Towards stability metrics for cloud cover variation under climate
... • Increases in LTS are large in all models (1K). Corresponding increases in low cloud cover are roughly consistent with KH93 for CAM and SP-CAM, but clouds decrease in AM3 despite large LTS increases • Increases in EIS are seen in all models but these are much weaker than LTS increases (order 0.3-0 ...
... • Increases in LTS are large in all models (1K). Corresponding increases in low cloud cover are roughly consistent with KH93 for CAM and SP-CAM, but clouds decrease in AM3 despite large LTS increases • Increases in EIS are seen in all models but these are much weaker than LTS increases (order 0.3-0 ...
LONG-TERM CLIMATE POLICY TARGETSAND IMPLICATIONS
... these models are only a simplification of reality. A key simplification often made in models that emission reductions can be made in all sectors and regions on the basis of cost-effectiveness. This assumption aims to provide a theoretical lowerbound estimate of the overall climate costs and the time ...
... these models are only a simplification of reality. A key simplification often made in models that emission reductions can be made in all sectors and regions on the basis of cost-effectiveness. This assumption aims to provide a theoretical lowerbound estimate of the overall climate costs and the time ...
FAQs - A Convention For Persons Displaced By Climate Change
... The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the Stern Review, among many other studies, warn that the effects of climate change – including rising sea levels, heavier floods, more frequent and ...
... The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the Stern Review, among many other studies, warn that the effects of climate change – including rising sea levels, heavier floods, more frequent and ...
Adapting to Climate Change: Natural Resource Management and
... are a number of reasons for these unrealised linkages between both communities, some of which will be touched upon below. The point to be made, however, is that although these two communities have come to use somewhat different language or apply shared terminology in slightly different ways as a res ...
... are a number of reasons for these unrealised linkages between both communities, some of which will be touched upon below. The point to be made, however, is that although these two communities have come to use somewhat different language or apply shared terminology in slightly different ways as a res ...
CHAPTER 2 OUR CHANGING CLIMATE Climate Change Impacts in the United States
... • Continued warming and an increased understanding of the U.S. temperature record, as well as multiple other sources of evidence, have strengthened our confidence in the conclusions that the warming trend is clear and primarily the result of human activities. For the contiguous United States, the l ...
... • Continued warming and an increased understanding of the U.S. temperature record, as well as multiple other sources of evidence, have strengthened our confidence in the conclusions that the warming trend is clear and primarily the result of human activities. For the contiguous United States, the l ...
Do Americans Understand That Global Warming Is Harmful to
... being observed in the United States and worldwide, and are projected to increase substantially over the next century and beyond.1-3 Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, warmer temperatures, and altered precipitation patterns are resulting in increases in drought, wildfire, air pollution, sea-lev ...
... being observed in the United States and worldwide, and are projected to increase substantially over the next century and beyond.1-3 Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, warmer temperatures, and altered precipitation patterns are resulting in increases in drought, wildfire, air pollution, sea-lev ...
Climate Change Report for Gulf of the Farallones and
... organisms to migrate will depend on available upland habitat. If these communities are adjacent to steep coastal bluffs it is unclear if they will be able to colonize this habitat. Further, increased erosion and sedimentation may impede their ability to move. Waves: Greater wave activity (see 3.3.2 ...
... organisms to migrate will depend on available upland habitat. If these communities are adjacent to steep coastal bluffs it is unclear if they will be able to colonize this habitat. Further, increased erosion and sedimentation may impede their ability to move. Waves: Greater wave activity (see 3.3.2 ...
PDF
... are many factors that explain this slower development of economic impact analysis, but chief among them is the dependency of economic impact assessments upon reliable climate projections that could be fed into economic models to measure impacts at the socio-economic level, and evaluate policy mitiga ...
... are many factors that explain this slower development of economic impact analysis, but chief among them is the dependency of economic impact assessments upon reliable climate projections that could be fed into economic models to measure impacts at the socio-economic level, and evaluate policy mitiga ...
