climate change impacts in kerala-an overview
... •Climate change and unseasonal rain in November and January • over the last two years(2009 and 2010) have dampened the •prospects of mango farmers in Muthalamada, known for its •early mango harvest and large-scale export of the fruit. •Late flowering of the fruit and the resultant delay in harvest • ...
... •Climate change and unseasonal rain in November and January • over the last two years(2009 and 2010) have dampened the •prospects of mango farmers in Muthalamada, known for its •early mango harvest and large-scale export of the fruit. •Late flowering of the fruit and the resultant delay in harvest • ...
Towards a unifying narrative for climate change
... At the beginning of the new millennium, the word ‘Anthropocene’ was first used to describe the geological age in which we are now living, in recognition of the distinct and well-established changes to the Earth that humanity has caused since the industrial revolution1,2. Thirteen years later, the In ...
... At the beginning of the new millennium, the word ‘Anthropocene’ was first used to describe the geological age in which we are now living, in recognition of the distinct and well-established changes to the Earth that humanity has caused since the industrial revolution1,2. Thirteen years later, the In ...
Implications for policymakers: Climate change, biodiversity
... Species populations could respond to climate change in different ways. For example: (A) species persist broadly in or adjacent to their current distributions, with changing climatic conditions and disturbance affecting their abundance and the parts of the landscape they occupy directly; (B) species ...
... Species populations could respond to climate change in different ways. For example: (A) species persist broadly in or adjacent to their current distributions, with changing climatic conditions and disturbance affecting their abundance and the parts of the landscape they occupy directly; (B) species ...
US Food Security and Climate Change
... • Substantial differences exist among GCM results despite use of the same widely accepted laws of physics • Differences in how models account for features of the atmosphere and surface smaller than about 200 km (e.g., cloud processes and land-atmosphere interactions) account for differences in tempe ...
... • Substantial differences exist among GCM results despite use of the same widely accepted laws of physics • Differences in how models account for features of the atmosphere and surface smaller than about 200 km (e.g., cloud processes and land-atmosphere interactions) account for differences in tempe ...
Detecting runoff variation in Weihe River basin, China
... The sequential Mann-Kendall test (Mann, 1945; Sneyers, 1975) was used to detect variation changes in precipitation recorded at the 18 hydrological stations listed in Table 1 and in runoff (annual, seasonal and monthly) from 1919 to 2011 at the Huaxian hydrological station. The MannKendall test is us ...
... The sequential Mann-Kendall test (Mann, 1945; Sneyers, 1975) was used to detect variation changes in precipitation recorded at the 18 hydrological stations listed in Table 1 and in runoff (annual, seasonal and monthly) from 1919 to 2011 at the Huaxian hydrological station. The MannKendall test is us ...
- Northumbria Research Link
... The initial response to the early anthropogenic climate change thesis was that there were simply too few people living in these early times to have made such an impact. This criticism has been countered in three main ways. First, the time effect: the impact of changing land cover has been compounded ...
... The initial response to the early anthropogenic climate change thesis was that there were simply too few people living in these early times to have made such an impact. This criticism has been countered in three main ways. First, the time effect: the impact of changing land cover has been compounded ...
Working Paper
... Figure 15. Annual cycle of observed precipitation (blue) and historical simulations (gray) of 24 GCMs from the CMIP5 dataset averaged over the sub-regions described in Fig. 4.2.3 for 1961-1990. The black bold line represents the CMIP5 GCMs ensemble mean. The mean GCMs root mean square e ...
... Figure 15. Annual cycle of observed precipitation (blue) and historical simulations (gray) of 24 GCMs from the CMIP5 dataset averaged over the sub-regions described in Fig. 4.2.3 for 1961-1990. The black bold line represents the CMIP5 GCMs ensemble mean. The mean GCMs root mean square e ...
Global Change and Coral Reefs
... Is there any hope? There is one aspect of SST warming that is not always considered, and that is the fact that in the open ocean, at least, there is a limit to how warm the oceans can get. There is some evidence that the Pacific Warm Pool is already near that maximum, which is believed to be about 3 ...
