Adaptation to Climate Change: Evidence from US Agriculture September 30, 2013
... weather. Long run adaptations appear to have mitigated less than about half of the shortrun effects of extreme heat exposure on corn yields, and point estimates across a range of specifications suggest that long run adaptions have more likely offset none of these short run impacts. We also show limi ...
... weather. Long run adaptations appear to have mitigated less than about half of the shortrun effects of extreme heat exposure on corn yields, and point estimates across a range of specifications suggest that long run adaptions have more likely offset none of these short run impacts. We also show limi ...
Earth System Model Installation at TERI HPC: Norway – India
... The need to understand climate variability and change are gaining high priorities than anticipated. Many significant impacts have been highlighted which substantiates the influence of climate variability and change on different spatial and temporal scales. More precisely it was found that the unders ...
... The need to understand climate variability and change are gaining high priorities than anticipated. Many significant impacts have been highlighted which substantiates the influence of climate variability and change on different spatial and temporal scales. More precisely it was found that the unders ...
Projected Heat-Related Mortality in the US Urban Northeast
... circulation models (GCMs) used in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)’s Fifth Assessment Report (AR5), and two representative concentration pathways (RCPs) [23]. Detailed information about the 33 climate models is provided in Table S1. The new RCPs were developed for the climate mod ...
... circulation models (GCMs) used in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)’s Fifth Assessment Report (AR5), and two representative concentration pathways (RCPs) [23]. Detailed information about the 33 climate models is provided in Table S1. The new RCPs were developed for the climate mod ...
Low-carbon resilient development in the least developed countries
... far at the country strategy level, the scale has been policy domains of adaptation and mitigation through focusing on an overall framework or policy objective in development planning. one area that multiple projects (often on one issue or the other) feed into. It is not yet clear how the win-wins al ...
... far at the country strategy level, the scale has been policy domains of adaptation and mitigation through focusing on an overall framework or policy objective in development planning. one area that multiple projects (often on one issue or the other) feed into. It is not yet clear how the win-wins al ...
North American megadroughts in the Common Era
... thereafter (1300–1600 CE). Forcing differences during the MCA (e.g., enhanced solar or diminished volcanic activity) have therefore been posited as a possible driver, most likely by favoring ocean states conducive to drought over North America.32 Alternatively, the same processes responsible for rec ...
... thereafter (1300–1600 CE). Forcing differences during the MCA (e.g., enhanced solar or diminished volcanic activity) have therefore been posited as a possible driver, most likely by favoring ocean states conducive to drought over North America.32 Alternatively, the same processes responsible for rec ...
Adaptive Thermoregulation in Endotherms May
... conservation issues facing biologists, land stewards, and governments and has become a central topic in biological research. Considerable effort is being invested in determining the best methods to measure the current impacts of climate change and model the future effects (Chown et al. 2010). One of ...
... conservation issues facing biologists, land stewards, and governments and has become a central topic in biological research. Considerable effort is being invested in determining the best methods to measure the current impacts of climate change and model the future effects (Chown et al. 2010). One of ...
Climate Change in Prince George - Canadian Institute of Planners
... (ENSO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). ENSO influences climate variability on the scale of seasons to years, while the PDO occurs over 20 to 30 years. These two patterns are described further in section 5. Climate change refers to any change in climate over an extended period, such as sev ...
... (ENSO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). ENSO influences climate variability on the scale of seasons to years, while the PDO occurs over 20 to 30 years. These two patterns are described further in section 5. Climate change refers to any change in climate over an extended period, such as sev ...
Submission from the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS)
... ensure that the observation and information needed to address climate‐related issues are obtained and made available to all potential users. The goal of GCOS is that contributing observing systems together provide comprehensive information on the total climate sy ...
... ensure that the observation and information needed to address climate‐related issues are obtained and made available to all potential users. The goal of GCOS is that contributing observing systems together provide comprehensive information on the total climate sy ...