Climate change and forced migration
... 192 million people, or 3 percent of the world’s population, now live outside their place of birth.8 But this prediction is still very tentative. Professor Myers himself admits that his estimate, although calculated from the best available data, required some ‘heroic extrapolations’.9 Not that any cr ...
... 192 million people, or 3 percent of the world’s population, now live outside their place of birth.8 But this prediction is still very tentative. Professor Myers himself admits that his estimate, although calculated from the best available data, required some ‘heroic extrapolations’.9 Not that any cr ...
Developing a climate change analysis
... weather forecasting may be poor and given the structural problems of meteorological services detailed above, it may lack the specific locational relevance or accuracy a community needs to assist local decision-making. Even when communities can access weather data or more detailed climate informati ...
... weather forecasting may be poor and given the structural problems of meteorological services detailed above, it may lack the specific locational relevance or accuracy a community needs to assist local decision-making. Even when communities can access weather data or more detailed climate informati ...
Climate Change, Agriculture and Water Resources in the
... crop yield declines were reported on 11-21% of total irrigated acres, mostly due to surface water shortage. Southwestern agriculture relies on groundwater, using it to supply at least one-third of the agricultural water demand across the region since 1955. Regional groundwater use varies over time, ...
... crop yield declines were reported on 11-21% of total irrigated acres, mostly due to surface water shortage. Southwestern agriculture relies on groundwater, using it to supply at least one-third of the agricultural water demand across the region since 1955. Regional groundwater use varies over time, ...
Transitions in climate and energy discourse between Hurricanes Katrina and... Emily M. Cody, Jennie C. Stephens, James P. Bagrow,
... intense extreme weather events, result from increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases attributed primarily to fossil fuel burning for energy. Given probable links between the increasing ocean temperature and the severity and frequency of hurricanes and tropical storms [14, 19, 27], ex ...
... intense extreme weather events, result from increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases attributed primarily to fossil fuel burning for energy. Given probable links between the increasing ocean temperature and the severity and frequency of hurricanes and tropical storms [14, 19, 27], ex ...
PDF
... degree of agreement) or dichotomous questions (yes/no).1 Farmers’ perceptions of risks due to climate change have been elicited with Likert scale type questions or risk assessment scales. For example, Arbuckle et al. (2013a) use a five-point agreement scale to ask Iowa farmers their degree of perso ...
... degree of agreement) or dichotomous questions (yes/no).1 Farmers’ perceptions of risks due to climate change have been elicited with Likert scale type questions or risk assessment scales. For example, Arbuckle et al. (2013a) use a five-point agreement scale to ask Iowa farmers their degree of perso ...
Temporary storage of carbon in the biosphere does have value for
... opportunity to avoid that critical threshold. But, this assumes, again, that the threshold is visible and we know when to implement the carbon removal. In the SRES scenarios analyzed by Kirschbaum the maximum single-year impacts of instantaneous temperature occur in 2100, but would be even higher in ...
... opportunity to avoid that critical threshold. But, this assumes, again, that the threshold is visible and we know when to implement the carbon removal. In the SRES scenarios analyzed by Kirschbaum the maximum single-year impacts of instantaneous temperature occur in 2100, but would be even higher in ...
Word version of course outline - Vula
... of presenting the theory and linking it to key literature. Examples are provided in many places of how the theory is applied in case studies, often from work that the lecturer has been involved in and relevant to the southern African region. It is suggested that teachers who use this material in oth ...
... of presenting the theory and linking it to key literature. Examples are provided in many places of how the theory is applied in case studies, often from work that the lecturer has been involved in and relevant to the southern African region. It is suggested that teachers who use this material in oth ...
New gases (presentation by Mr. Forster)
... Crudest methods rely on scaling economic indicators Right: atmospheric measurements of year to year changes (100-yr GWP used to infer GtC units) Figure 2.7, IPCC WG1 chapter 2 , Forster et al, 2007 2 June 2009, Bonn ...
... Crudest methods rely on scaling economic indicators Right: atmospheric measurements of year to year changes (100-yr GWP used to infer GtC units) Figure 2.7, IPCC WG1 chapter 2 , Forster et al, 2007 2 June 2009, Bonn ...