... Is there any hope? There is one aspect of SST warming that is not always considered, and that is the fact that in the open ocean, at least, there is a limit to how warm the oceans can get. There is some evidence that the Pacific Warm Pool is already near that maximum, which is believed to be about 3 ...
Vegetation–climate feedbacks modulate rainfall patterns in Africa
... of forests versus savannah and grassland may feed back to climate via shifts in the surface energy balance, hydrological cycle and resultant effects on surface pressure and larger-scale atmospheric circulation. We used a regional Earth system model incorporating interactive vegetation–atmosphere cou ...
... of forests versus savannah and grassland may feed back to climate via shifts in the surface energy balance, hydrological cycle and resultant effects on surface pressure and larger-scale atmospheric circulation. We used a regional Earth system model incorporating interactive vegetation–atmosphere cou ...
El Niño – tracking a global climate phenomenon
... Pacific Ocean becomes unusually warm. This sets off a chain reaction of weather events around the world – some devastating and some beneficial, having various impacts on water supply and food production. The last major El Niño emerged in 1997/98, followed by weak and moderate ones in 2002/03, 2004/0 ...
... Pacific Ocean becomes unusually warm. This sets off a chain reaction of weather events around the world – some devastating and some beneficial, having various impacts on water supply and food production. The last major El Niño emerged in 1997/98, followed by weak and moderate ones in 2002/03, 2004/0 ...
Roles of religion and ethics in addressing climate
... p. 398) observes more directly: …we cannot get very far in discussing why climate change is a problem without invoking ethical considerations. If we do not think that our own actions are open to moral assessment, or that various interests (our own, those of our kin and country, those of distant peop ...
... p. 398) observes more directly: …we cannot get very far in discussing why climate change is a problem without invoking ethical considerations. If we do not think that our own actions are open to moral assessment, or that various interests (our own, those of our kin and country, those of distant peop ...
Beyond generic adaptive capacity: exploring the adaptation space of
... When comparing the WW organizations it should be acknowledged that there are differences in the level an type of risk associated with different water services. In this paper a standard conceptualization of risk is used where it is defined as the combination of the probability of an incident occurrin ...
... When comparing the WW organizations it should be acknowledged that there are differences in the level an type of risk associated with different water services. In this paper a standard conceptualization of risk is used where it is defined as the combination of the probability of an incident occurrin ...
... of information – what information was available, to whom, when, and with what credibility – was key to the decision making process. During World War II, DDT was discovered to be extremely effective in controlling insects that are vectors for malaria, typhus and other diseases. Further study and use ...
Guidelines for Use of Climate Scenarios Developed from Statistical
... The most straightforward means of obtaining higher spatial resolution scenarios is to apply coarse-scale climate change projections to a high resolution observed climate baseline – the change factor method. This method is often used when RCM output are unavailable, for sensitivity studies, or whenev ...
... The most straightforward means of obtaining higher spatial resolution scenarios is to apply coarse-scale climate change projections to a high resolution observed climate baseline – the change factor method. This method is often used when RCM output are unavailable, for sensitivity studies, or whenev ...
Climate change, food, water and population health in China
... The consequences of climate change will be felt in all of the world’s continents, countries and populations.1 As climate change proceeds, continuing temperature increases and changes in precipitation patterns will lead to rises in sea level and climatic zonal shifts. Climate change already appears t ...
... The consequences of climate change will be felt in all of the world’s continents, countries and populations.1 As climate change proceeds, continuing temperature increases and changes in precipitation patterns will lead to rises in sea level and climatic zonal shifts. Climate change already appears t ...
flying blind: navigating climate change without the
... our farmers, our infrastructure, our ports, our energy security and every other aspect of this country that will change as a result of the already shifting climate. Moreover, we’ll lose a world-class capability that has taken decades to build and cannot be easily recovered. The CSIRO is a key compon ...
... our farmers, our infrastructure, our ports, our energy security and every other aspect of this country that will change as a result of the already shifting climate. Moreover, we’ll lose a world-class capability that has taken decades to build and cannot be easily recovered. The CSIRO is a key compon ...
climate change urbanisation and humanitarian crises - Inter
... mechanisms and infrastructure. As regards hurricane damage, despite several decades of experience in developing hurricane/disaster resistant housing standards, building codes are unaffordable an unenforced. More frequent hurricanes and storm surges as a result of climate change – even without sea le ...
