Ecological and methodological drivers of species` distribution and
... We analysed the database of peer-reviewed studies of observed impacts of climate change on marine organisms compiled by Poloczanska et al. (2013). We used a subset of 61 studies where rates of range change in phenology or distribution were reported or could be calculated and updated the database wit ...
... We analysed the database of peer-reviewed studies of observed impacts of climate change on marine organisms compiled by Poloczanska et al. (2013). We used a subset of 61 studies where rates of range change in phenology or distribution were reported or could be calculated and updated the database wit ...
Understanding and predicting the combined effects of climate
... and inputs were changed within the BBN (Marcot 2006). For each scenario output, sites were divided into five groups based on their magnitude of change in macroinvertebrate taxa richness or fish species richness (see Fig. 3). Mean change in variables was calculated for each macroinvertebrate and fish ...
... and inputs were changed within the BBN (Marcot 2006). For each scenario output, sites were divided into five groups based on their magnitude of change in macroinvertebrate taxa richness or fish species richness (see Fig. 3). Mean change in variables was calculated for each macroinvertebrate and fish ...
Micro-level Practices to Adapt to Climate Change for African Small
... attempting to assess or recommend adaptation options. Such an assessment needs to be based on microlevel case studies within a broader range of data, perhaps using this typology as one way of looking at the data. Although this paper focuses on micro-level practices, it includes a number of adjustmen ...
... attempting to assess or recommend adaptation options. Such an assessment needs to be based on microlevel case studies within a broader range of data, perhaps using this typology as one way of looking at the data. Although this paper focuses on micro-level practices, it includes a number of adjustmen ...
A Review of The Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change
... of reality. As just one example among many, a very important part of the global warming story concerns the huge stock–flow lags and enormous built-in inertias from having such a long pipeline between greenhouse gas emissions and ultimate temperature changes. This built-in inertia causes ΔT to contin ...
... of reality. As just one example among many, a very important part of the global warming story concerns the huge stock–flow lags and enormous built-in inertias from having such a long pipeline between greenhouse gas emissions and ultimate temperature changes. This built-in inertia causes ΔT to contin ...
A strategic approach to adaptation in Europe (628 kB) (opens in new window)
... The first step in a strategic approach to adaptation is to develop an understanding of the main areas of vulnerability to climate change. A broad sense of the main vulnerabilities will help policy makers to set the right sector and geographic priorities. Developing this sense of key vulnerabilities ...
... The first step in a strategic approach to adaptation is to develop an understanding of the main areas of vulnerability to climate change. A broad sense of the main vulnerabilities will help policy makers to set the right sector and geographic priorities. Developing this sense of key vulnerabilities ...
effects of land cover, water redistribution, and temperature on
... RAMS simulations for the Colorado Front Range under scenarios of pre-European settlement shortgrass steppe vs. current land use also showed substantial differences in precipitation, temperature, and cloud cover from land use change alone (Chase et al. 1998, Stohlgren et al. 1998). Understanding the ...
... RAMS simulations for the Colorado Front Range under scenarios of pre-European settlement shortgrass steppe vs. current land use also showed substantial differences in precipitation, temperature, and cloud cover from land use change alone (Chase et al. 1998, Stohlgren et al. 1998). Understanding the ...
Climatic Change --Manuscript Draft--
... the A1B scenario (Meehl and Stocker, 2007), which projects moderate growth of greenhouse gas emissions, representing a relatively conservative estimate of future warming due to increased greenhouse gases with balanced reliance on fossil and non-fossil fuels (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ...
... the A1B scenario (Meehl and Stocker, 2007), which projects moderate growth of greenhouse gas emissions, representing a relatively conservative estimate of future warming due to increased greenhouse gases with balanced reliance on fossil and non-fossil fuels (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ...
Aghion_et_al_policy_paper_Nov2014 (opens in new window)
... their historical antecedents matter for eventual outcomes. The authors have each contributed to this paper by typing on QWERTY keyboards, deliberately designed to slow down typing speeds in order to prevent early typewriters from jamming (David, 1985). Roman roads, built in England two thousand year ...
... their historical antecedents matter for eventual outcomes. The authors have each contributed to this paper by typing on QWERTY keyboards, deliberately designed to slow down typing speeds in order to prevent early typewriters from jamming (David, 1985). Roman roads, built in England two thousand year ...
