Plankton dynamics under different climatic conditions in space and
... Mediterranean, southern Africa and Asia and the Sahel, have experienced decreased precipitation. Due to the temperature rise over the recent decades, more precipitation has fallen as rain rather than snow in mid- and highlatitude regions. All these trends are predicted to continue under current clim ...
... Mediterranean, southern Africa and Asia and the Sahel, have experienced decreased precipitation. Due to the temperature rise over the recent decades, more precipitation has fallen as rain rather than snow in mid- and highlatitude regions. All these trends are predicted to continue under current clim ...
Small global-mean cooling due to volcanic radiative forcing
... Received: 18 September 2015 / Accepted: 19 February 2016 © The Author(s) 2016. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com ...
... Received: 18 September 2015 / Accepted: 19 February 2016 © The Author(s) 2016. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com ...
Intraspecific consistency and geographic variability in temporal
... changes in response to climate change. However, the spatial variability of phenological changes, as well as their intraspecific consistency, remains largely unexplored. Here we analysed 672 estimates of change in first arrival dates of migratory birds and 289 estimates of mean/median arrival dates, ...
... changes in response to climate change. However, the spatial variability of phenological changes, as well as their intraspecific consistency, remains largely unexplored. Here we analysed 672 estimates of change in first arrival dates of migratory birds and 289 estimates of mean/median arrival dates, ...
Climate change impacts on Yangtze River discharge at the Three
... http://climexp.knmi.nl at the time of download, that contained both precipitation and air temperature(Birkinshaw, 2017). Table 3 details these experiments from 35 different GCMs, with several runs available for some of them. The downloaded CMIP5 outputs had been previously regridded and data were av ...
... http://climexp.knmi.nl at the time of download, that contained both precipitation and air temperature(Birkinshaw, 2017). Table 3 details these experiments from 35 different GCMs, with several runs available for some of them. The downloaded CMIP5 outputs had been previously regridded and data were av ...
PDF
... variables such as age, gender, ethnicity, educational attainment are often cited in the literature as being related to the ability to cope with risk (1PCC, 2007). These variables can affect adaptation to the changes and variations to the climate in different ways. For instance, age can be an indicat ...
... variables such as age, gender, ethnicity, educational attainment are often cited in the literature as being related to the ability to cope with risk (1PCC, 2007). These variables can affect adaptation to the changes and variations to the climate in different ways. For instance, age can be an indicat ...
Developing an `integrated` approach to
... landscape to such a degree, that habitats over most of the region have been altered in some way, degraded, or removed entirely. Although many of these changes have resulted in negative impacts for European fauna and flora, some species have benefited, and indeed increased their distribution and abun ...
... landscape to such a degree, that habitats over most of the region have been altered in some way, degraded, or removed entirely. Although many of these changes have resulted in negative impacts for European fauna and flora, some species have benefited, and indeed increased their distribution and abun ...
Presentation
... 22Department of Earth & Environmental Engineering, Columbia University Department of Earth & Environmental Engineering, Columbia University ...
... 22Department of Earth & Environmental Engineering, Columbia University Department of Earth & Environmental Engineering, Columbia University ...
Temperature and Heat-Related Mortality Trends in the Sonoran and
... in both Mexico and the United States [10]. The southwestern region of the United States is projected to experience the largest increase in population over the next decade and a significant increase in the frequency of extreme heat events [11]. Northwestern Mexico has the highest rate of mortality re ...
... in both Mexico and the United States [10]. The southwestern region of the United States is projected to experience the largest increase in population over the next decade and a significant increase in the frequency of extreme heat events [11]. Northwestern Mexico has the highest rate of mortality re ...
Flood risk and climate change: global and regional perspectives
... The Special Report on “Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation” of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), here abbreviated to SREX report (Field et al. 2012), critically assessed the recent scientific literature on climate change and the ...
... The Special Report on “Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation” of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), here abbreviated to SREX report (Field et al. 2012), critically assessed the recent scientific literature on climate change and the ...
