CHAPTER 2: Forests
... impacts determined from General Circulation Models (GCMs) and other scientific research. Analysis of these existing and future non-climate threats applied together with an overlay of climate change impacts for a particular forest type or ecoregion will help conservationists understand what protectio ...
... impacts determined from General Circulation Models (GCMs) and other scientific research. Analysis of these existing and future non-climate threats applied together with an overlay of climate change impacts for a particular forest type or ecoregion will help conservationists understand what protectio ...
desertification in africa - university of nairobi staff profiles
... desertification challenges must therefore be integrated into the national environment planning, poverty reduction and sustainable development strategies. Extent of Desertification in Africa The human population in Africa's ASAL has doubled in the past three decades to nearly 400 million and continue ...
... desertification challenges must therefore be integrated into the national environment planning, poverty reduction and sustainable development strategies. Extent of Desertification in Africa The human population in Africa's ASAL has doubled in the past three decades to nearly 400 million and continue ...
Adaptation to Climate Change: Evidence from US Agriculture
... weather. Long run adaptations appear to have mitigated less than about half of the shortThe within-county standard deviation of days of exposure to “extreme” temperatures above 29◦ C is 30, meaning a 1 standard deviation increase in exposure would reduce yields by 15%. ...
... weather. Long run adaptations appear to have mitigated less than about half of the shortThe within-county standard deviation of days of exposure to “extreme” temperatures above 29◦ C is 30, meaning a 1 standard deviation increase in exposure would reduce yields by 15%. ...
Title: Farmers` relations to climate variabilities and changes: the
... favourable temperature in spring, allowing early arrival on markets. Cold winters and frequent wind also prevent from diseases in particular for vegetable crops. This favourable climate, together with a good network of irrigation canals and an early development of the railway allowed the region to ...
... favourable temperature in spring, allowing early arrival on markets. Cold winters and frequent wind also prevent from diseases in particular for vegetable crops. This favourable climate, together with a good network of irrigation canals and an early development of the railway allowed the region to ...
biodiversity and ground-level ozone
... An extensive evidence base for effects of O3 on temperate and boreal forests has been derived from a combination of field observations, chamber studies and long-term field exposure experiments. Current O3 concentrations are estimated to reduce biomass of young trees by 7%, but this varies significan ...
... An extensive evidence base for effects of O3 on temperate and boreal forests has been derived from a combination of field observations, chamber studies and long-term field exposure experiments. Current O3 concentrations are estimated to reduce biomass of young trees by 7%, but this varies significan ...
![6 February 2007. This meeting[2] discussed a background](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/009902121_1-108b49c3565409d0074af4dff6c0bc18-300x300.png)
6 February 2007. This meeting[2] discussed a background
... necessitate the gathering of climate data sets and climate projections from various models for different regions/properties. This will better enable understanding of the links between climate change and local impacts, including the relevance of particular environmental variables to different propert ...
... necessitate the gathering of climate data sets and climate projections from various models for different regions/properties. This will better enable understanding of the links between climate change and local impacts, including the relevance of particular environmental variables to different propert ...
PDF
... to delay extraction only to later apply the water to the same cropping activities at a later date with the same productivity. Climate changes may significantly affect the long-term implications of this prior research. A recent national USDA-ARS study (Malcolm et al., 2012) found that within a given ...
... to delay extraction only to later apply the water to the same cropping activities at a later date with the same productivity. Climate changes may significantly affect the long-term implications of this prior research. A recent national USDA-ARS study (Malcolm et al., 2012) found that within a given ...
Document
... are determined by their atmosphere and their relationship to the sun. Because Venus is much closer to the sun than Earth is, it is much hotter. The surface temperature of Venus is 887°F (475°C)–hot enough to melt lead. Venus is subject to an extreme greenhouse effect. Its atmosphere traps more heat ...
... are determined by their atmosphere and their relationship to the sun. Because Venus is much closer to the sun than Earth is, it is much hotter. The surface temperature of Venus is 887°F (475°C)–hot enough to melt lead. Venus is subject to an extreme greenhouse effect. Its atmosphere traps more heat ...