Implications of global climate change for natural resource damage
... of NRDAR processes and offer eight recommendations to improve these processes in light of GCC. First, we call for a better understanding of the net effects of GCC and contaminants on natural resources. Second, we urge facilities and environmental managers to plan for GCC-related factors that are exp ...
... of NRDAR processes and offer eight recommendations to improve these processes in light of GCC. First, we call for a better understanding of the net effects of GCC and contaminants on natural resources. Second, we urge facilities and environmental managers to plan for GCC-related factors that are exp ...
... the revised National Climate Change Strategy (2007). Ireland is a Party to the UNFCCC and its Kyoto Protocol. Ireland is also a member of the IPCC. The Minister for Environment attends COP meetings. Ireland supports the EU position in relation to the development of the UNFCCC and adheres to its 2oC ...
Changes in Water Use Under Regional Climate Change Scenarios
... preferable for evaluating the effects of weather and climate effects than models based on coarser time measurements. Aggregate measures of demand, such as water production, are typically more readily available, have more frequent measurements, and are easier to match with weather records than water ...
... preferable for evaluating the effects of weather and climate effects than models based on coarser time measurements. Aggregate measures of demand, such as water production, are typically more readily available, have more frequent measurements, and are easier to match with weather records than water ...
Glacier variations and climate change in the central Himalaya over
... have been increasing (Thompson and others, 2000; Yao and others, 2002). The degree to which stable-isotopic ratios reflect temperature and over what timescales this relationship may be valid remain open for debate (Zhang and others, 2003). Although glacier mass balances and variations in the terminu ...
... have been increasing (Thompson and others, 2000; Yao and others, 2002). The degree to which stable-isotopic ratios reflect temperature and over what timescales this relationship may be valid remain open for debate (Zhang and others, 2003). Although glacier mass balances and variations in the terminu ...
Evaluation of FAO's contribution to climate change adaptation and mitigation - Management Response
... especially strengthen its partnerships and collaboration with other UN organizations, such as the United Nations Collaborative Programme on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries (UN-REDD). ...
... especially strengthen its partnerships and collaboration with other UN organizations, such as the United Nations Collaborative Programme on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries (UN-REDD). ...
Pedro DiNezio: Climate Response of the Equatorial Pacific to Global
... 2005) have been linked with equatorial SSTs. Projecting the climate response of the equatorial Pacific into the twenty-first century is thus central for current efforts to understand future regional climate changes. Prior studies have suggested roles for both the atmosphere and ocean in determining ...
... 2005) have been linked with equatorial SSTs. Projecting the climate response of the equatorial Pacific into the twenty-first century is thus central for current efforts to understand future regional climate changes. Prior studies have suggested roles for both the atmosphere and ocean in determining ...
How are extreme temperatures changing in Sweden
... the probability distributions of different weather variables are of high importance together with the changing mean temperature. These weather and climate variables can be different feedback systems such as soil moisture or snow cover which act on a local or regional scale and change the mean temper ...
... the probability distributions of different weather variables are of high importance together with the changing mean temperature. These weather and climate variables can be different feedback systems such as soil moisture or snow cover which act on a local or regional scale and change the mean temper ...
Consulta: creatorFacets:"Wu, Ximing" Registros recuperados: 11
... broad region the probability of an outbreak declines by 0.22% when the temperature rises 1 Celsius degree and increases by 0.34% when precipitation increases by 1millimeter. These results indicate that the realized climate change of the last 20 years not only has been a factor behind recent HPAI out ...
... broad region the probability of an outbreak declines by 0.22% when the temperature rises 1 Celsius degree and increases by 0.34% when precipitation increases by 1millimeter. These results indicate that the realized climate change of the last 20 years not only has been a factor behind recent HPAI out ...
Differential effects of temperature change and human impact on
... Species that inhabited Europe during the Late Quaternary were impacted by temperature changes and early humans, resulting in the disappearance of half of the European large mammals. However, quantifying the relative importance that each factor had in the extinction risk of species has been challengi ...
... Species that inhabited Europe during the Late Quaternary were impacted by temperature changes and early humans, resulting in the disappearance of half of the European large mammals. However, quantifying the relative importance that each factor had in the extinction risk of species has been challengi ...
Sustainable Development and Climate Change Strategy 2012-2017
... This strategy has been prepared so that Falkirk Council can remain at the centre of tackling the issues of sustainable development and securing a prosperous and healthy future for generations to come. However, sustainable development cannot be achieved by any organisation working in isolation. We wa ...
