean, and therefore the sensible heat flux cools the ocean. The prominent Southern Ocean heat uptake peak, between 508 and 608S, is dominated ...
Enhanced precipitation variability effects on water losses
... precipitation variability from intra- to inter annual and longer? (3) How do the effects of magnitude of variability and its temporal scale on water losses change along regional gradients of mean annual precipitation (MAP)? (4) How do MAP, variability magnitude, and temporal scale affect water avail ...
... precipitation variability from intra- to inter annual and longer? (3) How do the effects of magnitude of variability and its temporal scale on water losses change along regional gradients of mean annual precipitation (MAP)? (4) How do MAP, variability magnitude, and temporal scale affect water avail ...
Climate change signals detected through mass balance
... In the Indian subcontinent (South Asia), the cryosphere (glaciers and snow covers) provides up to 80% of the low land dry season flows of the Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra river system through their vast irrigation network. Deglaciation is considered to be a world-wide problem; there is a particular ...
... In the Indian subcontinent (South Asia), the cryosphere (glaciers and snow covers) provides up to 80% of the low land dry season flows of the Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra river system through their vast irrigation network. Deglaciation is considered to be a world-wide problem; there is a particular ...
East Midlands Sustainable Development Round Table The Potential
... Annual winter and summer precipitation totals (mm) for Central and Eastern England Annual totals of potential evaporation (mm) as estimated for the Radcliffe Meteorological Station Upper Panel: Observed annual mean flows in the River Dove at Rochester Winter and summer mean flows in the Rivers Dove ...
... Annual winter and summer precipitation totals (mm) for Central and Eastern England Annual totals of potential evaporation (mm) as estimated for the Radcliffe Meteorological Station Upper Panel: Observed annual mean flows in the River Dove at Rochester Winter and summer mean flows in the Rivers Dove ...
River Basin Management in a changing climate
... bodies may be further modified by growing pressures from the direct and indirect effects of climate variability and change. ...
... bodies may be further modified by growing pressures from the direct and indirect effects of climate variability and change. ...
What Controls the Strength of Snow-Albedo Feedback?
... radiation at the TOA (where Q is taken to be a constant), ␣s is the surface albedo, and ␣p is the planetary albedo. Equation (1) indicates that the strength of SAF is determined by the product of two terms, a coefficient representing the variation in planetary albedo with surface albedo (␣p/␣s) an ...
... radiation at the TOA (where Q is taken to be a constant), ␣s is the surface albedo, and ␣p is the planetary albedo. Equation (1) indicates that the strength of SAF is determined by the product of two terms, a coefficient representing the variation in planetary albedo with surface albedo (␣p/␣s) an ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).