Cooperation in International Environmental Treaties 1
... The deleterious effects of climate change have been known since 1896, when Swedish chemist Svante Arrehenius first described the greenhouse gas effect that traps the Sun’s rays in carbon dioxide and other gases, leading to an increase in global temperature. However, the contributions that human soc ...
... The deleterious effects of climate change have been known since 1896, when Swedish chemist Svante Arrehenius first described the greenhouse gas effect that traps the Sun’s rays in carbon dioxide and other gases, leading to an increase in global temperature. However, the contributions that human soc ...
Dynamics of the coupled human-climate system resulting from
... an increased response to any disturbance or variability at other frequencies. This trade-off is evident here in the amplification of natural variability. In addition to the desired ability to maintain some target despite uncertainty in either the forcing or the response, (i) any intentional feedback ...
... an increased response to any disturbance or variability at other frequencies. This trade-off is evident here in the amplification of natural variability. In addition to the desired ability to maintain some target despite uncertainty in either the forcing or the response, (i) any intentional feedback ...
Motivated Rejection of Science
... NASA faked the moon landing—Therefore (Climate) Science is a Hoax: An Anatomy of the Motivated Rejection of Science ...
... NASA faked the moon landing—Therefore (Climate) Science is a Hoax: An Anatomy of the Motivated Rejection of Science ...
Directive IPPC : quelques remarques
... 4. The effects of particulate matter on air quality In addition to their direct health effects on populations, aerosols modify air quality by acting on other air pollutants. There are various ways by which particulate matter interacts with photochemical atmospheric activity, among which . ...
... 4. The effects of particulate matter on air quality In addition to their direct health effects on populations, aerosols modify air quality by acting on other air pollutants. There are various ways by which particulate matter interacts with photochemical atmospheric activity, among which . ...
The Methane Gas – The Ticking Time Bomb of the Arctic
... release rate. Coastal erosion measured in eastern Siberia reached 8m a year. Permafrost thickness is affected by the snow layer as well (that is cold isolating during winter), vegetation, water, heat inside the earth, and, especially, the ground temperature. Active layer of permafrost, the upper, th ...
... release rate. Coastal erosion measured in eastern Siberia reached 8m a year. Permafrost thickness is affected by the snow layer as well (that is cold isolating during winter), vegetation, water, heat inside the earth, and, especially, the ground temperature. Active layer of permafrost, the upper, th ...
Coutts et al 2007
... simulations, we have coded a urban module based on an idealised 2D canyon following Town Energy Budget (TEB) approach • Note that the new urban model is designed around research requirements, not operational requirements. Specifically, many parts of the model are designed for future extensions. • Be ...
... simulations, we have coded a urban module based on an idealised 2D canyon following Town Energy Budget (TEB) approach • Note that the new urban model is designed around research requirements, not operational requirements. Specifically, many parts of the model are designed for future extensions. • Be ...
On the tropical origin of uncertainties in the global land precipitation
... as well as the corresponding changes between 2071–2100 and 1971–2000. Generally speaking, all models show a reasonable climatology at the end of the twentieth century compared to the GPCP and CRU2 (land only) observations. The main discrepancies shared by most models is an overestimation of land pre ...
... as well as the corresponding changes between 2071–2100 and 1971–2000. Generally speaking, all models show a reasonable climatology at the end of the twentieth century compared to the GPCP and CRU2 (land only) observations. The main discrepancies shared by most models is an overestimation of land pre ...
A Two-Step Flow of Influence? Opinion-Leader
... scale for identifying opinion leaders who are broadly attentive to public affairs. Yet despite the careful research relative to identification our review of the literature and correspondence with Weimann reveals few if any applied campaign uses of the PS scale. However, lessons from other opinionlea ...
... scale for identifying opinion leaders who are broadly attentive to public affairs. Yet despite the careful research relative to identification our review of the literature and correspondence with Weimann reveals few if any applied campaign uses of the PS scale. However, lessons from other opinionlea ...
CARE brief on the post-2015 framework for disaster risk reduction
... DRR in development assistance programmes, including poverty reduction, natural resource management, urban development and adaptation to climate change is crucial. CARE welcomes the reference to the concurrent post-2015 processes including the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the negotiations ...
... DRR in development assistance programmes, including poverty reduction, natural resource management, urban development and adaptation to climate change is crucial. CARE welcomes the reference to the concurrent post-2015 processes including the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the negotiations ...
Developing adaptive forest management strategies to cope with
... scenario, beech and some other species were also present. The results with the second forest type and the effects of the alternative management scenarios are shown in Figure 3 as mean values per forest type. In this graph, the results of the three different initial ages were averaged to enable a cle ...
... scenario, beech and some other species were also present. The results with the second forest type and the effects of the alternative management scenarios are shown in Figure 3 as mean values per forest type. In this graph, the results of the three different initial ages were averaged to enable a cle ...
Global Warming: Forecasts by Scientists versus Scientific Forecasts
... In each case, the forecasts were made with a high degree of confidence. In the mid-1970s, there was a political debate raging about whether the global climate was changing. The United States’ National Defense University (NDU) addressed this issue in their book, Climate Change to the Year 2000 (NDU 1 ...