... This strategy has been prepared so that Falkirk Council can remain at the centre of tackling the issues of sustainable development and securing a prosperous and healthy future for generations to come. However, sustainable development cannot be achieved by any organisation working in isolation. We wa ...
Greening of the Earth and its drivers
... when using models that ignore nitrogen processes (75.0 ± 42.6%, 0.051 ± 0.029 m2 m−2 yr−1 ). This suggests that, although incorporating nitrogen in ecosystem models does not significantly (t-test, p < 0.05) change the contribution of the CO2 fertilization effects to the global trend of LAI, it reduc ...
... when using models that ignore nitrogen processes (75.0 ± 42.6%, 0.051 ± 0.029 m2 m−2 yr−1 ). This suggests that, although incorporating nitrogen in ecosystem models does not significantly (t-test, p < 0.05) change the contribution of the CO2 fertilization effects to the global trend of LAI, it reduc ...
Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
... when working underground. And this is, as best I can tell, the reason miners used to carry a caged canary into the mine with them. Birds are more sensitive to carbon dioxide than humans and the canary would stop singing fall and off its perch if CO 2 levels were too high. Carbon dioxide is involved ...
... when working underground. And this is, as best I can tell, the reason miners used to carry a caged canary into the mine with them. Birds are more sensitive to carbon dioxide than humans and the canary would stop singing fall and off its perch if CO 2 levels were too high. Carbon dioxide is involved ...
Science Communication - Hubert H. Humphrey Fellowship Program
... colleagues from other beats. This could be criticized as “beat parochialism” (Sigal, 1973, p. 47). At the same time, more experienced and specialized reporters know more about their topics (Wilson, 2000). Thus, beat parochialism and better informed reporting seem to be two sides of the same coin and ...
... colleagues from other beats. This could be criticized as “beat parochialism” (Sigal, 1973, p. 47). At the same time, more experienced and specialized reporters know more about their topics (Wilson, 2000). Thus, beat parochialism and better informed reporting seem to be two sides of the same coin and ...
When Environmental Issues Collide: Climate Change
... their newfound description as a form of “clean energy” capable of mitigating the greenhouse gas emissions largely responsible for anthropogenic contributions to global climate change. While this issue has been mentioned in several recent publications (e.g., Lohmann 2009; Finley-Brook and Thomas 201 ...
... their newfound description as a form of “clean energy” capable of mitigating the greenhouse gas emissions largely responsible for anthropogenic contributions to global climate change. While this issue has been mentioned in several recent publications (e.g., Lohmann 2009; Finley-Brook and Thomas 201 ...
Hot or Not?: Recognizing and Preparing for Climate
... phenomena is not yet well-studied by researchers. The Model State Health Emergencies Act was proposed in 2001 in response to the 9/11 terrorist attacks, and was meant to prevent and prepare for massive disease outbreaks, bioterrorism, and other public health crises (Gostin et al. 2002). Passed in th ...
... phenomena is not yet well-studied by researchers. The Model State Health Emergencies Act was proposed in 2001 in response to the 9/11 terrorist attacks, and was meant to prevent and prepare for massive disease outbreaks, bioterrorism, and other public health crises (Gostin et al. 2002). Passed in th ...
The carbon cycle in a changing climate
... The excess CO2 that’s accumulating in the atmosphere comes primarily from fossil-fuel combustion. Because carbon14 has a half-life of 5700 years, fossil fuels, which are millions of years old, have lost all their 14C to radioactive decay. Fossilfuel combustion therefore decreases the ratio of radioc ...
... The excess CO2 that’s accumulating in the atmosphere comes primarily from fossil-fuel combustion. Because carbon14 has a half-life of 5700 years, fossil fuels, which are millions of years old, have lost all their 14C to radioactive decay. Fossilfuel combustion therefore decreases the ratio of radioc ...
The Adaptation Coalition Toolkit
... This Toolkit was authored by Maximillian Ashwill of the Social Development Unit in the Latin America and Caribbean Region of the World Bank, with Jan Flora and Cornelia Flora of Iowa State University. The five country case studies and all project related activities and products were coordinated by M ...
... This Toolkit was authored by Maximillian Ashwill of the Social Development Unit in the Latin America and Caribbean Region of the World Bank, with Jan Flora and Cornelia Flora of Iowa State University. The five country case studies and all project related activities and products were coordinated by M ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).