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4. Financial transfers and adaptation in the South
... (i.e. income in the South), but also about global emissions and resilience to climate risk. Another implication is that traditional development transfers to increase income are complemented by new financial flows to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (mitigation transfers) and become climate-resilient ...
... (i.e. income in the South), but also about global emissions and resilience to climate risk. Another implication is that traditional development transfers to increase income are complemented by new financial flows to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (mitigation transfers) and become climate-resilient ...
The Future of the Antarctic Ozone Hole
... The Antarctic ozone hole was first detected by the British Antarctic Survey’s Total Ozone Mapping spectrometer in the early 1980s. Since then the importance of the ozone hole and the implications for global climate have been realized. This literature review covers the history, current state of knowl ...
... The Antarctic ozone hole was first detected by the British Antarctic Survey’s Total Ozone Mapping spectrometer in the early 1980s. Since then the importance of the ozone hole and the implications for global climate have been realized. This literature review covers the history, current state of knowl ...
Full-Text PDF
... services is annual above ground primary production. Vegetation productivity has been estimated by using NDVI time series data [2–4]. Additionally, long term NDVI times series have been used to analyze trends [5–9] and responses of vegetation to environmental variables such as climate [6,10–13] and l ...
... services is annual above ground primary production. Vegetation productivity has been estimated by using NDVI time series data [2–4]. Additionally, long term NDVI times series have been used to analyze trends [5–9] and responses of vegetation to environmental variables such as climate [6,10–13] and l ...
field investigations of permafrost and climatic
... ÒwarmÓ permafrost may change less than that of ÒcolderÓ permafrost due to latent heat effects (Riseborough, 1990). Several temperature profiles measured at Norman Wells by Imperial Oil Ltd in the late 1940Õs and early 1950Õs indicated curvature to depths of 50 m and near-surface warming of 3¼C (Hems ...
... ÒwarmÓ permafrost may change less than that of ÒcolderÓ permafrost due to latent heat effects (Riseborough, 1990). Several temperature profiles measured at Norman Wells by Imperial Oil Ltd in the late 1940Õs and early 1950Õs indicated curvature to depths of 50 m and near-surface warming of 3¼C (Hems ...
Climate Variability and Sub
... regions, the Nordic seas and the Barents Sea, and share several features in common: seasonal ice cover, freshwater from ice-melt and runoff, dramatic seasonality, reduced sunlight and low biodiversity. Recently changes in species abundance or distribution have been observed within several Sub-Arctic ...
... regions, the Nordic seas and the Barents Sea, and share several features in common: seasonal ice cover, freshwater from ice-melt and runoff, dramatic seasonality, reduced sunlight and low biodiversity. Recently changes in species abundance or distribution have been observed within several Sub-Arctic ...
Assessing the Consequences of Climate Change for Alaska and the
... increasing attention to long-term forecasting and planning, and incorporating mechanisms for adjusting to harvest changes in management and political institutions ...
... increasing attention to long-term forecasting and planning, and incorporating mechanisms for adjusting to harvest changes in management and political institutions ...
Exhaustible resource consumption and lessons for
... Chapter 1: Literature Review A. Climate change driven by cumulative emissions and uncertainties Generated from economic activities and natural processes, emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases (GHG) flow into the atmosphere, build cumulative emissions, and eventually contribut ...
... Chapter 1: Literature Review A. Climate change driven by cumulative emissions and uncertainties Generated from economic activities and natural processes, emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases (GHG) flow into the atmosphere, build cumulative emissions, and eventually contribut ...
An investigation of the pattern scaling technique for describing future
... changes in seasonal temperature and precipitation made using pattern scaling techniques are accurate. The accuracy referred to concerns the technique’s representation of climate changes modelled in GCMs, rather than the likelihood of the represented changes becoming reality. The accuracy is measured ...
... changes in seasonal temperature and precipitation made using pattern scaling techniques are accurate. The accuracy referred to concerns the technique’s representation of climate changes modelled in GCMs, rather than the likelihood of the represented changes becoming reality. The accuracy is measured ...
Coffee and Climate Change - Natural Resources Institute
... partially offset some of the negative consequences of increased water stress related to changing temperature and rainfall. Researchers in Brazil and at CATIE are initiating research to elucidate the real potential for the amelioration from the CO2 fertilisation effect of climate changes impacts on t ...
... partially offset some of the negative consequences of increased water stress related to changing temperature and rainfall. Researchers in Brazil and at CATIE are initiating research to elucidate the real potential for the amelioration from the CO2 fertilisation effect of climate changes impacts on t ...
A Climate Risk Management Approach to Disaster
... taken on the other side of the globe. This territorial ...
... taken on the other side of the globe. This territorial ...
Baseline study for the Climate Change, Agriculture and Poverty
... the district targets ‘modernising’ projects that benefit a few villages each year. MJUMITA and MVIWATA strategic plans and the District Agricultural Development Plans in both districts have not integrated C3S agriculture. The survey also found that the National Climate Change Steering Committee does ...
... the district targets ‘modernising’ projects that benefit a few villages each year. MJUMITA and MVIWATA strategic plans and the District Agricultural Development Plans in both districts have not integrated C3S agriculture. The survey also found that the National Climate Change Steering Committee does ...
Climate Change and The Insurance Sector
... firms affiliated with KPMG International, a Swiss cooperative. KPMG International provides no client services. No member firm has any authority to obligate or bind KPMG International or any other member firm vis-à-vis third parties, nor does KPMG International have any such authority to obligate or ...
