Field Project 4—Integration of Climate Information from Multiple
... In the first year, we will conduct field reconnaissance and ethnography for each region. We will establish a GIS database of settlements, hydrology, hazards and institutions to select clusters of communities to study more intensively, and we will obtain local histories of glacial movements and glaci ...
... In the first year, we will conduct field reconnaissance and ethnography for each region. We will establish a GIS database of settlements, hydrology, hazards and institutions to select clusters of communities to study more intensively, and we will obtain local histories of glacial movements and glaci ...
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... international processes during the period to 2017, at which point the Roadmap could be reviewed by the Commission. The Roadmap should be regarded as a rolling process and might need to be modified in response to developments in the international arena. 15. The proposed key elements of the Roadmap ar ...
... international processes during the period to 2017, at which point the Roadmap could be reviewed by the Commission. The Roadmap should be regarded as a rolling process and might need to be modified in response to developments in the international arena. 15. The proposed key elements of the Roadmap ar ...
How do stripes form
... A STEM ED Program at the University of Massachusetts, funded by the National Science Foundation and supported by the Climate System Research Center in conjunction with the International Polar Year ...
... A STEM ED Program at the University of Massachusetts, funded by the National Science Foundation and supported by the Climate System Research Center in conjunction with the International Polar Year ...
Chapter 17.
... Climate change may also be affecting the polar bears in Hudson Bay and James Bay. As the top carnivores at the southern limits of their distribution, they are the “canaries in the coal mine” for regional climate change (Stirling and Derocher 1993). They require ice as a platform from which to hunt s ...
... Climate change may also be affecting the polar bears in Hudson Bay and James Bay. As the top carnivores at the southern limits of their distribution, they are the “canaries in the coal mine” for regional climate change (Stirling and Derocher 1993). They require ice as a platform from which to hunt s ...
Climate variability and change and their health effects in small
... Climate variability is the variation around the average climate, including seasonal variations as well as large-scale variations in atmospheric and ocean circulation such as the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Climate change operates over decades or longer. Changes in climate occur as a result ...
... Climate variability is the variation around the average climate, including seasonal variations as well as large-scale variations in atmospheric and ocean circulation such as the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Climate change operates over decades or longer. Changes in climate occur as a result ...
State of the Jamaican Climate 2012:Information for
... yearly in the impact of climate extreme events on the Jamaican economy (Table 1). But it is also true when the climate change is more gradual i.e. over decades or longer. There is strong scientific evidence to suggest that Jamaica’s climate has changed in the recent past. There is equally strong sci ...
... yearly in the impact of climate extreme events on the Jamaican economy (Table 1). But it is also true when the climate change is more gradual i.e. over decades or longer. There is strong scientific evidence to suggest that Jamaica’s climate has changed in the recent past. There is equally strong sci ...
Making Science Useful to Decision Makers: Climate
... and forecast producers show that mutual learning informed by climate information can occur among different disciplines and between scientists and managers. We focus on the role of knowledge networks as vehicles for bridging the gap between knowledge and action. These are composed of policy makers, s ...
... and forecast producers show that mutual learning informed by climate information can occur among different disciplines and between scientists and managers. We focus on the role of knowledge networks as vehicles for bridging the gap between knowledge and action. These are composed of policy makers, s ...
Academic paper : Effects of global climate change on marine
... Published November 2005 by WWF-World Wide Fund For Nature (formerly World Wildlife Fund), Gland, Switzerland. Any reproduction in full or in part of this publication must mention the title and credit the abovementioned publisher as the copyright owner. ...
... Published November 2005 by WWF-World Wide Fund For Nature (formerly World Wildlife Fund), Gland, Switzerland. Any reproduction in full or in part of this publication must mention the title and credit the abovementioned publisher as the copyright owner. ...
Annex C: Simulated Changes in Vegetation Distribution under
... Estimation of the potential impacts of global warming should utilize several future climate scenarios, since the magnitude, timing and spatial details of global warming vary among climate models. Most published impacts studies were based on atmospheric General Circulation Model (GCM) doubled CO 2 ra ...