The Role of Stochastic Forcing on the Behavior of Thermohaline
... formation in climate models suggest there is a cooling with a maximum of 10 K over the nordic seas, while the spatial extent of the cooling is model dependent.8 In the last decade some efforts have been made to measure the magnitude of this circulation and even to determine if there is a diminishing ...
... formation in climate models suggest there is a cooling with a maximum of 10 K over the nordic seas, while the spatial extent of the cooling is model dependent.8 In the last decade some efforts have been made to measure the magnitude of this circulation and even to determine if there is a diminishing ...
Official PDF , 34 pages
... assessment report of the Inter Governmental panel of Climate Change (IPCC AR4), a clear consensus exists on a warming trend in the larger Ganges Brahmaputra Meghna (GBM) basin in South Asia where Bangladesh is located; with increases of 1 to 3 C by 2050. For precipitation in the GBM basin, estimate ...
... assessment report of the Inter Governmental panel of Climate Change (IPCC AR4), a clear consensus exists on a warming trend in the larger Ganges Brahmaputra Meghna (GBM) basin in South Asia where Bangladesh is located; with increases of 1 to 3 C by 2050. For precipitation in the GBM basin, estimate ...
Integrated Climate Change Strategies for
... the last 100 years. Various scenarios and forecasts by the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which is the most reputable international body for climate change issues (uniting over 2500 scientists from 130 countries, including Russia), suggest the temperature on Earth may raise by between ...
... the last 100 years. Various scenarios and forecasts by the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which is the most reputable international body for climate change issues (uniting over 2500 scientists from 130 countries, including Russia), suggest the temperature on Earth may raise by between ...
executive_summary
... The Skagit River delta has evolved over time due to both human and natural processes. Human activities such as construction of dikes and levees have influenced the formation of distributaries (dominant flow paths) that deliver most of the sediments and river flow to the delta, isolating numerous lar ...
... The Skagit River delta has evolved over time due to both human and natural processes. Human activities such as construction of dikes and levees have influenced the formation of distributaries (dominant flow paths) that deliver most of the sediments and river flow to the delta, isolating numerous lar ...
Climate change increases the drought risk in Central European
... Though the decrease is moderate in absolute terms, ranging from –50 to –100 mm, it indicates a substantial drying of climate in southern Slovakia and throughout Hungary. When expressed in relative terms, these changes amount to reductions of up to 25% for southern Hungary, with most of Slovakia expe ...
... Though the decrease is moderate in absolute terms, ranging from –50 to –100 mm, it indicates a substantial drying of climate in southern Slovakia and throughout Hungary. When expressed in relative terms, these changes amount to reductions of up to 25% for southern Hungary, with most of Slovakia expe ...
Engineering solutions for coastal infrastructure
... or increased terrestrial flooding would also have financial implications. A particular issue of concern is the performance of stormwater infrastructure, which is sensitive to both increased storm runoff and rising sea level. (Although water supply ...
... or increased terrestrial flooding would also have financial implications. A particular issue of concern is the performance of stormwater infrastructure, which is sensitive to both increased storm runoff and rising sea level. (Although water supply ...
Climate Change in Levelock, Alaska
... landscape including river erosion that has resulted in the loss of historic sites and infrastructure, and erosion expedited by vehicle traffic that has converted shrub tundra and lichens to sand dunes. Climate change is impacting the landscape and the ecosystem in the Levelock area and has the poten ...
... landscape including river erosion that has resulted in the loss of historic sites and infrastructure, and erosion expedited by vehicle traffic that has converted shrub tundra and lichens to sand dunes. Climate change is impacting the landscape and the ecosystem in the Levelock area and has the poten ...
The trade-off between intra- and intergenerational equity in climate
... intragenerational and intergenerational. The first is mainly about how we should distribute the burdens within a generation, either within the generation living today or in the future, see Kverndokk and Rose (2008). Examples of this can be; who would suffer from climate change (inaction) and how sho ...
