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The United Kingdom (UK) Climate Policy
The United Kingdom (UK) Climate Policy

... population density. The differences in climate, as well as other factors, result in vastly different energy needs and usage patterns, and consequently, carbon emissions, in each country.8 The UK faces increasing risks from floods, heat waves, coastal erosion and water scarcity arising from climate c ...
JUST WATER:
JUST WATER:

... The technologically advanced societies can and must lower their domestic energy consumption, either through an evolution in manufacturing methods or through greater ecological sensitivity among their citizens. (#49) ...
THE DURBAN PLATFORM: ISSUES AND OPTIONS FOR A 2015 AGREEMENT INTERNATIONAL
THE DURBAN PLATFORM: ISSUES AND OPTIONS FOR A 2015 AGREEMENT INTERNATIONAL

... species only against threats from trade, not from habitat destruction or invasive species. Similarly, a climate change instrument could address all sources and sinks of greenhouse gases and apply to a country’s entire economy (as the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol generally do), or it could address p ...
The influence of weather conditions on the activity of high
The influence of weather conditions on the activity of high

... effects of density and activity. By using generalized additive modelling to separate variation in capture rates, we found one component that was unimodally related to capture date and one that was a function of short-term weather fluctuations through the season. Air temperature was the most importan ...
Deepa Badrinarayana - Three Degrees Warmer
Deepa Badrinarayana - Three Degrees Warmer

... change threatens state sovereignty because the catastrophic loss of life and property of millions of people would deprive states of control over their domestic territories. Yet, other states rely on claims of their sovereignty to reject international legal obligations to mitigate climate change. Thi ...
CIRCLE OF TREES A Multigenerational Tapestry of Faith Program
CIRCLE OF TREES A Multigenerational Tapestry of Faith Program

... presenting it. ...
CIRCLE OF TREES A Multigenerational Tapestry of Faith Program
CIRCLE OF TREES A Multigenerational Tapestry of Faith Program

... will be comfortable presenting it. ...
Implications of Climate Change for Development
Implications of Climate Change for Development

... analysis has led Nordhaus to conclude that “tropical geography has a substantial negative impact on output density and output per capita compared to temperate regions”.6 Sachs, similarly, argues that poor soils, the presence of pests and parasites, higher crop respiration rates due to warmer tempera ...
Williamson, Craig E., Jennifer A. Brentrup, Jing Zhang, William H
Williamson, Craig E., Jennifer A. Brentrup, Jing Zhang, William H

... , 3.25 km2) that range from sinkholes in arid regions of New Mexico to seepage and surface runoff lakes of glacial origin in heavily forested regions of the central and northern United States, to artificial impoundments in heavily agricultural landscapes in Texas and Ohio, to subalpine and alpine la ...
Thailand_1 - Georgia Institute of Technology
Thailand_1 - Georgia Institute of Technology

... from large single sources would provide a valuable tool for more effective air quality management practices, such as refining programs (e.g. emissions trading, regional planning), and supporting more effective compliance ...
climate change and eu security policy
climate change and eu security policy

... made in injecting foreign and security policy parameters into climate change strategies. The reflection paper claims that the EU is now much more “joinedup” in terms of having its mainstream diplomacy dovetail with climate objectives.8 Another ministerial meeting in July 2013 focused on water challe ...
organisation of king`s bibliography of books on global warming
organisation of king`s bibliography of books on global warming

... Christopher Booker. The real global warming disaster: is the obsession with “climate change” turning out to be the most costly scientific blunder in history? Continuum, 2009, 9781441110527 A.W. Montford. The hockey stick illusion: climategate and the corruption of science. Stacey International, 2010 ...
Practical consideration of climate change
Practical consideration of climate change

... measures or by using new mitigation measures or development controls? 3. Will climate change result in a significant increase in the frequency of inundation? If so is this acceptable, ie is the land still viable or does this increased frequency need to be mitigated? Figure 3 indicates that the curr ...
Pacific Climate Change Finance Assessment Framework (PCCFAF)
Pacific Climate Change Finance Assessment Framework (PCCFAF)

... Peer Review under the Forum Compact. Nauru has continued this leadership role by being the first country to undertake a national climate change finance assessment in line with the PCCFAF. This enabled refinement of the PCCFAF following distribution of the Preliminary Report at the 2012 Pacific Islan ...
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Food and Agriculture on the Sidelines: A
Food and Agriculture on the Sidelines: A

... greenhouse gas emissions2, notes the contribution of agriculture to climate change, and proposes ways for agriculture to be rolled into climate policy. On an international scale, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) – which is the global leader in compiling scientific research on cl ...
Air-mass Origin in the Arctic. Part II: Response to Increases in
Air-mass Origin in the Arctic. Part II: Response to Increases in

... While climate change in the Arctic is driven largely by increases in long-lived greenhouse gases (GHGs), increases in shorter-lived trace species and aerosols have also accelerated warming by altering the radiative and chemical properties of the Arctic. For example, in recent decades increased black ...
Taking Stock of Bank Activities in Energy, Environment and Climate
Taking Stock of Bank Activities in Energy, Environment and Climate

... grow!and!develop.!It!has!contributed!the!least!to! greenhouse!gas!emissions!but!stands!to!lose!the! most.! Droughts,! floods! and! other! waterDrelated! phenomena! are! among! the! clearest! signs! of! climate!change.!And!it!is!water,!energy,!and!food! security! that!will!play! the!largest!role!in! A ...
Climate Change in Zambia
Climate Change in Zambia

... estimated at 4.5 billion tonnes, while below ground biomass is estimated at 1.1 billion tonnes. Stored carbon in above ground tree biomass is approximately 2.8 billion tonnes. 7. However, the available information does not indicate that the IPCC GPG framework has been used in monitoring, reporting a ...
Here - Benjamin Blonder
Here - Benjamin Blonder

... FIG. 1. Summary of our community climate framework. (A) Climate niches for six species in a regional pool are determined from observations (gray symbols; centroid as black symbols). (B) A community climate diagram showing local species composition at time tinf (centroids in red symbols) and observed ...
Detection of Environmental Change
Detection of Environmental Change

... al., in press). In addition, temperatures within the western English Channel, for part of the period under study (1925 – 1974), show cyclic patterns largely synchronized with the 11-year cyclic sunspot index (Southward et al., 1975), suggesting linkage between solar activity and sea surface temperat ...
Report of the Smith College Study Group on Climate Change
Report of the Smith College Study Group on Climate Change

... to reduce climate pollution, address ongoing effects and prepare for future ones fall well short of what is needed.2,3,4 How did climate change become one of modern society’s most pressing issues, and what are the risks? The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has declared warming of th ...
Paths beyond Paris
Paths beyond Paris

... Indigenous Peoples are confronting many challenges: challenges such as extreme changes in the environment, a changing climate, extreme weather events, extreme energy development, and the links to the continued push of economic globalization and a continuation of western forms of development, despite ...
Global mechanisms for sustaining and enhancing PES schemes ⁎ Josh Farley
Global mechanisms for sustaining and enhancing PES schemes ⁎ Josh Farley

... ecosystem and with it almost all ecosystem services (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005; TEEB, 2008). Both climate stability and biodiversity are essential to human wellbeing, and given their system-wide impacts, it seems unlikely that we can develop technological substitutes for the benefits they ...
paths beyond paris
paths beyond paris

... Indigenous Peoples are confronting many challenges: challenges such as extreme changes in the environment, a changing climate, extreme weather events, extreme energy development, and the links to the continued push of economic globalization and a continuation of western forms of development, despite ...
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Attribution of recent climate change



Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).
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