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Original Article Circulation of bovine viral diarrhea virus – 1 (BVDV
... that enable detection of transiently infected animals where the viral load is relatively low [28, 39]. The real-time RT-PCR Ct values were >30 in 28/31 (90.3%) of positive samples indicating a low viral load which is consistent with BVDV transient infection or convalescent stage of infection. None o ...
... that enable detection of transiently infected animals where the viral load is relatively low [28, 39]. The real-time RT-PCR Ct values were >30 in 28/31 (90.3%) of positive samples indicating a low viral load which is consistent with BVDV transient infection or convalescent stage of infection. None o ...
Animal Health Requirements For Admission to
... which is not qualified under NYS regulations. No person shall present an interstate or intrastate certificate of veterinary inspection that has been altered by anyone other than the issuing veterinarian. Animals demonstrating clinical signs or other evidence of infectious, contagious or communicable ...
... which is not qualified under NYS regulations. No person shall present an interstate or intrastate certificate of veterinary inspection that has been altered by anyone other than the issuing veterinarian. Animals demonstrating clinical signs or other evidence of infectious, contagious or communicable ...
Sample Grant Application Introduction
... the organism is maintained during chronic infection. Last, we will investigate how Bp is disseminated to other organs during chronic enteric infection. The information generated in these studies will substantially alter our view of Bp as a pathogen and also lead to a reassessment of the risks posed ...
... the organism is maintained during chronic infection. Last, we will investigate how Bp is disseminated to other organs during chronic enteric infection. The information generated in these studies will substantially alter our view of Bp as a pathogen and also lead to a reassessment of the risks posed ...
Shelter Dogs as Sentinels for T. cruzi
... he protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas disease, a neglected tropical disease affecting >8 million persons across Mexico and Central and South America. In the United States, estimates of human infection range from 300,000 to >1 million (1,2). Although immigrants expo ...
... he protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas disease, a neglected tropical disease affecting >8 million persons across Mexico and Central and South America. In the United States, estimates of human infection range from 300,000 to >1 million (1,2). Although immigrants expo ...
The Use of Indigeneous Papaya (Carica papaya) as an Anthelmintic
... The species recovered from coproculture of faecal samples coincide with the results found by Kuil in the late sixties. There is no proof of any species-related response to the treatment with papaya. The distribution of the species involved is quite different prior to and following treatment, but so ...
... The species recovered from coproculture of faecal samples coincide with the results found by Kuil in the late sixties. There is no proof of any species-related response to the treatment with papaya. The distribution of the species involved is quite different prior to and following treatment, but so ...
Fatal canine adenovirus type 1 acute infection in a Yorkshire Terrier
... ABSTRACT: This study reports the diagnostic algorithm followed for the identification of a fatal canine adenovirus type 1 (CAdV-1) infection in an unvaccinated 56 day-old puppy to overcome the limitations imposed by inconclusive histopathology hampered by body freezing. The animal was submitted to n ...
... ABSTRACT: This study reports the diagnostic algorithm followed for the identification of a fatal canine adenovirus type 1 (CAdV-1) infection in an unvaccinated 56 day-old puppy to overcome the limitations imposed by inconclusive histopathology hampered by body freezing. The animal was submitted to n ...
02 NCAC 52J .0407 TRAINING AND EXAMINATIONS (a) Training
... Demonstrate knowledge about which animals Euthanasia by Gas Inhalation is approved and which species, age, medical or physical conditions make it improper to use Euthanasia by Gas Inhalation; Demonstrate proper techniques in placing animals into the chamber; Demonstrate knowledge about the maintenan ...
... Demonstrate knowledge about which animals Euthanasia by Gas Inhalation is approved and which species, age, medical or physical conditions make it improper to use Euthanasia by Gas Inhalation; Demonstrate proper techniques in placing animals into the chamber; Demonstrate knowledge about the maintenan ...
Diseases of wild animals transmissible to domestic animals
... although the infections or infestations shared by wildlife and domestic animals a n d / o r m a n are n u m e r o u s , they are still a minority. In fact, most infections (particularly viral diseases and parasitoses) are not shared but are strictly specific, being confined to a single species or to ...