... In each case, the forecasts were made with a high degree of confidence. In the mid-1970s, there was a political debate raging about whether the global climate was changing. The United States’ National Defense University (NDU) addressed this issue in their book, Climate Change to the Year 2000 (NDU 1 ...
Regional climate change and its impact on photooxidant
... [2] The change of global climate due to anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases is expected to result in higher summer temperatures and less precipitation in Germany. Though the results of global climate simulations show some differences depending on the assumed greenhouse gas emission scenarios ...
... [2] The change of global climate due to anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases is expected to result in higher summer temperatures and less precipitation in Germany. Though the results of global climate simulations show some differences depending on the assumed greenhouse gas emission scenarios ...
A Narrative Analysis of Climate Change Coverage in the New York
... a cause-and-effect linkage problematic (Mazur & Lee, 1993). The instrumental record for global surface temperatures extends back to little more than a hundred years, insufficient for useful estimates, augmented by longer paleoclimatic records from tree rings, corals, or deep-ocean cores, but such da ...
... a cause-and-effect linkage problematic (Mazur & Lee, 1993). The instrumental record for global surface temperatures extends back to little more than a hundred years, insufficient for useful estimates, augmented by longer paleoclimatic records from tree rings, corals, or deep-ocean cores, but such da ...
CH26-9780444635242_G
... are usually referred to as volcanic ash. Volcanic ash particles are relatively large, exceeding two microns in diameter, and therefore deposit relatively quickly, i.e. within a few weeks. They are responsible for short-term regional-to-continental perturbations of the Earth’s radiative balance and m ...
... are usually referred to as volcanic ash. Volcanic ash particles are relatively large, exceeding two microns in diameter, and therefore deposit relatively quickly, i.e. within a few weeks. They are responsible for short-term regional-to-continental perturbations of the Earth’s radiative balance and m ...
Please amend title - International Association for Impact
... Global warning: Sydney dust storm just the beginning ...
... Global warning: Sydney dust storm just the beginning ...
Climate Choices for a Sustainable Southwest
... 18.4 Limiting Emissions in the Southwest To keep human-caused climate change below dangerous levels, the National Research Council (2010d) suggested that the United States and other industrial countries should reduce GHG emissions by 50% to 80% by 2050 compared to 1990 levels. This would give a rea ...
... 18.4 Limiting Emissions in the Southwest To keep human-caused climate change below dangerous levels, the National Research Council (2010d) suggested that the United States and other industrial countries should reduce GHG emissions by 50% to 80% by 2050 compared to 1990 levels. This would give a rea ...
nota di lavoro - Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei
... Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research; Telegraphenberg A31, 14473 Potsdam, Germany Email: [email protected] ...
... Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research; Telegraphenberg A31, 14473 Potsdam, Germany Email: [email protected] ...
PDF
... Contemporary, state-of-the art general circulation models (GCM) including the Australian CSIRO 3.5, Canadian CGCM 3.1 and Japanese MIROC 3.2 models all predict that average temperature will keep rising and precipitation will have a mild change for most states in the continental United States for the ...
... Contemporary, state-of-the art general circulation models (GCM) including the Australian CSIRO 3.5, Canadian CGCM 3.1 and Japanese MIROC 3.2 models all predict that average temperature will keep rising and precipitation will have a mild change for most states in the continental United States for the ...
Climate Change: An Overview and its Impact on the Living Lakes
... temperate lakes as reduced seasonal cooling, which causes breakdown in the thermal density contrast, may be reduced. − Higher frequency of extreme temperatures in summer (with possible exceedence of critical thresholds) and reduced winter freezing in certain lakes are likely to affect thermal strati ...
... temperate lakes as reduced seasonal cooling, which causes breakdown in the thermal density contrast, may be reduced. − Higher frequency of extreme temperatures in summer (with possible exceedence of critical thresholds) and reduced winter freezing in certain lakes are likely to affect thermal strati ...
PDF
... already be experiencing the impact of climate change with its winter rainfall having decreased by 10 to 20 per cent over the last 30 years and having experienced an overall warming of its daily temperatures. Further declines in rainfall are expected to greatly reduce plant production, affecting crop ...
... already be experiencing the impact of climate change with its winter rainfall having decreased by 10 to 20 per cent over the last 30 years and having experienced an overall warming of its daily temperatures. Further declines in rainfall are expected to greatly reduce plant production, affecting crop ...
Effects of climate change on US crop production: simulation results
... by increased year-to-year variability. We also discussed the response to additional factors affecting the simulated US crop production under climate change, such as higher temperature and elevated CO2. KEY WORDS: Climate change · Agriculture · Elevated CO2 · US National Assessment · Adaptation Resal ...
... by increased year-to-year variability. We also discussed the response to additional factors affecting the simulated US crop production under climate change, such as higher temperature and elevated CO2. KEY WORDS: Climate change · Agriculture · Elevated CO2 · US National Assessment · Adaptation Resal ...
Vulnerability of island countries in the South Pacific
... 2. APPLIED METHODS The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Common Methodology (IPCC CZMS 1991) was developed as a framework for the vulnerability assessment of individual countries, in which a set of specific data for natural and socio-economic conditions is required and the impacts are ...
... 2. APPLIED METHODS The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Common Methodology (IPCC CZMS 1991) was developed as a framework for the vulnerability assessment of individual countries, in which a set of specific data for natural and socio-economic conditions is required and the impacts are ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).