an advanced envelope-based selection approach
... referred to as the past-performance approach. Another approach is the so-called envelope approach, where an ensemble of models covering a wide range of projections for one or more climatological variables of interest is selected from the pool of available models. This approach aims at covering all p ...
... referred to as the past-performance approach. Another approach is the so-called envelope approach, where an ensemble of models covering a wide range of projections for one or more climatological variables of interest is selected from the pool of available models. This approach aims at covering all p ...
Vulnerability of island countries in the South Pacific
... 2. APPLIED METHODS The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Common Methodology (IPCC CZMS 1991) was developed as a framework for the vulnerability assessment of individual countries, in which a set of specific data for natural and socio-economic conditions is required and the impacts are ...
... 2. APPLIED METHODS The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Common Methodology (IPCC CZMS 1991) was developed as a framework for the vulnerability assessment of individual countries, in which a set of specific data for natural and socio-economic conditions is required and the impacts are ...
Task 4.2 Calculation of metrics - Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre
... The results for LMDz-INCA are given in blue (first line) and for Oslo CTM2 in green (second line). Please note that the simulations 3 and 4 for Oslo (shaded area) have been performed for different conditions (4 TgN perturbation instead of 1 TgN) in order to provide some insight into the non-linear b ...
... The results for LMDz-INCA are given in blue (first line) and for Oslo CTM2 in green (second line). Please note that the simulations 3 and 4 for Oslo (shaded area) have been performed for different conditions (4 TgN perturbation instead of 1 TgN) in order to provide some insight into the non-linear b ...
Petition - Center for Biological Diversity
... The already severe impacts of global warming on the United States and the rest of the world from current atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels highlight the urgency of staying below the 1.5°C target so as to avoid truly catastrophic impacts to people and planet. 13 As CO2 levels continue to rise ...
... The already severe impacts of global warming on the United States and the rest of the world from current atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels highlight the urgency of staying below the 1.5°C target so as to avoid truly catastrophic impacts to people and planet. 13 As CO2 levels continue to rise ...
Abstracts of research articles focusing on the climate change and
... place in the non-arid regions of Israel (annual rainfall >200 mm) during the years 1952– 2006, incorporating all available data. The results of the present study over the research area as a whole indicate that no significant temporal change of the annual rainfall occurred in any region of the study ...
... place in the non-arid regions of Israel (annual rainfall >200 mm) during the years 1952– 2006, incorporating all available data. The results of the present study over the research area as a whole indicate that no significant temporal change of the annual rainfall occurred in any region of the study ...
The impacts of climate change on the abundance and
... considerations for reproductive diapause and influence of fruit quality or viability. The principle environmental driver for the model is temperature and key biological mechanisms such as mortality, fecundity and development rates (for each life stage) have been parameterized wherever possible using ...
... considerations for reproductive diapause and influence of fruit quality or viability. The principle environmental driver for the model is temperature and key biological mechanisms such as mortality, fecundity and development rates (for each life stage) have been parameterized wherever possible using ...
The role of the virus-phytoplankton system in marine
... cycling (Poorvin et al., 2004) in the world‟s oceans. Earth‟s climate has warmed by approximately 0.6°C during the last 100 years. The rate of warming has doubled in the second half of the century (Houghton, 2001). This rapid change has been attributed to the impact of anthropogenic activities on th ...
... cycling (Poorvin et al., 2004) in the world‟s oceans. Earth‟s climate has warmed by approximately 0.6°C during the last 100 years. The rate of warming has doubled in the second half of the century (Houghton, 2001). This rapid change has been attributed to the impact of anthropogenic activities on th ...
China`s Policies and Actions for Addressing Climate Change (White
... — A complex climate and a fragile eco-environment determine that China's task of adapting itself to climate change is arduous. China is characterized by a continental monsoon climate, and most parts of China have a wider range of seasonal temperature change compared with other continental areas at ...
... — A complex climate and a fragile eco-environment determine that China's task of adapting itself to climate change is arduous. China is characterized by a continental monsoon climate, and most parts of China have a wider range of seasonal temperature change compared with other continental areas at ...
No. 2005:5 A BASIC FINNISH CLIMATE DATA SET 1961
... between 18 UTC on the previous day and at 18 UTC on the date of the observation. The daily minimum temperature is also that recorded between 18 UTC on the previous day and 18 UTC on the date of the observation. Temperatures are measured at a height of 2 metres above ground level in a screen protecte ...
... between 18 UTC on the previous day and at 18 UTC on the date of the observation. The daily minimum temperature is also that recorded between 18 UTC on the previous day and 18 UTC on the date of the observation. Temperatures are measured at a height of 2 metres above ground level in a screen protecte ...
Tambora 1815 as a test case for high impact volcanic eruptions
... analysis includes comparisons with well-observed eruptions including Pinatubo (1991), as well as computer model results. The third section focuses on early instrumental data and derived summer temperature, precipitation, and sea-level pressure reconstructions for the North Atlantic and Europe for wh ...
... analysis includes comparisons with well-observed eruptions including Pinatubo (1991), as well as computer model results. The third section focuses on early instrumental data and derived summer temperature, precipitation, and sea-level pressure reconstructions for the North Atlantic and Europe for wh ...
6 Climate change impacts, adaptation measures and vulnerability
... A significant share of the adaptation measures are implemented at the regional and local level. Various measures promoting the provision for climate change, such as flood protection, have already been taken on at the regional or municipal level for quite a long time, though they have not been seen a ...
... A significant share of the adaptation measures are implemented at the regional and local level. Various measures promoting the provision for climate change, such as flood protection, have already been taken on at the regional or municipal level for quite a long time, though they have not been seen a ...
