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... and Zimbabwe. Focus on these countries provides the opportunity for comparison, also allowing us to seek explanation regarding the factors that appear to support or inhibit CCD within each context. Both DRC and Mozambique have experienced large-scale conflict and civil war over the past 30 years, wh ...
... and Zimbabwe. Focus on these countries provides the opportunity for comparison, also allowing us to seek explanation regarding the factors that appear to support or inhibit CCD within each context. Both DRC and Mozambique have experienced large-scale conflict and civil war over the past 30 years, wh ...
The costs of adaptation: Working Paper 7 (260 kB) (opens in new window)
... because they cannot be defended at reasonable cost (residual damage). Finding the right combination between these measures is a complex economic and ethical question. The point to note here is that cost-effective adaptation is unlikely to reduce impacts to zero. There will be substantial residual da ...
... because they cannot be defended at reasonable cost (residual damage). Finding the right combination between these measures is a complex economic and ethical question. The point to note here is that cost-effective adaptation is unlikely to reduce impacts to zero. There will be substantial residual da ...
CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENTS: AN
... Abstract. Vulnerability is an emerging concept for climate science and policy. Over the past decade, efforts to assess vulnerability to climate change triggered a process of theory development and assessment practice, which is reflected in the reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ...
... Abstract. Vulnerability is an emerging concept for climate science and policy. Over the past decade, efforts to assess vulnerability to climate change triggered a process of theory development and assessment practice, which is reflected in the reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ...
- University of East Anglia
... or not they (will) have influential effects – the weighty issues that we engage with in this special issue. International scholars have mostly contributed to these debates by exploring ways to exploit cracks that have appeared in the international regime (Keohane and Victor, 2011). Others have found ...
... or not they (will) have influential effects – the weighty issues that we engage with in this special issue. International scholars have mostly contributed to these debates by exploring ways to exploit cracks that have appeared in the international regime (Keohane and Victor, 2011). Others have found ...
Vulnerability to climate change in the Arctic: A case study from Arctic
... broad studies conducted by government agencies (Cohen, 1997) and reviews in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Third Assessment Report and the Arctic Council’s ACIA (Maxwell, 1997; Anisimov and Fitzharris, 2001; ACIA, 2004). Information is also available from specific studies of th ...
... broad studies conducted by government agencies (Cohen, 1997) and reviews in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Third Assessment Report and the Arctic Council’s ACIA (Maxwell, 1997; Anisimov and Fitzharris, 2001; ACIA, 2004). Information is also available from specific studies of th ...
Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Changes in Egypt
... m3 year−1 (28% of available water resources), but it cannot be added to Egypt’s share of water as it is a reused source (CAPMAS 2009). Awareness and concern for problems related to environmental quality are growing at a steady pace: climate change, biodiversity, soil fertility decay and above all fo ...
... m3 year−1 (28% of available water resources), but it cannot be added to Egypt’s share of water as it is a reused source (CAPMAS 2009). Awareness and concern for problems related to environmental quality are growing at a steady pace: climate change, biodiversity, soil fertility decay and above all fo ...
Size and variability of crop productivity both impacted by CO 2
... change on crop production, and the means to alleviate these impacts. While projections of the response of crop production to climate change at different regions are known to vary, field experimental studies are needed to observe the impact of climatic factors on crop growth, and to serve as an obser ...
... change on crop production, and the means to alleviate these impacts. While projections of the response of crop production to climate change at different regions are known to vary, field experimental studies are needed to observe the impact of climatic factors on crop growth, and to serve as an obser ...
Chapter 4: Traditional Ricardian Method and
... climate such as wind speed or sunlight but one must be careful about variables such as evapotranspiration that already reflect precipitation and temperature to avoid double counting effects. ...
... climate such as wind speed or sunlight but one must be careful about variables such as evapotranspiration that already reflect precipitation and temperature to avoid double counting effects. ...
1 Darrel Moellendorf Forthcoming in Dominic Roser and Jennifer
... justice is appropriate. I shall argue that that is not the case. Insofar as nonideal theory is dependent on an account of ideal theory, which it serves, nonideal theory is ill-suited to offer practical moral guidance in light of the urgency of the circumstances. That claim does not entail, however, ...