... intragenerational and intergenerational. The first is mainly about how we should distribute the burdens within a generation, either within the generation living today or in the future, see Kverndokk and Rose (2008). Examples of this can be; who would suffer from climate change (inaction) and how sho ...
Changing role of local institutions to enable individual and collective
... between socio-economic inequalities and ecological sustainability related to forest commons, found that socio-economic inequalities had negative effects in forest outcomes; however, such inequalities were found to be significantly reduced where local institutions were effectively functioning with co ...
... between socio-economic inequalities and ecological sustainability related to forest commons, found that socio-economic inequalities had negative effects in forest outcomes; however, such inequalities were found to be significantly reduced where local institutions were effectively functioning with co ...
Climate change increases the drought risk in Central European forests
... Though the decrease is moderate in absolute terms, ranging from –50 to –100 mm, it indicates a substantial drying of climate in southern Slovakia and throughout Hungary. When expressed in relative terms, these changes amount to reductions of up to 25% for southern Hungary, with most of Slovakia expe ...
... Though the decrease is moderate in absolute terms, ranging from –50 to –100 mm, it indicates a substantial drying of climate in southern Slovakia and throughout Hungary. When expressed in relative terms, these changes amount to reductions of up to 25% for southern Hungary, with most of Slovakia expe ...
Alpine flora dynamics Бa critical review of responses
... has increased by 60170% since the 1950s and later. Some of the invading species are new to the alpine tundra, with more silvine and thermophilic properties than the extant alpine flora. Not a single species of the original flora has disappeared from any of the summits. This circumstance is discusse ...
... has increased by 60170% since the 1950s and later. Some of the invading species are new to the alpine tundra, with more silvine and thermophilic properties than the extant alpine flora. Not a single species of the original flora has disappeared from any of the summits. This circumstance is discusse ...
The Promises and Perils of Geoengineering Simon Nicholson
... mechanical arrays. There is, ultimately, no shortage of schemes for drawing down the planet’s surfeit of atmospheric carbon. The question then becomes where to put it and whether the carbon will stay where it is deposited. What was once thought to be the easy part of the “carbon capture and storage” ...
... mechanical arrays. There is, ultimately, no shortage of schemes for drawing down the planet’s surfeit of atmospheric carbon. The question then becomes where to put it and whether the carbon will stay where it is deposited. What was once thought to be the easy part of the “carbon capture and storage” ...
2012 Annual Report on the Monitoring of
... streamflow, there are natural gradients of environmental vulnerabilities to the effects of these changes, conferring greater or lesser resistance to warming and loss of snow cover including ...
... streamflow, there are natural gradients of environmental vulnerabilities to the effects of these changes, conferring greater or lesser resistance to warming and loss of snow cover including ...
Global Warming Answers - smallworldbigthoughts-eub-geo
... falls as snow on the Greenland and Antarctic ice caps) than there is water that flows to the seas from melting glaciers. Since the 1970s, the glaciers of the Arctic, Greenland, and the Antarctic have ceased to retreat, and have started to grow. On January 18, 2002, the journal Science published the ...
... falls as snow on the Greenland and Antarctic ice caps) than there is water that flows to the seas from melting glaciers. Since the 1970s, the glaciers of the Arctic, Greenland, and the Antarctic have ceased to retreat, and have started to grow. On January 18, 2002, the journal Science published the ...
The Potential Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture in Puerto Rico
... • Historical data from Adjuntas and Mayagüez indicated significant increasing trend in air temperature •Historical data from Lajas did not indicate a significant trend in air temperature. The historical temperature data at Lajas may have been influenced by land cover/land use around the weather stat ...
... • Historical data from Adjuntas and Mayagüez indicated significant increasing trend in air temperature •Historical data from Lajas did not indicate a significant trend in air temperature. The historical temperature data at Lajas may have been influenced by land cover/land use around the weather stat ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).