Decision Making Under Climate Uncertainty
... Analytic processing involves the neo-cortex, an evolutionary newer structure found only in mammals and in expanded form only in primates, especially humans. Analytic processing is effortful, slow, requires conscious awareness and knowledge of rules, e.g., probability calculus, Bayesian updating, for ...
... Analytic processing involves the neo-cortex, an evolutionary newer structure found only in mammals and in expanded form only in primates, especially humans. Analytic processing is effortful, slow, requires conscious awareness and knowledge of rules, e.g., probability calculus, Bayesian updating, for ...
Climate Conventions and Africa/Ethiopia - EfD
... Climate change is one of the main problems affecting the global environment that is critical to human welfare. Climate change refers to a long-run increase in average surface temperature which goes under the name “global warming” or sometimes the “greenhouse1 effect”. It is caused by increases in gr ...
... Climate change is one of the main problems affecting the global environment that is critical to human welfare. Climate change refers to a long-run increase in average surface temperature which goes under the name “global warming” or sometimes the “greenhouse1 effect”. It is caused by increases in gr ...
Addendum to Internal Document 336
... hourly wind speed and wind direction. Although there are minor differences at each location, the generated wind direction matches the observed weather signal well. The differences are due to the simplistic method used where one hour is not dependent on the next and because the interpolation does no ...
... hourly wind speed and wind direction. Although there are minor differences at each location, the generated wind direction matches the observed weather signal well. The differences are due to the simplistic method used where one hour is not dependent on the next and because the interpolation does no ...
early human health effects of climate change and stratospheric
... Zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis ...
... Zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis ...
Comparing impacts of climate change on streamflow in four large
... results to the available literature sources on future projections of streamflow in Africa, namely De Wit and Stankiewicz (2006) and Strzepek and McCluskey (2007), and several projections for smaller regions. They generally found similar trends in the studies, with decreases in the Sahel region and s ...
... results to the available literature sources on future projections of streamflow in Africa, namely De Wit and Stankiewicz (2006) and Strzepek and McCluskey (2007), and several projections for smaller regions. They generally found similar trends in the studies, with decreases in the Sahel region and s ...
The Economics of "When" Flexibility in the Design of Greenhouse Gas
... climate policy goals are adopted, greater flexibility will mean greater cost-effectiveness in achieving them. Greater cost-effectiveness, in turn, will mean a greater likelihood that the policy will actually be followed and the goals achieved. The literature has identified several important types of ...
... climate policy goals are adopted, greater flexibility will mean greater cost-effectiveness in achieving them. Greater cost-effectiveness, in turn, will mean a greater likelihood that the policy will actually be followed and the goals achieved. The literature has identified several important types of ...
How does climate mitigation policy affect adaptation? An empirical
... habitat (Lawler et al., 2014; McGuire et al., 2016; Settele et al., 2015), and so developing an understanding of forest management decisions under both climate change and climate policy is essential for better understanding the impacts of climate change on ecosystem services. Second, our empirical a ...
... habitat (Lawler et al., 2014; McGuire et al., 2016; Settele et al., 2015), and so developing an understanding of forest management decisions under both climate change and climate policy is essential for better understanding the impacts of climate change on ecosystem services. Second, our empirical a ...
Adaptation to Climate Change in the Context of Sustainable
... in ecological, social or economic systems in response to actual or expected stimuli and their effects or impacts. This term refers to changes in processes, practices and structures to moderate potential damages or to benefit from opportunities associated with climate change” (IPCC 2001). The interna ...
... in ecological, social or economic systems in response to actual or expected stimuli and their effects or impacts. This term refers to changes in processes, practices and structures to moderate potential damages or to benefit from opportunities associated with climate change” (IPCC 2001). The interna ...
Physiology and Ecology to Inform Climate Adaptation Strategies for
... the Green Toad (Anaxyrus debilis; about 40° C); other species have lower thermal limits, such as the Northern Leopard Frog (Lithobates pipiens; about 36° C) found in parts of the Chihuahuan Desert (Brattstrom 1968). There is also variation between populations (Ralin and Rogers 1972); for example, Pa ...
