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Eastern Equine Encephalitis June 2016
... immune to subsequent infection. Mammals, particularly horses and humans, are considered “dead end” hosts for the virus. Infected mammals may either remain asymptomatic or develop disease. Occasionally, infections in horses and humans become serious and result in encephalitis and death. The incubatio ...
... immune to subsequent infection. Mammals, particularly horses and humans, are considered “dead end” hosts for the virus. Infected mammals may either remain asymptomatic or develop disease. Occasionally, infections in horses and humans become serious and result in encephalitis and death. The incubatio ...
New Mexico State Cooperative Extension Service New Mexico FFA
... Equine exhibitors, their veterinarians, and horse show officials should be aware that the occurrence of disease incidents of significance in the State may result in alterations in the State Equine Entry Requirements. Occurrence of diseases or conditions that may lead to changes in entry requirements ...
... Equine exhibitors, their veterinarians, and horse show officials should be aware that the occurrence of disease incidents of significance in the State may result in alterations in the State Equine Entry Requirements. Occurrence of diseases or conditions that may lead to changes in entry requirements ...
A Population Model of Malaria Transmission According to Within
... Malaria is a vector-borne infectious disease which is caused by protozoan parasites. Symptoms are characterized by high fever, chills, u-like symptoms, and in many cases, death. Malaria shares many characteristics with other protozoan parasites, which cause diseases such as African trypanosomiasis ...
... Malaria is a vector-borne infectious disease which is caused by protozoan parasites. Symptoms are characterized by high fever, chills, u-like symptoms, and in many cases, death. Malaria shares many characteristics with other protozoan parasites, which cause diseases such as African trypanosomiasis ...
Common Non-surgical Diseases of the Canine Spine. In
... (vertebral osteomyelitis). Discospondylitis is more common in middle-aged large/giant breed dogs. Males are more commonly affected than females (ratio of 2:1). The most common sites affected are mid-thoracic vertebrae; C6-C7 and L7-S1. Aetiology Discospondylitis is a septic condition, usually spread ...
... (vertebral osteomyelitis). Discospondylitis is more common in middle-aged large/giant breed dogs. Males are more commonly affected than females (ratio of 2:1). The most common sites affected are mid-thoracic vertebrae; C6-C7 and L7-S1. Aetiology Discospondylitis is a septic condition, usually spread ...
avian adenovirus isolated from broiler affected with inclusion body
... V olume 7 N o . 2 J uly 2016 21. McFerran J.B. and Adair B. (1977). Avian adenovirusesa review. Avian Pathol 6(3): 189-217. 22. Nakamura K., Tanaka H., Mase M., Imada T. and Yamada M. (2002). Pancreatic necrosis and ventricular erosion ...
... V olume 7 N o . 2 J uly 2016 21. McFerran J.B. and Adair B. (1977). Avian adenovirusesa review. Avian Pathol 6(3): 189-217. 22. Nakamura K., Tanaka H., Mase M., Imada T. and Yamada M. (2002). Pancreatic necrosis and ventricular erosion ...
October 1999 – December 2000
... Journal of Comparative Pathology 2006: 134(4) 364-7 Effect of chronic FIV infection and efficacy of marbofloxacin treatment on Mycoplasma ...
... Journal of Comparative Pathology 2006: 134(4) 364-7 Effect of chronic FIV infection and efficacy of marbofloxacin treatment on Mycoplasma ...
The most important genital diseases of cattle
... both storage and enrichment (Bell, 1984). These techniques allow 9 5 % of the bacteria to survive for 48 h, with a m a x i m u m life of 6-7 days (reduced in the presence of contaminants). A pure culture of Campylobacter keeps for about 3 weeks in such media. Storage a n d / o r enrichment media sho ...
... both storage and enrichment (Bell, 1984). These techniques allow 9 5 % of the bacteria to survive for 48 h, with a m a x i m u m life of 6-7 days (reduced in the presence of contaminants). A pure culture of Campylobacter keeps for about 3 weeks in such media. Storage a n d / o r enrichment media sho ...
Infection Prevention and Control Issues in the Environment of Care
... The mission of Joint Commission Resources (JCR) is to continuously improve the safety and quality of health care in the United States and in the international community through the provision of education, publications, consultation, and evaluation services. Joint Commission Resources educational pro ...
... The mission of Joint Commission Resources (JCR) is to continuously improve the safety and quality of health care in the United States and in the international community through the provision of education, publications, consultation, and evaluation services. Joint Commission Resources educational pro ...
Enhancing Preparedness for West Nile Virus in Hong Kong
... encephalitis virus antigenic complex, which also includes Murray Valley Encephalitis and St Louis Encephalitis viruses, and Kunjin (a subtype of WNV) There are two genetic lineages of WNV, lineage I and II. Members of lineage I WNV are more widely distributed, responsible for the recent large outbre ...