50 years of urbanization in Africa: Assessing the role of climate change
... recently in Kenya in 2013. Climate records indicate a warming trend over Africa during the 20th Century, continuing at a slightly faster pace in the first decade of the 21st Century, independently of ENSO impacts (Collins 2011; Nicholson, Nash, Chase, et al. 2013). Climate researchers predict future ...
... recently in Kenya in 2013. Climate records indicate a warming trend over Africa during the 20th Century, continuing at a slightly faster pace in the first decade of the 21st Century, independently of ENSO impacts (Collins 2011; Nicholson, Nash, Chase, et al. 2013). Climate researchers predict future ...
Wind stress curl
... • Many studies using high resolution (eddy-permitting) ocean models that show an improved simulation of the ocean (mean state and variability) • More complex to show how increased ocean resolution directly impacts on simulation of climate (e.g. atmosphere/land where people live) – may well need suff ...
... • Many studies using high resolution (eddy-permitting) ocean models that show an improved simulation of the ocean (mean state and variability) • More complex to show how increased ocean resolution directly impacts on simulation of climate (e.g. atmosphere/land where people live) – may well need suff ...
- Friends of the Earth International
... woodlands, increase of flooding, disturbing the wetland soil, burning of coal are some ac�vi�es directly contribu�ng to climate change. This publica�on begins to analyze ADB’s climate impacts in general through the selected projects in the above countries. These projects have been approved since the ...
... woodlands, increase of flooding, disturbing the wetland soil, burning of coal are some ac�vi�es directly contribu�ng to climate change. This publica�on begins to analyze ADB’s climate impacts in general through the selected projects in the above countries. These projects have been approved since the ...
The future of terrestrial mammals in the Mediterranean basin under
... in our analysis, especially for points collected through the Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Thus, around each point of presence, we considered a circular buffer with a radius corresponding to the location error. We then generated a random point inside each buffer to which we associated th ...
... in our analysis, especially for points collected through the Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Thus, around each point of presence, we considered a circular buffer with a radius corresponding to the location error. We then generated a random point inside each buffer to which we associated th ...
Independent Review of the Climate Change Act 2010 [MS Word
... We will take decisive action to address climate change by looking at ways to embed climate change considerations across government, lead a positive transition to a low carbon economy, assist communities to increase their resilience, and support the most vulnerable. The Victorian Government’s respons ...
... We will take decisive action to address climate change by looking at ways to embed climate change considerations across government, lead a positive transition to a low carbon economy, assist communities to increase their resilience, and support the most vulnerable. The Victorian Government’s respons ...
Climate Change and the Monterey Bay Shoreline
... average temperatures well beyond our “comfort zone.” Nearly all climate scientists agree that human activities are to blame for the changing climate. The addition of carbon dioxide, the most prevalent GHG, into the atmosphere as a result of burning oil, natural gas, and coal, in combination with the ...
... average temperatures well beyond our “comfort zone.” Nearly all climate scientists agree that human activities are to blame for the changing climate. The addition of carbon dioxide, the most prevalent GHG, into the atmosphere as a result of burning oil, natural gas, and coal, in combination with the ...
Climate-driven enrichment of pollutants in peatlands
... Peatlands cover about 5–8% of the earth’s continental surface and contain one third of the total soil carbon stock (IPCC, 2000), playing an important role in the carbon cycle. Depending on climatic conditions they may act as sinks or sources of carbon and other elements. A strong connection between ...
... Peatlands cover about 5–8% of the earth’s continental surface and contain one third of the total soil carbon stock (IPCC, 2000), playing an important role in the carbon cycle. Depending on climatic conditions they may act as sinks or sources of carbon and other elements. A strong connection between ...
Constraining temperature variations over the last
... information on the coupled climate-carbon cycle system. Estimates of past temperature and climate variability are a prerequisite for a possible attribution of the twentieth century warming to anthropogenic greenhouse gas forcing. While proxy based climate reconstructions can inform our knowledge of ...
