Biogeosciences
... Satellite measurements of ocean colour have been used to derive surface water chlorophyll concentrations (Chl), phytoplankton carbon biomass (Cphyto ), and PP (Behrenfeld et al., 2006, 1997; Carr et al., 2006). These methods have the advantage in that they provide large spatial and temporal coverage ...
... Satellite measurements of ocean colour have been used to derive surface water chlorophyll concentrations (Chl), phytoplankton carbon biomass (Cphyto ), and PP (Behrenfeld et al., 2006, 1997; Carr et al., 2006). These methods have the advantage in that they provide large spatial and temporal coverage ...
climate change and sustainability of agrodiversity in traditional
... 1999). Such events are inextricably going to change the type and magnitude of ecosystem services and impact largely the rural people and their agriculture. Scientific evidence indicates strongly that global climate change is indeed taking place and will have practical ramifications on local ecosyste ...
... 1999). Such events are inextricably going to change the type and magnitude of ecosystem services and impact largely the rural people and their agriculture. Scientific evidence indicates strongly that global climate change is indeed taking place and will have practical ramifications on local ecosyste ...
Global Change and the Earth System
... • Global change is more than climate change. It is real, it is happening now and in many ways it is accelerating. Human activities are significantly influencing the functioning of the Earth System in many areas; anthropogenic changes are clearly identifiable beyond natural variability and are equal ...
... • Global change is more than climate change. It is real, it is happening now and in many ways it is accelerating. Human activities are significantly influencing the functioning of the Earth System in many areas; anthropogenic changes are clearly identifiable beyond natural variability and are equal ...
Financing climate change - Department of Environmental Affairs
... conducted in order to strengthen the financing component of the National Climate Change Response White Paper. It is based on three separate studies. These included a desktop study of climate change research, a study on stakeholder engagements, and institutional case studies that were specifically co ...
... conducted in order to strengthen the financing component of the National Climate Change Response White Paper. It is based on three separate studies. These included a desktop study of climate change research, a study on stakeholder engagements, and institutional case studies that were specifically co ...
Ranking of the World`s Cities Most Exposed to Coastal Flooding
... There are exceptions to the general relationship between wealth and protection. For example, Greater New York, despite having a larger GDP than London, Tokyo and Amsterdam, is currently only protected to a standard of roughly a 1 in 100 year flood. Shanghai, a developing country city with a lower GD ...
... There are exceptions to the general relationship between wealth and protection. For example, Greater New York, despite having a larger GDP than London, Tokyo and Amsterdam, is currently only protected to a standard of roughly a 1 in 100 year flood. Shanghai, a developing country city with a lower GD ...
The Vulnerability of Biodiversity to Rapid Climate Change
... While we cannot with any certainty anticipate geographic details regarding the sign or size of these effects, the very character of regional climates may likely be altered over the next decades in some generalizable but crucial ways. These entail: Multivariate change—including in, but not restrict ...
... While we cannot with any certainty anticipate geographic details regarding the sign or size of these effects, the very character of regional climates may likely be altered over the next decades in some generalizable but crucial ways. These entail: Multivariate change—including in, but not restrict ...
Climate Change: Implementation of the
... France: +1 France has fully complied with its commitment to implement all of the provisions of the Copenhagen Accord by taking significant legislative and funding actions on both adaptation and mitigation strategies. France has implemented a verifiable system for measuring and reporting greenhouse g ...
... France: +1 France has fully complied with its commitment to implement all of the provisions of the Copenhagen Accord by taking significant legislative and funding actions on both adaptation and mitigation strategies. France has implemented a verifiable system for measuring and reporting greenhouse g ...
Turning points in climate change adaptation
... turn to alternative routes may be considered (the unexplored land). (1b) A threshold (here: failing safety standards at a sea level rise of 0.2 m relative to 1990) is translated into a time range in which the threshold is likely to be reached. The figure uses projected global-averaged, sea-level ris ...
... turn to alternative routes may be considered (the unexplored land). (1b) A threshold (here: failing safety standards at a sea level rise of 0.2 m relative to 1990) is translated into a time range in which the threshold is likely to be reached. The figure uses projected global-averaged, sea-level ris ...
674_0 - Global Environment Facility
... of flooding depends on wind and atmospheric pressure that characterizes the weather at the time. These elements of the weather have impacts on the natural state of the sea level and cause the sea to overtop and flood the edges of the islands. The driving force of the weather is temperature distribut ...
... of flooding depends on wind and atmospheric pressure that characterizes the weather at the time. These elements of the weather have impacts on the natural state of the sea level and cause the sea to overtop and flood the edges of the islands. The driving force of the weather is temperature distribut ...
Nonlinear response of mid-latitude weather to the changing Arctic
... vortex, which itself is highly nonlinear. A linkage pathway that may appear to be responsible for ...
... vortex, which itself is highly nonlinear. A linkage pathway that may appear to be responsible for ...
marine, Freshwater, and Terrestrial Ecosystems on
... of 0.07° to 0.23°C (+0.13° to 0.41°F) per decade depending on the location. Projected increases in SST for the region range from 0.6° to 0.7°C (1.1° to 1.3°F) by 2030, 0.9° to 1.4°C (1.6° to 2.5°F) by 2055, and 1.3° to 2.7°C (2.3° to 4.9°F) by 2090 under B1 and A2 emission scenarios (Australian Bure ...
... of 0.07° to 0.23°C (+0.13° to 0.41°F) per decade depending on the location. Projected increases in SST for the region range from 0.6° to 0.7°C (1.1° to 1.3°F) by 2030, 0.9° to 1.4°C (1.6° to 2.5°F) by 2055, and 1.3° to 2.7°C (2.3° to 4.9°F) by 2090 under B1 and A2 emission scenarios (Australian Bure ...