... the Green Toad (Anaxyrus debilis; about 40° C); other species have lower thermal limits, such as the Northern Leopard Frog (Lithobates pipiens; about 36° C) found in parts of the Chihuahuan Desert (Brattstrom 1968). There is also variation between populations (Ralin and Rogers 1972); for example, Pa ...
DETR - Climate Change
... Government’s wider drive for a better quality of life, as well as economic and environmental modernisation. 10 The climate change programme builds on the solid foundation of action that has been taken over the last decade. The UK’s greenhouse gas emissions fell to about 9%1 below 1990 levels in 1998 ...
... Government’s wider drive for a better quality of life, as well as economic and environmental modernisation. 10 The climate change programme builds on the solid foundation of action that has been taken over the last decade. The UK’s greenhouse gas emissions fell to about 9%1 below 1990 levels in 1998 ...
WP C /Gap Analysis
... WP C i SIOS-PP: WP C covers the very important work of assessing the existing infrastructure in the light of the scientific topics which are to be addressed by SIOS and identifying needs for upgrading facilities and additional infrastructure. This is a process which was started in 2009 using Norweg ...
... WP C i SIOS-PP: WP C covers the very important work of assessing the existing infrastructure in the light of the scientific topics which are to be addressed by SIOS and identifying needs for upgrading facilities and additional infrastructure. This is a process which was started in 2009 using Norweg ...
Adaptation, migration or extirpation: climate change outcomes for
... response to historical changes in climate (potentially < 100 m per year) are unfortunate in light of model predictions of how fast tree species will need to migrate to track current climates under climate change scenarios. Tests of 14 combinations of GCMs and global SDMs show up to 100% of the model ...
... response to historical changes in climate (potentially < 100 m per year) are unfortunate in light of model predictions of how fast tree species will need to migrate to track current climates under climate change scenarios. Tests of 14 combinations of GCMs and global SDMs show up to 100% of the model ...
Farmers` Risk Perception towards Climate Change: A Case of the
... and resource economics. Risk is an unlikeable and subjective concept that may potentially result in individuals’ loss of values, and risk perception differs based on many factors. These factors contribute to an understanding of the overall risk perception, although they do not explain it all [15]. H ...
... and resource economics. Risk is an unlikeable and subjective concept that may potentially result in individuals’ loss of values, and risk perception differs based on many factors. These factors contribute to an understanding of the overall risk perception, although they do not explain it all [15]. H ...
LOCAL INSTITUTIONS IN NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
... sequestration and carbon substitution (Pokharel and Byrne 2009) which are all directly related to trees. But such technical solutions have social and policy dimensions--- through effective inclusion in decentralization programmes, local communities are able to play a big role in climate change mitig ...
... sequestration and carbon substitution (Pokharel and Byrne 2009) which are all directly related to trees. But such technical solutions have social and policy dimensions--- through effective inclusion in decentralization programmes, local communities are able to play a big role in climate change mitig ...
PDF
... To understand what effect it will have on global- and country-level markets, the geographic scope of inquiry must include the entire earth. In this study, we address these three elements: the spatial detail, the dynamic components, and the global scope. By addressing these issues specifically, we ad ...
... To understand what effect it will have on global- and country-level markets, the geographic scope of inquiry must include the entire earth. In this study, we address these three elements: the spatial detail, the dynamic components, and the global scope. By addressing these issues specifically, we ad ...
climate, water, and political-economic crises
... Evolution toward greater complexity in the ancient world was rarely characterized by a linear trend. Ancient societies would become more centralized and complex but only to a point before fragmenting into local systems. Years later movement toward greater centralization and complexity resumed until, ...
... Evolution toward greater complexity in the ancient world was rarely characterized by a linear trend. Ancient societies would become more centralized and complex but only to a point before fragmenting into local systems. Years later movement toward greater centralization and complexity resumed until, ...
Adaptation to Climate Change in the context of Sustainable
... in ecological, social or economic systems in response to actual or expected stimuli and their effects or impacts. This term refers to changes in processes, practices and structures to moderate potential damages or to benefit from opportunities associated with climate change” (IPCC 2001). The interna ...