... mechanisms and infrastructure. As regards hurricane damage, despite several decades of experience in developing hurricane/disaster resistant housing standards, building codes are unaffordable an unenforced. More frequent hurricanes and storm surges as a result of climate change – even without sea le ...
Acceleration technique for Milankovitch type forcing in a coupled
... survey is concerned with the middle to late Holocene, which can be considered as a relatively stable period, wherein rapid climate events were absent (Grootes et al. 1993, Clark et al. 2002). The temperature evolution of the Holocene is also important in light of recent climate change. The new third ...
... survey is concerned with the middle to late Holocene, which can be considered as a relatively stable period, wherein rapid climate events were absent (Grootes et al. 1993, Clark et al. 2002). The temperature evolution of the Holocene is also important in light of recent climate change. The new third ...
34 pages - World bank documents
... climate changes that had taken place over the previous 30 years (see IPCC, 2001a; Zwiers, 2002) were causing 154,000 deaths annually (WHO, 2002). Health impacts are likely to intensify given the anticipated speed of anthropogenic climate change (the scientific bases for which are discussed in detail ...
... climate changes that had taken place over the previous 30 years (see IPCC, 2001a; Zwiers, 2002) were causing 154,000 deaths annually (WHO, 2002). Health impacts are likely to intensify given the anticipated speed of anthropogenic climate change (the scientific bases for which are discussed in detail ...
Project Document for CEO Approval
... 26. The Greenhouse Gas (GHG) inventory is based on 1993 data, as it had more data than any other year and uses the 1996 Revised Guidelines (IPCC. OECD.IEA, 1997). Meanwhile, not all emission categories of the Guidelines are reported on, due to lack of data, or to the non-existence of the activity in ...
... 26. The Greenhouse Gas (GHG) inventory is based on 1993 data, as it had more data than any other year and uses the 1996 Revised Guidelines (IPCC. OECD.IEA, 1997). Meanwhile, not all emission categories of the Guidelines are reported on, due to lack of data, or to the non-existence of the activity in ...
Between Consensus and Denial: Climate Journalists - IPMZ
... as well as due to trickle-down effects between prolific and occasional climate writers, we expect an interpretive community among climate journalists which is built around the main propositions of the IPCC. We will refer to this as the IPCC consensus – knowing that in science there will never be a f ...
... as well as due to trickle-down effects between prolific and occasional climate writers, we expect an interpretive community among climate journalists which is built around the main propositions of the IPCC. We will refer to this as the IPCC consensus – knowing that in science there will never be a f ...
Climate Engineering under the Paris Agreement
... “negative emissions technologies” or “NETs”) are projected to have potentially severe land use, water and biodiversity consequences, as well as uncertain ecosystem impacts. The land use impacts have implications for agriculture and food security, which carry with them human rights concerns and trade ...
... “negative emissions technologies” or “NETs”) are projected to have potentially severe land use, water and biodiversity consequences, as well as uncertain ecosystem impacts. The land use impacts have implications for agriculture and food security, which carry with them human rights concerns and trade ...
- UNDP Climate Change Adaptation
... United Nations Human Development Index (ranked 167 out of 187 countries)1. These countries are particularly vulnerable to climate-related shocks (either to the economy or to unprotected populations), which threaten to undo years of development assistance and asset accumulation, especially within poo ...
... United Nations Human Development Index (ranked 167 out of 187 countries)1. These countries are particularly vulnerable to climate-related shocks (either to the economy or to unprotected populations), which threaten to undo years of development assistance and asset accumulation, especially within poo ...
Entire Report - Center for Climate and Energy
... have shifted their distributions in the past in response to changing climates; however, estimates of the rate of warming suggest that it may occur relatively quickly, some 10 times faster than the warming at the end of the recent glacial maximum, for example. It is not known whether species will be ...
... have shifted their distributions in the past in response to changing climates; however, estimates of the rate of warming suggest that it may occur relatively quickly, some 10 times faster than the warming at the end of the recent glacial maximum, for example. It is not known whether species will be ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).