Frequently asked questions about fossil fuels
... and stalling the progress of climate change policy for many years. Profiting from the exploitation of fossil fuels is their core business and they have shown that they are prepared to continue to do so even though it is literally costing the Earth. In the words of Bill McKibben (founder of 350.org, ...
... and stalling the progress of climate change policy for many years. Profiting from the exploitation of fossil fuels is their core business and they have shown that they are prepared to continue to do so even though it is literally costing the Earth. In the words of Bill McKibben (founder of 350.org, ...
DOC
... How Has Concentration of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Changed Since the Industrial Revolution? In this exploration, you will watch a video of an animated graph that traces the 800,000-year history of atmospheric CO2. This video was developed by NOAA’s Earth System Research Laboratory’s Global Monitori ...
... How Has Concentration of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Changed Since the Industrial Revolution? In this exploration, you will watch a video of an animated graph that traces the 800,000-year history of atmospheric CO2. This video was developed by NOAA’s Earth System Research Laboratory’s Global Monitori ...
- UNDP Climate Change Adaptation
... they are interviewing, and implies a special responsibility to look at local events and cases within their own frames of reference, minimizing researcher bias (Atkinson 1988; Martello and Jasanoff 2004). Interestingly, the results below are almost unequivocally positive about the ICCR project, but t ...
... they are interviewing, and implies a special responsibility to look at local events and cases within their own frames of reference, minimizing researcher bias (Atkinson 1988; Martello and Jasanoff 2004). Interestingly, the results below are almost unequivocally positive about the ICCR project, but t ...
On the persistent spread in snow-albedo feedback
... Eq. (1), the variations in it from model to model are negligible. Therefore it is not discussed in this work.) The magnitude of the second term is determined by the combined strength of the snow cover and snow metamorphosis feedbacks described above. We note that in some cases, changes in surface al ...
... Eq. (1), the variations in it from model to model are negligible. Therefore it is not discussed in this work.) The magnitude of the second term is determined by the combined strength of the snow cover and snow metamorphosis feedbacks described above. We note that in some cases, changes in surface al ...
Climate Change Risk Analysis: Assessment of Future Natural
... Based on the above assessment, the following are the natural disaster threats and hazards that are likely to occur in Springfield as a result of climate change: 1) rising temperatures and heat waves, 2) increased precipitation and flooding, and 3) extreme storm events (which would also result in flo ...
... Based on the above assessment, the following are the natural disaster threats and hazards that are likely to occur in Springfield as a result of climate change: 1) rising temperatures and heat waves, 2) increased precipitation and flooding, and 3) extreme storm events (which would also result in flo ...
Cloud Feedbacks Found to Amplify Global Warming
... Cloud simulations and cloud–climate feedbacks in the tropical and subtropical eastern Pacific region in 16 state-of-the-art coupled global climate models (GCMs) and in the International Pacific Research Center (IPRC) Regional Atmospheric Model (iRAM) are examined. The authors find that the simulatio ...
... Cloud simulations and cloud–climate feedbacks in the tropical and subtropical eastern Pacific region in 16 state-of-the-art coupled global climate models (GCMs) and in the International Pacific Research Center (IPRC) Regional Atmospheric Model (iRAM) are examined. The authors find that the simulatio ...
Climate Change Adaptation for Smallholder Farmers in Southeast Asia
... 1.1 What is climate change? Climate change, defined as any change in the average daily weather pattern over an extended period of time (typically decades or longer) whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity (Easterling et al. 2007, IPCC 2007a), is happening now, and is alre ...
... 1.1 What is climate change? Climate change, defined as any change in the average daily weather pattern over an extended period of time (typically decades or longer) whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity (Easterling et al. 2007, IPCC 2007a), is happening now, and is alre ...
Extreme climate events and wet grasslands: plant traits for
... Plant responses may be either positive or negative and will modify competitive relations between species, which may be crucial in wet grasslands, where a diversity of perennial species co-exist. A combination of decreasing rainfall and higher temperatures predicted under many climate change scenario ...
... Plant responses may be either positive or negative and will modify competitive relations between species, which may be crucial in wet grasslands, where a diversity of perennial species co-exist. A combination of decreasing rainfall and higher temperatures predicted under many climate change scenario ...
Global surface temperatures over the past two millennia
... longer) on which the reconstructions are most reliable, given the possible uncertainties in annual dating for certain proxy data used (NH records #5, 7, 8 and SH record #4 and 5). [22] A flawed recent study [Soon and Baliunas, 2003, hereafter referred to as ‘SB03’] compels us to stress two points wh ...
... longer) on which the reconstructions are most reliable, given the possible uncertainties in annual dating for certain proxy data used (NH records #5, 7, 8 and SH record #4 and 5). [22] A flawed recent study [Soon and Baliunas, 2003, hereafter referred to as ‘SB03’] compels us to stress two points wh ...
Perceptions and responses to climate policy risks among California
... A number of independent variables were considered including Climate Change Experience, Past Policy Experience, Climate Change Belief and Climate Change Risk. Past Policy Experience was measured by assessing a farmer’s overall perspective on four past environmental policies (Table 2). Farmers were as ...
... A number of independent variables were considered including Climate Change Experience, Past Policy Experience, Climate Change Belief and Climate Change Risk. Past Policy Experience was measured by assessing a farmer’s overall perspective on four past environmental policies (Table 2). Farmers were as ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).