... encephalitis virus antigenic complex, which also includes Murray Valley Encephalitis and St Louis Encephalitis viruses, and Kunjin (a subtype of WNV) There are two genetic lineages of WNV, lineage I and II. Members of lineage I WNV are more widely distributed, responsible for the recent large outbre ...
Resistance
... improve surveillance and control of antimicrobial resistance; promote mutual cooperation between all Directorates General and concerned Agencies and facilitate cooperation between Member States' on all aspects of AMR, consider further control options when appropriate; support research on the potenti ...
... improve surveillance and control of antimicrobial resistance; promote mutual cooperation between all Directorates General and concerned Agencies and facilitate cooperation between Member States' on all aspects of AMR, consider further control options when appropriate; support research on the potenti ...
Prevalence and distribution of intestinal parasites in stray dogs in
... a desert climate where temperatures during late spring, summer and early autumn vary from 36 °C to 50 °C with low humidity (Servicio Meteorológico Nacional 2010). In addition to high temperatures, these climate conditions lead to a moisture deficit which may slow or even suppress the development of ...
... a desert climate where temperatures during late spring, summer and early autumn vary from 36 °C to 50 °C with low humidity (Servicio Meteorológico Nacional 2010). In addition to high temperatures, these climate conditions lead to a moisture deficit which may slow or even suppress the development of ...
Risk assessment: a model for predicting cross
... 2005; Jones-Engel et al., 2001, 2003, 2005a,b; Schillaci et al., 2005]. However, worldwide, monkey temples may account for more human–NHP contact than any other context. Asia’s monkey temples (religious sites that over time have become associated with populations of free-ranging macaques) play an im ...
... 2005; Jones-Engel et al., 2001, 2003, 2005a,b; Schillaci et al., 2005]. However, worldwide, monkey temples may account for more human–NHP contact than any other context. Asia’s monkey temples (religious sites that over time have become associated with populations of free-ranging macaques) play an im ...
Lyme disease: etiology, pathogenesis, clinical courses, diagnostics
... in forested areas of Scandinavia, Central Europe, particularly in Germany, Austria and Slovenia [12,13]. Australia, Africa, South America and southern states of USA are considered free from LD [11]. In Poland, LD is the most common tick borne disease which creates serious epidemiological problems [1 ...
... in forested areas of Scandinavia, Central Europe, particularly in Germany, Austria and Slovenia [12,13]. Australia, Africa, South America and southern states of USA are considered free from LD [11]. In Poland, LD is the most common tick borne disease which creates serious epidemiological problems [1 ...
Detoxification
... Some toxins, specifically heavy metals such as lead and mercury, are not necessarily stored in the fat, nor can they be reliably removed by the above strategies. Rather, because they tend to chemically bond themselves into cells, they must be removed by a strong chemical 'magnet' in a process called ...
... Some toxins, specifically heavy metals such as lead and mercury, are not necessarily stored in the fat, nor can they be reliably removed by the above strategies. Rather, because they tend to chemically bond themselves into cells, they must be removed by a strong chemical 'magnet' in a process called ...
Tubo-ovarian Actinomycosis Complicated with Hepatic Abscess
... Actinomycosis is a chronic, suppurative, granulomatous diseases characterized by extensive necrosis and abscess formation. Both hepatic and pelvic actinomycosis are rare diseases. Tubo-ovarian actinomycosis complicated with hepatic abscess is rarely reported. We present a 47 year old woman with a hi ...
... Actinomycosis is a chronic, suppurative, granulomatous diseases characterized by extensive necrosis and abscess formation. Both hepatic and pelvic actinomycosis are rare diseases. Tubo-ovarian actinomycosis complicated with hepatic abscess is rarely reported. We present a 47 year old woman with a hi ...
T Tritrichomonas foetus: A New Agent of Feline Diarrhea
... foetus can cause considerable inflammation in the colon, and it often takes several weeks for diarrhea to completely resolve after the organisms are eradicated. If diarrhea persists for more than 14 days after treatment, the cat should be retested for T. foetus. If test results are negative for T. f ...
... foetus can cause considerable inflammation in the colon, and it often takes several weeks for diarrhea to completely resolve after the organisms are eradicated. If diarrhea persists for more than 14 days after treatment, the cat should be retested for T. foetus. If test results are negative for T. f ...
Directions for use - Veterinary Medicines Directorate
... Adverse reactions (frequency and seriousness) Some horses carrying heavy infection of Onchocerca microfilariae have experienced reactions with swelling and itching following dosing, assumed to be the result of death of large numbers of microfilariae. These signs resolve within a few days but symptom ...