... justice is appropriate. I shall argue that that is not the case. Insofar as nonideal theory is dependent on an account of ideal theory, which it serves, nonideal theory is ill-suited to offer practical moral guidance in light of the urgency of the circumstances. That claim does not entail, however, ...
Climate Change Impacts on Environmental Hazards on the Great
... osi, Meyer, et al. 2013); thus this hazard was excluded from the assessment. In the last two centuries global climate change has become increasingly obvious and further warming is expected. On the basis of the climate model simulations, future warming is accompanied by changing precipitation conditi ...
... osi, Meyer, et al. 2013); thus this hazard was excluded from the assessment. In the last two centuries global climate change has become increasingly obvious and further warming is expected. On the basis of the climate model simulations, future warming is accompanied by changing precipitation conditi ...
From Climate Science to Adaptation Decision-Making Mark Stafford Smith
... Today’s decisions must account for how long their effects will be felt Stafford Smith et al, PhilTransRoySoc 2011 (after Jones & McInnes 2004) ...
... Today’s decisions must account for how long their effects will be felt Stafford Smith et al, PhilTransRoySoc 2011 (after Jones & McInnes 2004) ...
internists (american college of physicians)
... be emitted in the coming decades or how natural climate variations may affect temperature trends is difficult; however, the National Research Council states that “there are still some uncertainties, and there always will be in understanding a complex system like Earth's climate. Nevertheless, there i ...
... be emitted in the coming decades or how natural climate variations may affect temperature trends is difficult; however, the National Research Council states that “there are still some uncertainties, and there always will be in understanding a complex system like Earth's climate. Nevertheless, there i ...
The Economics of Climate Change in the Caribbean
... Table 7.3: Socio-economic importance of travel and tourism in the Caribbean ..................................... 111 Table 7.4: Impact of temperature and precipitation on transport expenditure, A2 and B2 (2008 US$ million) ............................................................................ ...
... Table 7.3: Socio-economic importance of travel and tourism in the Caribbean ..................................... 111 Table 7.4: Impact of temperature and precipitation on transport expenditure, A2 and B2 (2008 US$ million) ............................................................................ ...
Lagged effects of ocean climate change on fulmar population
... environmental factors, density and levels of disturbance indicated that colony size did not in¯uence these reproductive parameters; however, the winter NAO and previously reported effects of disturbance together explained almost 30% of the observed variation in annual ¯edging success (F2,32 = 6.92, ...
... environmental factors, density and levels of disturbance indicated that colony size did not in¯uence these reproductive parameters; however, the winter NAO and previously reported effects of disturbance together explained almost 30% of the observed variation in annual ¯edging success (F2,32 = 6.92, ...
How much do precipitation extremes change in a warming
... at a rate exceeding the 7% K 1 (Figure 1), in agreement with the hypothesis of Trenberth et al. [2003]. Nevertheless, the mean intensity increase in the model-simulated long-term changes is about one order of magnitude smaller than that derived from the inter-annual variations in the GPCP pentad dat ...
... at a rate exceeding the 7% K 1 (Figure 1), in agreement with the hypothesis of Trenberth et al. [2003]. Nevertheless, the mean intensity increase in the model-simulated long-term changes is about one order of magnitude smaller than that derived from the inter-annual variations in the GPCP pentad dat ...
key issues relevant to capacity building for climate services
... metadata, including descriptions, learning objectives, completion time, and content level. This will make it easy for a working group to examine the relevant resources to narrow down those that could be of use, before more careful review of their contents. One of the distinct advan ...
... metadata, including descriptions, learning objectives, completion time, and content level. This will make it easy for a working group to examine the relevant resources to narrow down those that could be of use, before more careful review of their contents. One of the distinct advan ...
Impact of climate change on freshwater ecosystems: a global
... biodiversity that are by far greater than those in the most affected terrestrial ecosystems (Dudgeon et al., 2006). According to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005), populations of freshwater species (included in the Living Planet Index) declined, between 1970 and 2000, by 50%, compared to 30 ...