... information on the coupled climate-carbon cycle system. Estimates of past temperature and climate variability are a prerequisite for a possible attribution of the twentieth century warming to anthropogenic greenhouse gas forcing. While proxy based climate reconstructions can inform our knowledge of ...
SUBSTITUTION OF NATURAL GAS FOR COAL: CLIMATIC
... Fuel switching, or the substitution of low-carbon fuels for fossil fuels with higher carbon contents, is one of the principal methods suggested to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from energy consumption in the near future (e.g., E7, 2000; Nakicenovic, 2000; Audus, 1999; ORNL, 1997; Watson et al., 19 ...
... Fuel switching, or the substitution of low-carbon fuels for fossil fuels with higher carbon contents, is one of the principal methods suggested to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from energy consumption in the near future (e.g., E7, 2000; Nakicenovic, 2000; Audus, 1999; ORNL, 1997; Watson et al., 19 ...
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... developed. The geographic distributions of vegetation types north of 55°N, including the position of the forest limit and the distributions of the tundra types, could be predicted from climatology using a small set of plant functional types embedded in the biogeochemistry-biogeography model BIOME4. ...
... developed. The geographic distributions of vegetation types north of 55°N, including the position of the forest limit and the distributions of the tundra types, could be predicted from climatology using a small set of plant functional types embedded in the biogeochemistry-biogeography model BIOME4. ...
Climate and Climate Change
... 29) What best describes how Carbon Dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere have changed in the last 500 years? A) Concentrations were steady until 1900 when they began to increase B) Concentrations increased until 1900 when they began to decrease C) Concentrations decreased until 1900 when they be ...
... 29) What best describes how Carbon Dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere have changed in the last 500 years? A) Concentrations were steady until 1900 when they began to increase B) Concentrations increased until 1900 when they began to decrease C) Concentrations decreased until 1900 when they be ...
Lecture 1 - Department of Meteorology and Climate Science
... • Remote Sensing in the most generally accepted meaning refers to instrument-based techniques employed in the acquisition and measurement of spatially organized (most commonly, geographically distributed) data/information on some property(ies) (spectral; spatial; physical) of an array of target poin ...
... • Remote Sensing in the most generally accepted meaning refers to instrument-based techniques employed in the acquisition and measurement of spatially organized (most commonly, geographically distributed) data/information on some property(ies) (spectral; spatial; physical) of an array of target poin ...
Three Key Elements of a Post-2012 International Climate Policy
... Annex I countries, including the United States, were to reduce their CO2 emissions to zero by 2030, unless there are also significant reductions by China and India, it will be physically impossible for the world to achieve the frequently discussed climate target of stabilizing atmospheric CO2 concen ...
... Annex I countries, including the United States, were to reduce their CO2 emissions to zero by 2030, unless there are also significant reductions by China and India, it will be physically impossible for the world to achieve the frequently discussed climate target of stabilizing atmospheric CO2 concen ...
StudentS take on climate StorieS
... provides a DC (direct current) voltage that can be used to power motors, lights or any number of electrical appliances. There are several different types of fuel cells, each using a different chemistry. Some types of fuel cells work well for use in stationary power generation plants. Others may be u ...
... provides a DC (direct current) voltage that can be used to power motors, lights or any number of electrical appliances. There are several different types of fuel cells, each using a different chemistry. Some types of fuel cells work well for use in stationary power generation plants. Others may be u ...
1 - WMO
... The efficient operation of the GCOS surface and upper air network is important for the achievement of the goal of the GCOS programme which is to facilitate improvement in climate observations leading to better: Climate system monitoring, climate change detection and assessment of impacts of climat ...
... The efficient operation of the GCOS surface and upper air network is important for the achievement of the goal of the GCOS programme which is to facilitate improvement in climate observations leading to better: Climate system monitoring, climate change detection and assessment of impacts of climat ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).