Incorporating Climate Change Adaptation into Catchment
... explore and assess management actions; as such the process and conversations involved are as valuable as the identification of management actions. The CAF is divided into seven parts that are explored, discussed and ultimately assessed. The results of each assessment are summarised in a table format ...
... explore and assess management actions; as such the process and conversations involved are as valuable as the identification of management actions. The CAF is divided into seven parts that are explored, discussed and ultimately assessed. The results of each assessment are summarised in a table format ...
Victoria`s Climate Change Framework
... emissions, which account for over 80 per cent of Victoria’s emissions, while the fourth pillar is about reducing non-energy emissions from activities such as landfilling waste and fertiliser use. These four pillars will guide Victorian Government policies and programs, including our TAKE2 pledge pro ...
... emissions, which account for over 80 per cent of Victoria’s emissions, while the fourth pillar is about reducing non-energy emissions from activities such as landfilling waste and fertiliser use. These four pillars will guide Victorian Government policies and programs, including our TAKE2 pledge pro ...
Climate change mitigation related to Tanzanian forests Key factors
... the whole of Tanzania in less than one year (given that field data are measured during the same period). We may even be able to break the estimate down into regional partial estimates. 2. In addition we should select one of the three "ecosystems" as an object for detailed ...
... the whole of Tanzania in less than one year (given that field data are measured during the same period). We may even be able to break the estimate down into regional partial estimates. 2. In addition we should select one of the three "ecosystems" as an object for detailed ...
Download: ACI2015 - Summary for Policy-makers
... on its altitude in the atmosphere, the locations of black carbon sources and the details of its transport pathways are important considerations. Black carbon at high altitudes in the Arctic leads to surface cooling. Black carbon found lower in the atmosphere, leading to surface warming and at times ...
... on its altitude in the atmosphere, the locations of black carbon sources and the details of its transport pathways are important considerations. Black carbon at high altitudes in the Arctic leads to surface cooling. Black carbon found lower in the atmosphere, leading to surface warming and at times ...
Sensitivity of Amazon Regional Climate to Deforestation
... land covers and convection schemes, for example Xue et al. [60] that the new vegetated dataset (changes in particular in LAI, soil properties were deemed important) produced significantly different latent heat flux’s and surface temperatures which can cause a significantly different response in rain ...
... land covers and convection schemes, for example Xue et al. [60] that the new vegetated dataset (changes in particular in LAI, soil properties were deemed important) produced significantly different latent heat flux’s and surface temperatures which can cause a significantly different response in rain ...
The Climate Change Performance Index - Results
... countries that are, together, responsible for more than 90% of global energy-related CO2 emissions. There are other countries with good or even higher climate protection performance, but due to methodological reasons, their inclusion is not possible. As the CCPI is mainly emissions based, countries ...
... countries that are, together, responsible for more than 90% of global energy-related CO2 emissions. There are other countries with good or even higher climate protection performance, but due to methodological reasons, their inclusion is not possible. As the CCPI is mainly emissions based, countries ...
Climate Change, Human Security and Violent Conflict
... food and fish stocks, increased flooding, and prolonged droughts are already happening in many parts of the world. In 2010 the UN’s Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) has calculated that drought affected more than one hundred million people, and more than 38 million others we ...
... food and fish stocks, increased flooding, and prolonged droughts are already happening in many parts of the world. In 2010 the UN’s Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) has calculated that drought affected more than one hundred million people, and more than 38 million others we ...
Climate Change Action Plan Assessment Report
... of the problem. Moreover, it also lacks in being an official commitment document like its predecessor National Climate Change Strategy Document dated May 2010 approved by the Supreme Planning Council. 16 of the 541 actions under the energy, buildings, industry, waste, agriculture, land use and fores ...
... of the problem. Moreover, it also lacks in being an official commitment document like its predecessor National Climate Change Strategy Document dated May 2010 approved by the Supreme Planning Council. 16 of the 541 actions under the energy, buildings, industry, waste, agriculture, land use and fores ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).