... Estimation of the potential impacts of global warming should utilize several future climate scenarios, since the magnitude, timing and spatial details of global warming vary among climate models. Most published impacts studies were based on atmospheric General Circulation Model (GCM) doubled CO 2 ra ...
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... Sources: DOE 2009; World Bank 2008c; WRI 2008 augmented with land-use change emissions from Houghton 2009. Note: The data cover over 200 countries for more recent years. Data are not available for all countries in the 19th century, but all major emitters of the era are included. Carbon dioxide (CO2 ...
... Sources: DOE 2009; World Bank 2008c; WRI 2008 augmented with land-use change emissions from Houghton 2009. Note: The data cover over 200 countries for more recent years. Data are not available for all countries in the 19th century, but all major emitters of the era are included. Carbon dioxide (CO2 ...
Changes in species` distributions during and after environmental
... from the basic climate envelope models (Zurell et al. 2012). The way a species responds to changes in the environment is determined by the response of its individuals (such as by changes in their survival, growth, reproduction and dispersal) (Burton et al. 2010, Phillips et al. 2010a) and additional ...
... from the basic climate envelope models (Zurell et al. 2012). The way a species responds to changes in the environment is determined by the response of its individuals (such as by changes in their survival, growth, reproduction and dispersal) (Burton et al. 2010, Phillips et al. 2010a) and additional ...
Navigating scales of knowledge and decision
... the strictures of official government-provided climate services and because they are still able to maintain longstanding relationships with researchers and decision-makers. This also enables RISAs like WWA to be nimble, flexible, and experimental in order to adapt to changing scientific and policy wind ...
... the strictures of official government-provided climate services and because they are still able to maintain longstanding relationships with researchers and decision-makers. This also enables RISAs like WWA to be nimble, flexible, and experimental in order to adapt to changing scientific and policy wind ...
Oceanographic Variability
... contraction of the warm pool into the equatorial western Pacific, higher rainfall in the western Pacific and lower rainfall in the eastern Pacific (Figure 4). The equatorial divergence that occurs within the SEC induces a shallow thermocline (~ 50 m) in the eastern Pacific that deepens progressively ...
... contraction of the warm pool into the equatorial western Pacific, higher rainfall in the western Pacific and lower rainfall in the eastern Pacific (Figure 4). The equatorial divergence that occurs within the SEC induces a shallow thermocline (~ 50 m) in the eastern Pacific that deepens progressively ...
Climate Change and Internal Displacement
... other words, in addition to its own negative impacts, climate change may exacerbate the risk of conflict which can, in turn, cause further displacement. Subsequently, the effects of climate change may lead to increased competition over scarce resources and the loss of livelihoods which may increase ...
... other words, in addition to its own negative impacts, climate change may exacerbate the risk of conflict which can, in turn, cause further displacement. Subsequently, the effects of climate change may lead to increased competition over scarce resources and the loss of livelihoods which may increase ...
University of Birmingham Operational readiness for climate change
... increase to 1.5oC. The global community now agrees that anthropogenic climate change is unequivocal. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the global average combined land and surface temperature has increased by 0.78oC since the industrial revolution. Although the magni ...
... increase to 1.5oC. The global community now agrees that anthropogenic climate change is unequivocal. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the global average combined land and surface temperature has increased by 0.78oC since the industrial revolution. Although the magni ...
Inter-relationships between adaptation and mitigation
... issues need to be settled to properly assign credit for carbon in the types of options presented by the Brazilian forest sector. These include definition of the units of carbon (permanent sequestration versus carbon-ton-years, the latter being most appropriate for forest options), the means of credi ...
... issues need to be settled to properly assign credit for carbon in the types of options presented by the Brazilian forest sector. These include definition of the units of carbon (permanent sequestration versus carbon-ton-years, the latter being most appropriate for forest options), the means of credi ...