... biodiversity that are by far greater than those in the most affected terrestrial ecosystems (Dudgeon et al., 2006). According to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005), populations of freshwater species (included in the Living Planet Index) declined, between 1970 and 2000, by 50%, compared to 30 ...
HEAT IN THE HEARTLAND: Climate Change and Economic Risk in
... major metropolitan areas through higher heat-related mortality, increased electricity demand and energy costs, and declines in labor productivity. Meanwhile, without significant adaptation on the part of Midwest farmers, the region’s thriving agricultural sector—particularly in the southern states—i ...
... major metropolitan areas through higher heat-related mortality, increased electricity demand and energy costs, and declines in labor productivity. Meanwhile, without significant adaptation on the part of Midwest farmers, the region’s thriving agricultural sector—particularly in the southern states—i ...
Climate Change and Existing Law: A Survey Robert Meltz Legislative Attorney
... account of climate change and government responses thereto. At the threshold of many climate-change-related lawsuits are two barriers—whether the plaintiff has standing to sue and whether the claim being made presents a political question. Both barriers have forced courts to apply amorphous standard ...
... account of climate change and government responses thereto. At the threshold of many climate-change-related lawsuits are two barriers—whether the plaintiff has standing to sue and whether the claim being made presents a political question. Both barriers have forced courts to apply amorphous standard ...
North Africa: The Impact of Climate Change to
... bordering Sudan to the southeast, Niger and Chad to the south, and Algeria to the west. Libya’s area totals 1,759,540 sq km, including no areas of water. Its terrain is flat to undulating plains, plateaus, and depressions; its landscape is mostly barren. The country is subject to dust and sand storm ...
... bordering Sudan to the southeast, Niger and Chad to the south, and Algeria to the west. Libya’s area totals 1,759,540 sq km, including no areas of water. Its terrain is flat to undulating plains, plateaus, and depressions; its landscape is mostly barren. The country is subject to dust and sand storm ...
Climate Change in Japanese History and Prehistory
... global warming is real, or whether or not we are to blame; most observers now agree that it is, and we are. The question is no longer what is happening or why; it is what we can expect if present trends continue and what, if anything, we can do to slow or halt them. Although popular accounts sometim ...
... global warming is real, or whether or not we are to blame; most observers now agree that it is, and we are. The question is no longer what is happening or why; it is what we can expect if present trends continue and what, if anything, we can do to slow or halt them. Although popular accounts sometim ...
WP83: The emerging geographies of climate justice
... Environmental justice, development processes and the politics of scale: what can we learn for conceptualising climate justice? The terms climate justice or equity (broadly used in the debate to mean distributive justice) have entered the public discourse through a concerted effort on the part of gov ...
... Environmental justice, development processes and the politics of scale: what can we learn for conceptualising climate justice? The terms climate justice or equity (broadly used in the debate to mean distributive justice) have entered the public discourse through a concerted effort on the part of gov ...
Carbon Capture and Storage Association
... required by 2032 to prepare for the 2050 target, recognising that this may require that emissions in some areas are reduced close to zero? By 2050 CCS will need to deliver significant emissions reductions across a broad range of low carbon sectors, including fossil fuel power generation, energy inte ...
... required by 2032 to prepare for the 2050 target, recognising that this may require that emissions in some areas are reduced close to zero? By 2050 CCS will need to deliver significant emissions reductions across a broad range of low carbon sectors, including fossil fuel power generation, energy inte ...
Biogeosciences
... Satellite measurements of ocean colour have been used to derive surface water chlorophyll concentrations (Chl), phytoplankton carbon biomass (Cphyto ), and PP (Behrenfeld et al., 2006, 1997; Carr et al., 2006). These methods have the advantage in that they provide large spatial and temporal coverage ...
... Satellite measurements of ocean colour have been used to derive surface water chlorophyll concentrations (Chl), phytoplankton carbon biomass (Cphyto ), and PP (Behrenfeld et al., 2006, 1997; Carr et al., 2006). These methods have the advantage in that they provide large spatial and temporal coverage ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).