CCSM_Feb2006 - UCLA: Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
... We were able to isolate the surface component as the main source of an approximately three-fold divergence in simulations of snow albedo feedback. Focusing on the surface component, we compared snow albedo feedback's strength in the real seasonal cycle to simulated values. They mostly fall well outs ...
... We were able to isolate the surface component as the main source of an approximately three-fold divergence in simulations of snow albedo feedback. Focusing on the surface component, we compared snow albedo feedback's strength in the real seasonal cycle to simulated values. They mostly fall well outs ...
climate change and the mediterranean region
... CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION by Jacqueline Karas ...
... CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION by Jacqueline Karas ...
Climate Predictions and Projections Program
... attribution of recent and past climate anomalies taking into account natural and anthropogenic effects ...
... attribution of recent and past climate anomalies taking into account natural and anthropogenic effects ...
Farming in a Changing Climate
... Extreme weather events have taken a substantial toll on human livelihoods and lives around the globe, and have often detrimentally affected food production and security. In 2005, persistent droughts in several African countries severely limited food supplies, flooding in Bangladesh routinely disrupt ...
... Extreme weather events have taken a substantial toll on human livelihoods and lives around the globe, and have often detrimentally affected food production and security. In 2005, persistent droughts in several African countries severely limited food supplies, flooding in Bangladesh routinely disrupt ...
Thermal Physiology, Disease, and Amphibian Declines on the
... 2008). About half of the observed declines, which include dramatic decreases in population abundance or the disappearance of 207 species, are enigmatic: they occur in remote habitats with little apparent human influence (Stuart et al. 2004). Neotropical montane amphibians are among the worst affecte ...
... 2008). About half of the observed declines, which include dramatic decreases in population abundance or the disappearance of 207 species, are enigmatic: they occur in remote habitats with little apparent human influence (Stuart et al. 2004). Neotropical montane amphibians are among the worst affecte ...
PDF
... esculeatum) is more beneficial among these seven treatments and average benefit-cost ratio of this treatment was 3.54. Thereafter, the seven treatments also have been experimenting in Tukri (a bamboo basket). Likewise, Tomato (Lycoperscion esculeatum) is more beneficial in the second experiment and ...
... esculeatum) is more beneficial among these seven treatments and average benefit-cost ratio of this treatment was 3.54. Thereafter, the seven treatments also have been experimenting in Tukri (a bamboo basket). Likewise, Tomato (Lycoperscion esculeatum) is more beneficial in the second experiment and ...
Double exposure: assessing the impacts of climate change within
... others (Houghton et al., 1996). Although there are di$culties associated with modeling regional and local precipitation, there is little doubt that the impacts will vary across space and time. Fig. 1 shows projected temperature and precipitation changes based on the Hadley Center model. According to ...
... others (Houghton et al., 1996). Although there are di$culties associated with modeling regional and local precipitation, there is little doubt that the impacts will vary across space and time. Fig. 1 shows projected temperature and precipitation changes based on the Hadley Center model. According to ...
Linking Population, Fertility and Family Planning with
... and frequent natural drought cycles increase climate change vulnerability in this country. Climate change will have a notable impact on Ethiopia’s temperature and precipitation: average annual temperatures nationwide are expected to rise 3.1° C by 2060, and 5.1° C by 2090. In addition, precipitation ...
... and frequent natural drought cycles increase climate change vulnerability in this country. Climate change will have a notable impact on Ethiopia’s temperature and precipitation: average annual temperatures nationwide are expected to rise 3.1° C by 2060, and 5.1° C by 2090. In addition, precipitation ...
The Economics of Global Climate Change
... ecosystem. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) projects continued temperature increases, ice sheet melting, and sea-level rise, and states that “most aspects of climate change will persist for many centuries even if emissions of CO2 are stopped. This represents a substantial multi-c ...
... ecosystem. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) projects continued temperature increases, ice sheet melting, and sea-level rise, and states that “most aspects of climate change will persist for many centuries even if emissions of CO2 are stopped. This represents a substantial multi-c ...
Journal Paper Format
... The issues of global warming and climate change have become a subject of intense interest all over the world since the last decade. Warming of the climate system is now evidenced from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and risi ...
... The issues of global warming and climate change have become a subject of intense interest all over the world since the last decade. Warming of the climate system is now evidenced from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and risi ...
here
... • “Market failure” involves creators of social costs, like pollution, or the free rider problem of the tragedy of the Commons, not paying for the costs they impose on society. • But “Carbon Pollution” creates as we have seen higher yields across global agriculture and livestock for which the benefic ...
... • “Market failure” involves creators of social costs, like pollution, or the free rider problem of the tragedy of the Commons, not paying for the costs they impose on society. • But “Carbon Pollution” creates as we have seen higher yields across global agriculture and livestock for which the benefic ...
Climate change
... Climate change is a serious issue and will have severe and at the same time heterogeneous effects on the countries in the world. While some countries (as e.g. Russia, the Nordic countries) might benefit, provided that temperature increases are not too high, many countries, amongst them the poorest c ...
... Climate change is a serious issue and will have severe and at the same time heterogeneous effects on the countries in the world. While some countries (as e.g. Russia, the Nordic countries) might benefit, provided that temperature increases are not too high, many countries, amongst them the poorest c ...
Applying the VFM framework to business case design and appraisal
... early VfM options. A report on Early VfM Adaptation was produced together with a VfM toolkit on how the framework could be applied (see Watkiss et al, 2014). The report and toolkit are built around the use of iterative climate risk management frameworks, as recommended in the recent IPCC 5th Assessm ...
... early VfM options. A report on Early VfM Adaptation was produced together with a VfM toolkit on how the framework could be applied (see Watkiss et al, 2014). The report and toolkit are built around the use of iterative climate risk management frameworks, as recommended in the recent IPCC 5th Assessm ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).