... firms affiliated with KPMG International, a Swiss cooperative. KPMG International provides no client services. No member firm has any authority to obligate or bind KPMG International or any other member firm vis-à-vis third parties, nor does KPMG International have any such authority to obligate or ...
as PDF
... fragmentation leads to genetic impoverishment and eventual extinction, as species can no longer adjust their ranges to climate change. Driven by habitat loss in tropical moist forests and by fragmented habitats and climate change, the current rate of extinction is 100 times faster than expected. If ...
... fragmentation leads to genetic impoverishment and eventual extinction, as species can no longer adjust their ranges to climate change. Driven by habitat loss in tropical moist forests and by fragmented habitats and climate change, the current rate of extinction is 100 times faster than expected. If ...
Selected Tools to Evaluate Water Monitoring Networks for Climate
... The impacts of a changing climate are evident in every region of Canada. Planned adaptation to climate change (the result of deliberate policy decisions based on an awareness of changing conditions) requires decision-makers to understand the degree to which a system is susceptible to and able to cop ...
... The impacts of a changing climate are evident in every region of Canada. Planned adaptation to climate change (the result of deliberate policy decisions based on an awareness of changing conditions) requires decision-makers to understand the degree to which a system is susceptible to and able to cop ...
Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in the Tourism Sector
... The tourism industry has a key role to play in confronting the challenges of climate change. The spectacular growth of tourism provides both a challenge and an opportunity. The tourist community itself has responded to this challenge over the past few years and visibly stepped up its response to cli ...
... The tourism industry has a key role to play in confronting the challenges of climate change. The spectacular growth of tourism provides both a challenge and an opportunity. The tourist community itself has responded to this challenge over the past few years and visibly stepped up its response to cli ...
Discussion on the Vistula Lagoon regional development
... climate changes. Assessment of tolerance of Vistula Lagoon municipalities’ development strategies to climate changes have shown that directions of Polish municipalities’ development is less tolerant to consequences of climate change because of a large area disposed to possible flooding, and therefor ...
... climate changes. Assessment of tolerance of Vistula Lagoon municipalities’ development strategies to climate changes have shown that directions of Polish municipalities’ development is less tolerant to consequences of climate change because of a large area disposed to possible flooding, and therefor ...
CHAPTER 8: Needs and Emerging Opportunities
... to the 2017 NCA developed by the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP). From a land use perspective, this assessment report will be the key technical document for the agroforestry sector. The report will address adaptation mechanisms from food security to carbon sequestration and will discuss ...
... to the 2017 NCA developed by the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP). From a land use perspective, this assessment report will be the key technical document for the agroforestry sector. The report will address adaptation mechanisms from food security to carbon sequestration and will discuss ...
Standard front page for projects, subject module projects
... paradoxically, they are the ones contributing most to the changes in the climate by showing inertia to reduce GHG emissions. In sum, 1990s was an important period in which the re-scaled practices to tackle with the climate change began to be supported up until today fostering re-configuration of the ...
... paradoxically, they are the ones contributing most to the changes in the climate by showing inertia to reduce GHG emissions. In sum, 1990s was an important period in which the re-scaled practices to tackle with the climate change began to be supported up until today fostering re-configuration of the ...
Impact Assessment Part 2 - European Commission
... areas in the last decade (2001-2010) was 1.2°C above the 1850-1899 average (1.0°C for the combined land and ocean area). Considering the land area, 8 out of the last 13 years of the period 1850-2010 were the warmest years since 1850 (EEA, 2011). Consistent with previous trends, the rate of warming h ...
... areas in the last decade (2001-2010) was 1.2°C above the 1850-1899 average (1.0°C for the combined land and ocean area). Considering the land area, 8 out of the last 13 years of the period 1850-2010 were the warmest years since 1850 (EEA, 2011). Consistent with previous trends, the rate of warming h ...
Coral Bleaching and Global Climate Change: Scientific Findings
... for some tropical oceans. In the same year, coral reefs around the world suffered the most extensive and severe bleaching (loss of symbiotic algae) and subsequent mortality on record. These events may not be attributable to local stressors or natural variability alone but were likely induced by a n ...
... for some tropical oceans. In the same year, coral reefs around the world suffered the most extensive and severe bleaching (loss of symbiotic algae) and subsequent mortality on record. These events may not be attributable to local stressors or natural variability alone but were likely induced by a n ...
Integrated Assessment Modelling and Analysis Study Tour Workshop, Canberra 12
... Food Security under Climate Change • Global climate change is real and is accelerating. • Agriculture, mainly food production, is vulnerable. • Even without GCC, food demand is predicted to increase by 300%. • Population and economic growth • Increasing demand from bio-fuel ...
... Food Security under Climate Change • Global climate change is real and is accelerating. • Agriculture, mainly food production, is vulnerable. • Even without GCC, food demand is predicted to increase by 300%. • Population and economic growth • Increasing demand from bio-fuel ...
Bill McKibben on NY Attorney General`s Exxon Investigation
... commitments, or just apply to a particular fossil fuel, such as coal or tar sands. At many institutions on the list, activists are still pushing for more action. The top line number refers to the number of assets under management by the institutions that have made a commitment, not the amount of mon ...
... commitments, or just apply to a particular fossil fuel, such as coal or tar sands. At many institutions on the list, activists are still pushing for more action. The top line number refers to the number of assets under management by the institutions that have made a commitment, not the amount of mon ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).