Market and policy driven adaptation: an alternative perspective. Smart Solutions to Climate Change (opens in new window)
... r Coastal protection is one of the few sectors where adaptation costs (usually sea walls and beach nourishment) and adaptation benefits (avoided land loss, flooding) are routinely compared. The resulting benefit-cost-ratios (BCRs) are not always reported, but one study, on coastal protection in the ...
... r Coastal protection is one of the few sectors where adaptation costs (usually sea walls and beach nourishment) and adaptation benefits (avoided land loss, flooding) are routinely compared. The resulting benefit-cost-ratios (BCRs) are not always reported, but one study, on coastal protection in the ...
Climate Change Implications for Crop Production in
... The southern Pacific is now experiencing a significantly drier and warmer climate (by 15 percent and 0.8°C, respectively). The Central Equatorial Pacific, by contrast, is experiencing more intense rain (representing a change of about 30 percent) and a similarly hotter climate (0.6°C). There has been ...
... The southern Pacific is now experiencing a significantly drier and warmer climate (by 15 percent and 0.8°C, respectively). The Central Equatorial Pacific, by contrast, is experiencing more intense rain (representing a change of about 30 percent) and a similarly hotter climate (0.6°C). There has been ...
Upward ant distribution shift corresponds with minimum, not
... study sites and subject them to thermal tolerance testing in a controlled setting and find that maximum and minimum temperature acclimatization occurs along the elevation gradient in both species, but A. rudis consistently becomes physiologically incapacitated at minimum and maximum temperatures 2 ° ...
... study sites and subject them to thermal tolerance testing in a controlled setting and find that maximum and minimum temperature acclimatization occurs along the elevation gradient in both species, but A. rudis consistently becomes physiologically incapacitated at minimum and maximum temperatures 2 ° ...
Urbanization and Climate Change in Small iSland developing StateS
... since the Earth Summit, the UN has been working in close cooperation with SIDS and their partner organizations such as the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) to assist in delivering various Sustainable Development Goals. The role of SIDS, especially in the international climate negotiations, is ...
... since the Earth Summit, the UN has been working in close cooperation with SIDS and their partner organizations such as the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) to assist in delivering various Sustainable Development Goals. The role of SIDS, especially in the international climate negotiations, is ...
2016: global heat record broken again
... 1. Global Temperatures Off the Charts.................................................................................................................................. 3 2. Climate Change is Driving Record-Breaking Heat............................................................................... ...
... 1. Global Temperatures Off the Charts.................................................................................................................................. 3 2. Climate Change is Driving Record-Breaking Heat............................................................................... ...
Ocean Currents and Climate - History Programs
... gas.1 The view was fixed in a widely read statement by Alfred J. Lotka. Since the oceans hold many times as much CO2 as the atmosphere, he explained, it seemed obvious that they must eventually swallow up 95% of any new gas, regardless of the details of the chemistry. The argument was roughly correc ...
... gas.1 The view was fixed in a widely read statement by Alfred J. Lotka. Since the oceans hold many times as much CO2 as the atmosphere, he explained, it seemed obvious that they must eventually swallow up 95% of any new gas, regardless of the details of the chemistry. The argument was roughly correc ...
1. The Climate Change System Introduction
... Our anthropogenic views have influenced today‟s understanding of the Climate Change System, originating from national and international bureaucracies offering monetary gain to scientists in return of spoken and written material based on information that they wish to publicize to the world. Redirecti ...
... Our anthropogenic views have influenced today‟s understanding of the Climate Change System, originating from national and international bureaucracies offering monetary gain to scientists in return of spoken and written material based on information that they wish to publicize to the world. Redirecti ...
Spain - Met Office
... The assessment of impacts at the national level, both for the AVOID programme results and the cited supporting literature, were mostly based on global studies. This was to ensure consistency, whilst recognising that this might not always provide enough focus on impacts of most relevance to a particu ...
... The assessment of impacts at the national level, both for the AVOID programme results and the cited supporting literature, were mostly based on global studies. This was to ensure consistency, whilst recognising that this might not always provide enough focus on impacts of most relevance to a particu ...
SNFI 2011 1 MHLM Solar Storms Neg Solar Storms Negative – 4
... disruptions is to try to learn to predict anomalies and extreme events, in short, to study space weather. But he argued that to stop there would be shortsighted. He emphasized the critical need to conduct research that enables understanding of how to create and sustain high-reliability organizations ...
... disruptions is to try to learn to predict anomalies and extreme events, in short, to study space weather. But he argued that to stop there would be shortsighted. He emphasized the critical need to conduct research that enables understanding of how to create and sustain high-reliability organizations ...
Short-lived pollutants in the Arctic: their climate impact and possible
... of nitrogen oxides (NOx ) and sunlight. ...
... of nitrogen oxides (NOx ) and sunlight. ...
Ecosystem Services and Climate Change
... – By the end of the century, climate change and its impacts may be the dominant direct driver of biodiversity loss and changes in ecosystem services globally – Harm to biodiversity will grow worldwide with increasing rates of change in climate and increasing absolute amounts of change – Some ecosyst ...
... – By the end of the century, climate change and its impacts may be the dominant direct driver of biodiversity loss and changes in ecosystem services globally – Harm to biodiversity will grow worldwide with increasing rates of change in climate and increasing absolute amounts of change – Some ecosyst ...
Impacts of climate change on European marine ecosystems
... to be greater and springtime is occurring earlier (Solomon et al., 2007; IPCC, 2007; Hoegh-Guldberg and Bruno, 2010). Many of these events are thought to be predominantly a consequence of climate change (IPCC, 2007; Hoegh-Guldberg and Bruno, 2010). Although marine species and ecosystems have respond ...