Explaining Media and Congressional Attention to Global Climate
... sizes, formats, and from multiple sources. Some indicators may come from direct experience (paying more at the gas station indicates certain conditions within the energy sector), but most indicators (such as unemployment rates, economic growth rates, crime rates, mortality rates, high school drop-ou ...
... sizes, formats, and from multiple sources. Some indicators may come from direct experience (paying more at the gas station indicates certain conditions within the energy sector), but most indicators (such as unemployment rates, economic growth rates, crime rates, mortality rates, high school drop-ou ...
Climate policy and uncertainty: the roles of adaptation versus
... undisputed observation that human activity is rapidly increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Each year, worldwide fossil fuel use adds about six billion metric tons of carbon to the atmosphere, and the concentration of carbon dioxide is now about 30 percent higher than i ...
... undisputed observation that human activity is rapidly increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Each year, worldwide fossil fuel use adds about six billion metric tons of carbon to the atmosphere, and the concentration of carbon dioxide is now about 30 percent higher than i ...
Should we believe model predictions of future climate
... There is clear and widespread evidence that the climate on Earth is changing rapidly. Human influence is very likely responsible for many of the observed largescale trends of warming, and these are almost certain to continue in the near future (IPCC 2007). However, in order to make decisions for miti ...
... There is clear and widespread evidence that the climate on Earth is changing rapidly. Human influence is very likely responsible for many of the observed largescale trends of warming, and these are almost certain to continue in the near future (IPCC 2007). However, in order to make decisions for miti ...
Linkages Between Climate Change and Biodiversity in New Zealand
... this change is increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, in particular carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide (Houghton et al. 2001). Carbon dioxide concentrations are now higher than at any time for the last million years. Furthermore, depending on the greenhouse gas emission ...
... this change is increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, in particular carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide (Houghton et al. 2001). Carbon dioxide concentrations are now higher than at any time for the last million years. Furthermore, depending on the greenhouse gas emission ...
Climate Change & Resource Development Scenarios for the
... The, ‘Climate change and resource development scenarios for the Nechako watershed,’ project was envisioned to address a research need identified in a previous project, ‘Preparing proactively for the impacts of climate change on natural and human systems in the Nechako River Basin’ (als0 funded by th ...
... The, ‘Climate change and resource development scenarios for the Nechako watershed,’ project was envisioned to address a research need identified in a previous project, ‘Preparing proactively for the impacts of climate change on natural and human systems in the Nechako River Basin’ (als0 funded by th ...
Full Paper - WebMeets.com
... Knutson et al. (2008) used a regional climate model of the Atlantic basin to reproduce the pattern of hurricane counts between 1980 and 2006. But when forced with large-scale changes consistent with twenty-first century projections they forecast a reduction in tropical storm and Atlantic hurricane f ...
... Knutson et al. (2008) used a regional climate model of the Atlantic basin to reproduce the pattern of hurricane counts between 1980 and 2006. But when forced with large-scale changes consistent with twenty-first century projections they forecast a reduction in tropical storm and Atlantic hurricane f ...
Wine Grape Suitability and Quality in a Changing Climate
... Pennsylvania’s climate is varied throughout the state, due in part to topography and physiographic regions. Pennsylvania is characterized as being predominantly affected by continental climate, meaning that high pressure systems that move from the Mid-West and through Canada, and low pressure system ...
... Pennsylvania’s climate is varied throughout the state, due in part to topography and physiographic regions. Pennsylvania is characterized as being predominantly affected by continental climate, meaning that high pressure systems that move from the Mid-West and through Canada, and low pressure system ...
PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA, REILLY MASSACHUSETTS ATTORNEY GENERAL THOMAS F.
... of alternatives to the proposed standards. 'NHTSA's determination, however, cannot take place without consideration of the underlying legal requirements related to the mileage standards and "consideration of the consumer cost, national balance of payments, environmental, and foreign policy implicati ...
... of alternatives to the proposed standards. 'NHTSA's determination, however, cannot take place without consideration of the underlying legal requirements related to the mileage standards and "consideration of the consumer cost, national balance of payments, environmental, and foreign policy implicati ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).