Industrialized-Country Mitigation Policy and Resource Transfers to
... actors are willing to move forward if they know that others are cooperating as well and that they will be interacting into the future (Axelrod and Keohane 1985; Mitchell 1998). We base our arguments on the premise that self-interest limits the range of policies that governments are willing to pursue ...
... actors are willing to move forward if they know that others are cooperating as well and that they will be interacting into the future (Axelrod and Keohane 1985; Mitchell 1998). We base our arguments on the premise that self-interest limits the range of policies that governments are willing to pursue ...
Climate Change and Public Health: MALARIA
... acidification, the melting of alpine glaciers and polar blanket over the Earth. The greenhouse gas layer (made up of ice caps, sea level rise and associated flooding, carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases including water species extinction, increased frequency and severity vapor, methane, chloro ...
... acidification, the melting of alpine glaciers and polar blanket over the Earth. The greenhouse gas layer (made up of ice caps, sea level rise and associated flooding, carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases including water species extinction, increased frequency and severity vapor, methane, chloro ...
Projected poleward shift of king penguins
... Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) multi-model dataset, available on the PCMDI website at http://www-pcmdi. llnl.gov/. For each climate model, we downloaded SST projections forced by three different scenarios (B1, A1B and A2; see electronic supplementary material, §S2 for details). These three ...
... Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) multi-model dataset, available on the PCMDI website at http://www-pcmdi. llnl.gov/. For each climate model, we downloaded SST projections forced by three different scenarios (B1, A1B and A2; see electronic supplementary material, §S2 for details). These three ...
PDF
... and two anonymous referees. Hoyt Bleakley, Tim Conley, Tony Fisher, Michael Hanemann, Enrico Moretti, Marc Nerlove, and Wolfram Schlenker provided insightful comments. We are also grateful for comments from seminar participants at Maryland, Princeton, Yale, the NBER Environmental Economics Summer In ...
... and two anonymous referees. Hoyt Bleakley, Tim Conley, Tony Fisher, Michael Hanemann, Enrico Moretti, Marc Nerlove, and Wolfram Schlenker provided insightful comments. We are also grateful for comments from seminar participants at Maryland, Princeton, Yale, the NBER Environmental Economics Summer In ...
Climate change and marine plankton
... must strive to understand how a changing climate (the weather averaged over a long period of time) will affect the biota not only in terrestrial systems, but also in marine environments [1]. Oceans have a major role in the global carbon cycle and so directly impact the pace and extent of climate cha ...
... must strive to understand how a changing climate (the weather averaged over a long period of time) will affect the biota not only in terrestrial systems, but also in marine environments [1]. Oceans have a major role in the global carbon cycle and so directly impact the pace and extent of climate cha ...
Climate change and marine plankton Graeme C. Hays , Anthony J. Richardson
... must strive to understand how a changing climate (the weather averaged over a long period of time) will affect the biota not only in terrestrial systems, but also in marine environments [1]. Oceans have a major role in the global carbon cycle and so directly impact the pace and extent of climate cha ...
... must strive to understand how a changing climate (the weather averaged over a long period of time) will affect the biota not only in terrestrial systems, but also in marine environments [1]. Oceans have a major role in the global carbon cycle and so directly impact the pace and extent of climate cha ...
Responses of reference evapotranspiration to changes in
... Changes in stomatal resistance in response to increased CO2 concentration were not evaluated, nor were the changes in wind velocity and solar radiation. Different scenarios were used for estimation of future ETo in different river basins as a consequence of trends in the maximum and minimum temperat ...
... Changes in stomatal resistance in response to increased CO2 concentration were not evaluated, nor were the changes in wind velocity and solar radiation. Different scenarios were used for estimation of future ETo in different river basins as a consequence of trends in the maximum and minimum temperat ...
Joint Comments to Army Corps of Engineers
... international spillovers to the United States, U.S. benefits from foreign reciprocal actions, and the extraterritorial interests of U.S. citizens including financial interests and altruism. • Fourth, reliance on a ...