... Adverse reactions (frequency and seriousness) Some horses carrying heavy infection of Onchocerca microfilariae have experienced reactions with swelling and itching following dosing, assumed to be the result of death of large numbers of microfilariae. These signs resolve within a few days but symptom ...
The risk of carriage of Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes
... Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes are foodborne pathogens of global importance. We assessed their risks and associated factors in a highly dynamic population of animals. Animal and environmental samples were collected from dairy cattle, sheep, camel and chickens at either the farms or the a ...
... Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes are foodborne pathogens of global importance. We assessed their risks and associated factors in a highly dynamic population of animals. Animal and environmental samples were collected from dairy cattle, sheep, camel and chickens at either the farms or the a ...
Fasciolosis
Fasciolosis (also known as fascioliasis, fasciolasis, distomatosis and liver rot) is a parasitic worm infection caused by the common liver fluke Fasciola hepatica as well as by Fasciola gigantica. The disease is a plant-borne trematode zoonosis, and is classified as a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD). It affects humans, but its main host is ruminants such as cattle and sheep. The disease progresses through four distinct phases; an initial incubation phase of between a few days up to three months with little or no symptoms; an invasive or acute phase which may manifest with: fever, malaise, abdominal pain, gastrointestinal symptoms, urticaria, anemia, jaundice, and respiratory symptoms. The disease later progresses to a latent phase with less symptoms and ultimately into a chronic or obstructive phase months to years later. In the chronic state the disease causes inflammation of the bile ducts, gall bladder and may cause gall stones as well as fibrosis. While chronic inflammation is connected to increased cancer rates it is unclear whether fasciolosis is associated with increased cancer risk.Up to half of those infected display no symptoms, and diagnosis is difficult because eggs are often missed in fecal examination. The methods of detection are through fecal examination, parasite-specific antibody detection, radiological diagnosis as well as laparotomy. In case of a suspected outbreak it may be useful to keep track of dietary history, which is also useful for exclusion of differential diagnoses. Fecal examination is generally not helpful because eggs can seldom be detected in the chronic phase of the infection and detection of eggs. Eggs appear in the feces first between 9–11 weeks post-infection. The cause of this is unknown, and the it is also difficult to distinguish between the different species of fasciola as well distinguishing them from Echinostomes and Fasciolopsis. Most immunodiagnostic tests detect infection with very high sensitivity and as concentration drops after treatment it is a very good diagnostic method. Clinically it is not possible to differentiate from other liver and bile diseases. Radiological methods can detect lesions in both acute and chronic infection, while laparotomy will detect lesions and also occasionally eggs and live worms.Because of the size of the parasite (adult F. hepatica: 20–30 × 13 mm, adult F. gigantica: 25–75×12 mm) fasciolosis is a big concern. The amount of symptoms depend on how many worms and what stage the infection is in. The death rate is significant in both sheep and cattle, but generally low among humans. Treatment with triclabendazole is highly effective against the adult worms as well as various developing stages. Praziquantel is not effective, and older drugs such as bithionol are moderately effective but also cause more side effects. Secondary bacterial infection causing cholangitis is also a concern and can be treated with antibiotics, and toxaemia may be treated with prednisolone.Humans are infected by eating watergrown plants, primarily wild grown watercress in Europe and morning glory in Asia. Infection may also occur by drinking contaminated water with floating young fasciola or when using utensils washed with contaminated water. Cultivated plants do not spread the disease in the same capacity. Human infection is rare even if the infection rate is high among animals. Especially high rates of human infection have been found in Bolivia, Peru and Egypt, and this may be due to consumption of certain foods. No vaccine is available to protect people against Fasciola infection. Preventative measures are primarily treating and immunization the livestock – which are required for the live cycle of the worms. Veterinary vaccines are in development and their use is being considered by a number of countries on account of the risk to human health and economic losses resulting from livestock infection. Other methods include using molluscicides to decrease the amount of snails that act as vectors, but it is not practical. Educational methods to decrease consumption of wild watercress and other waterplants has been shown to work in areas with a high disease burden. In some areas of the world where fascioliasis is found (endemic), special control programs are in place or are planned. The types of control measures depend on the setting (such as epidemiologic, ecologic, and cultural factors). Strict control of the growth and sale of watercress and other edible water plants is important.Individual people can protect themselves by not eating raw watercress and other water plants, especially from endemic grazing areas. Travelers to areas with poor sanitation should avoid food and water that might be contaminated (tainted). Vegetables grown in fields that might have been irrigated with polluted water should be thoroughly cooked, as should viscera from potentially infected animals. Fascioliasis occurs in Europe, Africa, the Americas as well as Oceania. Recently, worldwide losses in animal productivity due to fasciolosis were conservatively estimated at over US$3.2 billion per annum. Fasciolosis is now recognized as an emerging human disease: the World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that 2.4 million people are infected with Fasciola, and a further 180 million are at risk of infection.