... in ecological, social or economic systems in response to actual or expected stimuli and their effects or impacts. This term refers to changes in processes, practices and structures to moderate potential damages or to benefit from opportunities associated with climate change” (IPCC 2001). The interna ...
Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on
... "Conference of the Parties", "Convention", "Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change", "Montreal Protocol", "Parties present and voting", "Party" and "Party included in Annex I" are also explained in Article 1. Six types of greenhouse gases are included in Kyoto Protocol: carbon dioxide (CO2), meth ...
... "Conference of the Parties", "Convention", "Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change", "Montreal Protocol", "Parties present and voting", "Party" and "Party included in Annex I" are also explained in Article 1. Six types of greenhouse gases are included in Kyoto Protocol: carbon dioxide (CO2), meth ...
2010 - National Center for Science Education
... The Communication of Climate Science ___________________________________________ 68 45. A description of the most probable outcome best defines __________________________________ 69 46. A description of a possible outcome best defines a _______________________________________ 69 47. From the output ...
... The Communication of Climate Science ___________________________________________ 68 45. A description of the most probable outcome best defines __________________________________ 69 46. A description of a possible outcome best defines a _______________________________________ 69 47. From the output ...
Mainstreaming Climate Change in CAADP processes in
... 80’s it became apparent that the earth is undergoing a significant shift in climate. According to IPCC (2007), it has now been generally accepted that this climate change is indeed taking place, and is to a greater extent as a result of human activities. Most climate change models predict that globa ...
... 80’s it became apparent that the earth is undergoing a significant shift in climate. According to IPCC (2007), it has now been generally accepted that this climate change is indeed taking place, and is to a greater extent as a result of human activities. Most climate change models predict that globa ...
Climate change profile - SPC Climate Change Projects
... Aid Delivery and Donor Support FSM currently relies on development partners to supplement its national budget. Alongside foreign earnings, development aid from foreign governments and international financial institutions plays a key role in the social and economic development of FSM. International a ...
... Aid Delivery and Donor Support FSM currently relies on development partners to supplement its national budget. Alongside foreign earnings, development aid from foreign governments and international financial institutions plays a key role in the social and economic development of FSM. International a ...
Bolivia: Climate change, poverty and adaptation
... There are six other reasons why climate change is a matter of such great importance to Bolivia: ● Poverty and inequality: by many socioeconomic indicators, Bolivia is the poorest country in South America and one of the most unequal. Sixty five per cent of its population of about 10 million live in p ...
... There are six other reasons why climate change is a matter of such great importance to Bolivia: ● Poverty and inequality: by many socioeconomic indicators, Bolivia is the poorest country in South America and one of the most unequal. Sixty five per cent of its population of about 10 million live in p ...
Beyond the Limits - The Climate Institute
... temperature goal is to be met, the physical presence of such high concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere means some level of negative emissions is virtually unavoidable at this stage, even with very rapid emissions reductions between now and 2050. These negative emissions technologies ...
... temperature goal is to be met, the physical presence of such high concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere means some level of negative emissions is virtually unavoidable at this stage, even with very rapid emissions reductions between now and 2050. These negative emissions technologies ...
Blöschl, G., A. Viglione and A. Montanari (2013)
... of climate impacts on floods (Figure 2), the ‘top-down’ approach starts at the global scale and cascades information from emission scenarios of future societies to simulated climates using global and regional climate models, to runoff using hydrological models, to inundations using hydrodynamic model ...
... of climate impacts on floods (Figure 2), the ‘top-down’ approach starts at the global scale and cascades information from emission scenarios of future societies to simulated climates using global and regional climate models, to runoff using hydrological models, to inundations using hydrodynamic model ...
Assessment of impacts of agricultural and climate change scenarios
... provided. The model is comprised of climate, soil, hydrology, management, nutrient cycling and transport, pesticide fate and transport, and several other components. Release 622 also features enhanced algorithms that account for more accurate representation of important switchgrass and miscanthus gr ...
... provided. The model is comprised of climate, soil, hydrology, management, nutrient cycling and transport, pesticide fate and transport, and several other components. Release 622 also features enhanced algorithms that account for more accurate representation of important switchgrass and miscanthus gr ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).