... international spillovers to the United States, U.S. benefits from foreign reciprocal actions, and the extraterritorial interests of U.S. citizens including financial interests and altruism. • Fourth, reliance on a ...
vulnerability analysis to climate change in the caribbean belize
... Current and future effects of climate change are constantly more complex, creating more pressure on ecosystems and affecting the lifestyles of the people who depend on natural resources under constantly changing conditions. For this reason coastal communities need to anticipate and prepare for chang ...
... Current and future effects of climate change are constantly more complex, creating more pressure on ecosystems and affecting the lifestyles of the people who depend on natural resources under constantly changing conditions. For this reason coastal communities need to anticipate and prepare for chang ...
PDF
... shocks are generally larger on cereals than on export crops. For each archetype, the magnitude of shocks also decreases with each level of adaptation. Climate change will affect agriculture through its effect on world prices as well; individual crop price changes are due to global changes in product ...
... shocks are generally larger on cereals than on export crops. For each archetype, the magnitude of shocks also decreases with each level of adaptation. Climate change will affect agriculture through its effect on world prices as well; individual crop price changes are due to global changes in product ...
Climate Change and College Students
... thinking astray on the issue of global climate change, such as the distinction between weather and climate (Lombardi and Sinatra 2010). As an example, when students are asked about their views on climate change, they often recall from their personal experience very cold periods and use their recolle ...
... thinking astray on the issue of global climate change, such as the distinction between weather and climate (Lombardi and Sinatra 2010). As an example, when students are asked about their views on climate change, they often recall from their personal experience very cold periods and use their recolle ...
Climate Change and Sea Level Rise
... mm per year, as compared to the average rate of 1.8 [1.3 to 2.3] mm per year from 1961 to 2003 (IPCC, 2007); and significantly higher than the average rate of 0.1 to 0.2 mm/yr increase recorded by geological data over the last 3,000 years.1 Even if greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were stabilized in t ...
... mm per year, as compared to the average rate of 1.8 [1.3 to 2.3] mm per year from 1961 to 2003 (IPCC, 2007); and significantly higher than the average rate of 0.1 to 0.2 mm/yr increase recorded by geological data over the last 3,000 years.1 Even if greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were stabilized in t ...
Studying Climate Change: Proxy Indicators
... • Proxy indicators = types of indirect evidence that serve as substitutes for direct measurements - Ice caps, ice sheets, and glaciers hold clues to past climate - Trapped bubbles in ice cores show atmospheric ...
... • Proxy indicators = types of indirect evidence that serve as substitutes for direct measurements - Ice caps, ice sheets, and glaciers hold clues to past climate - Trapped bubbles in ice cores show atmospheric ...
greening wildlife documentary
... genre in the 1980s, to the construction of aware consumers in programmes like Saving Planet Earth and The Truth About Climate Change – has been shaped by wider environmental politics and other media representations of climate change. The greening of wildlife documentary coincided with the release of ...
... genre in the 1980s, to the construction of aware consumers in programmes like Saving Planet Earth and The Truth About Climate Change – has been shaped by wider environmental politics and other media representations of climate change. The greening of wildlife documentary coincided with the release of ...
Yes We Can Climate Plan - Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand
... Zealand’s net annual greenhouse gas emissions to no more than 40 Mt of CO2-equivalent by 2030, even if there was a five year transition period for the farming industry. This is an emissions reduction of at least 40 percent below the 1990 gross emissions level and would put us broadly on a straight-l ...
... Zealand’s net annual greenhouse gas emissions to no more than 40 Mt of CO2-equivalent by 2030, even if there was a five year transition period for the farming industry. This is an emissions reduction of at least 40 percent below the 1990 gross emissions level and would put us broadly on a straight-l ...
Overpeck and Cole, 2006
... 2.3. Millennial-Scale Abrupt Climate Events Abrupt shifts between warm and cold states punctuate the interval between 20 to 75 ka) in the Greenland isotope record, with shifts of 5◦ –15◦ C occurring in decades or less (Figure 1). These alternations were identified in some of the earliest ice core is ...
... 2.3. Millennial-Scale Abrupt Climate Events Abrupt shifts between warm and cold states punctuate the interval between 20 to 75 ka) in the Greenland isotope record, with shifts of 5◦ –15◦ C occurring in decades or less (Figure 1). These alternations were identified in some of the earliest ice core is ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).