... to be greater and springtime is occurring earlier (Solomon et al., 2007; IPCC, 2007; Hoegh-Guldberg and Bruno, 2010). Many of these events are thought to be predominantly a consequence of climate change (IPCC, 2007; Hoegh-Guldberg and Bruno, 2010). Although marine species and ecosystems have respond ...
REGULATING GREENHOUSE GASES UNDER THE CLEAN AIR
... Conference of Parties (COP21) agreement in Paris represents a unique and historic opportunity for the international community, including the US and China, the world’s largest emitters, to decrease GHG emissions. In the US, however, policy responses to reduce GHG emissions have been obstructed by Con ...
... Conference of Parties (COP21) agreement in Paris represents a unique and historic opportunity for the international community, including the US and China, the world’s largest emitters, to decrease GHG emissions. In the US, however, policy responses to reduce GHG emissions have been obstructed by Con ...
Impacts of climate change on plankton
... impact in the southern North Sea where the atmosphereocean interface is most pronounced. This is also apparent with respect to temperatures across the Northern Hemisphere where the response is also spatially heterogeneous with areas of the North-East Atlantic and shelf areas of the North-West Atlant ...
... impact in the southern North Sea where the atmosphereocean interface is most pronounced. This is also apparent with respect to temperatures across the Northern Hemisphere where the response is also spatially heterogeneous with areas of the North-East Atlantic and shelf areas of the North-West Atlant ...
The complexity of climate change mechanisms
... have been taken on concerted actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. ...
... have been taken on concerted actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. ...
Variability properties of daily and monthly observed near-surface
... A detailed study on near-surface temperature variability and trends in Uganda has not yet been carried out, especially to include recent global temperature increases since the 1970s. A primary motivation for undertaking this study was therefore to investigate temperature trends in Uganda during the ...
... A detailed study on near-surface temperature variability and trends in Uganda has not yet been carried out, especially to include recent global temperature increases since the 1970s. A primary motivation for undertaking this study was therefore to investigate temperature trends in Uganda during the ...
Migration in response to environmental change
... Extreme environmental events such as hurricanes, tsunamis, floods and landslides can also cause immediate loss of income and therefore encourage population displacement. However these displacements tend to be at short distance and often within the same state. However, there are multiple drivers of m ...
... Extreme environmental events such as hurricanes, tsunamis, floods and landslides can also cause immediate loss of income and therefore encourage population displacement. However these displacements tend to be at short distance and often within the same state. However, there are multiple drivers of m ...
Climate Change and Health in Scotland
... and predicts an increase in global average temperature of two to three degrees above preindustrial levels after 2090 for medium risk scenarios. Higher emission scenarios predict temperature increases of up to 6 degrees. There is a broad consensus among climate scientists that climate change is cause ...
... and predicts an increase in global average temperature of two to three degrees above preindustrial levels after 2090 for medium risk scenarios. Higher emission scenarios predict temperature increases of up to 6 degrees. There is a broad consensus among climate scientists that climate change is cause ...
Autumn, the neglected season in climate change
... that can occur weeks apart [28,29]. Autumn bird migration is also temporally extended, and can involve multiple waves of migrating birds [3]. Fruits typically mature over an extended period as well, as part of their reproductive and dispersal strategy, which contrasts with the sudden and brief flowe ...
... that can occur weeks apart [28,29]. Autumn bird migration is also temporally extended, and can involve multiple waves of migrating birds [3]. Fruits typically mature over an extended period as well, as part of their reproductive and dispersal strategy, which contrasts with the sudden and brief flowe ...
Vulnerability of national economies to the impacts of climate change
... temperature to 2050 as the underlying indicator of exposure to climate change as it is the most direct, best understood and most readily available indicator of future climate change (Table 2; see also Scholze et al. 2006). We thus make the simplifying assumption that warming-related impacts (both po ...
... temperature to 2050 as the underlying indicator of exposure to climate change as it is the most direct, best understood and most readily available indicator of future climate change (Table 2; see also Scholze et al. 2006). We thus make the simplifying assumption that warming-related impacts (both po ...
Full text
... kg N2O-N ha-1). The emissions of nitrous oxide between fallow and wheat field are difficult to compare for the first summer period because the fallow was laid out only a few weeks before the start of the experiment and the former field was well fertilized. Nevertheless, in the following year the fal ...
... kg N2O-N ha-1). The emissions of nitrous oxide between fallow and wheat field are difficult to compare for the first summer period because the fallow was laid out only a few weeks before the start of the experiment and the former field was well fertilized. Nevertheless, in the following year the fal ...
Landscaping climate change: a mapping technique for
... issue calls for action and participation in causes. Greenpeace, for example, incites visitors to “become a cyberactivist,” which is effectuated by subscribing to a Greenpeace mailing list. The organization also invites the visitor to “vote now” on “how much of the global investment in oil and gas pr ...
... issue calls for action and participation in causes. Greenpeace, for example, incites visitors to “become a cyberactivist,” which is effectuated by subscribing to a Greenpeace mailing list. The organization also invites the visitor to “vote now” on “how much of the global investment in oil and gas pr ...
Climate Change Risk Assessment
... Australia (CSIRO, 2014), across Victoria (Commissioner for Environmental Sustainability Victoria, 2012) and locally within Victoria (SKM, 2012). These changes are relative to historical trends and are being observed in a number of climate parameters such as rainfall volumes and patterns, temperature ...
... Australia (CSIRO, 2014), across Victoria (Commissioner for Environmental Sustainability Victoria, 2012) and locally within Victoria (SKM, 2012). These changes are relative to historical trends and are being observed in a number of climate parameters such as rainfall volumes and patterns, temperature ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).