... although the infections or infestations shared by wildlife and domestic animals a n d / o r m a n are n u m e r o u s , they are still a minority. In fact, most infections (particularly viral diseases and parasitoses) are not shared but are strictly specific, being confined to a single species or to ...
chapter 6 - Princeton ISD
... mucous membranes the membranes that line body cavities that open to the outside of the body, such as the linings of the mouth, nose, eyes, rectum, and genitals. ...
... mucous membranes the membranes that line body cavities that open to the outside of the body, such as the linings of the mouth, nose, eyes, rectum, and genitals. ...
common disease conditions diagnosed in smallholder and pet pigs
... grazing, there is a higher risk of toxicity incidents. Incidents are also seen where owners have fewer stockmanship skills and unwittingly allow pigs access to toxic materials. Certain toxicities have food safety implications if the pigs are destined for the food chain and AHVLA reports these to the ...
... grazing, there is a higher risk of toxicity incidents. Incidents are also seen where owners have fewer stockmanship skills and unwittingly allow pigs access to toxic materials. Certain toxicities have food safety implications if the pigs are destined for the food chain and AHVLA reports these to the ...
Community-Based Infectious Disease Clinics: A Tool of Engagement
... are in some cases all-oral and offer the promise of cure in over 95% of most types of infection. Such regimens have become the mainstays of treatment guidelines in most Western countries. According to the recent evidence, treatment is recommended for all patients with chronic HCV infection, except t ...
... are in some cases all-oral and offer the promise of cure in over 95% of most types of infection. Such regimens have become the mainstays of treatment guidelines in most Western countries. According to the recent evidence, treatment is recommended for all patients with chronic HCV infection, except t ...
Pathogens and atherosclerosis - The biomedical causes of non
... C. pneumoniae is a gram negative bacterium that is one of the most frequent causes of recurrent low-grade respiratory infection. It is an obligate intracellular pathogen that infects both epithelial cells and macrophages within the lungs and may be disseminated to sites outside of the lungs by infec ...
... C. pneumoniae is a gram negative bacterium that is one of the most frequent causes of recurrent low-grade respiratory infection. It is an obligate intracellular pathogen that infects both epithelial cells and macrophages within the lungs and may be disseminated to sites outside of the lungs by infec ...
What Is Killing People with Hepatitis C Virus Infection?
... has dropped significantly in HIV-infected persons (from a high of 124 per 1000 person years in the era preceding HIV antiviral therapy to 25 per 1000 person years in 2000–2005), the impact was less pronounced among those co-infected with HCV (57 per 1000 person-years in those with HCV/HIV vs 19 per ...
... has dropped significantly in HIV-infected persons (from a high of 124 per 1000 person years in the era preceding HIV antiviral therapy to 25 per 1000 person years in 2000–2005), the impact was less pronounced among those co-infected with HCV (57 per 1000 person-years in those with HCV/HIV vs 19 per ...
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: virus
... Jie Zhou1,2,3, Hin Chu1,2,3, Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan1,2,3,4 and Kwok-Yung Yuen1,2,3,4* ...
... Jie Zhou1,2,3, Hin Chu1,2,3, Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan1,2,3,4 and Kwok-Yung Yuen1,2,3,4* ...
African horse sickness
... Activities as a centre of research, expertise, standardisation and dissemination of techniques within the remit of the mandate given by the OIE The Institute for International Cooperation in Animal Biologics (IICAB) and the Center for Food Security and Public Health (CFSPH) have developed and curren ...
... Activities as a centre of research, expertise, standardisation and dissemination of techniques within the remit of the mandate given by the OIE The Institute for International Cooperation in Animal Biologics (IICAB) and the Center for Food Security and Public Health (CFSPH) have developed and curren ...
Fasciolosis
Fasciolosis (also known as fascioliasis, fasciolasis, distomatosis and liver rot) is a parasitic worm infection caused by the common liver fluke Fasciola hepatica as well as by Fasciola gigantica. The disease is a plant-borne trematode zoonosis, and is classified as a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD). It affects humans, but its main host is ruminants such as cattle and sheep. The disease progresses through four distinct phases; an initial incubation phase of between a few days up to three months with little or no symptoms; an invasive or acute phase which may manifest with: fever, malaise, abdominal pain, gastrointestinal symptoms, urticaria, anemia, jaundice, and respiratory symptoms. The disease later progresses to a latent phase with less symptoms and ultimately into a chronic or obstructive phase months to years later. In the chronic state the disease causes inflammation of the bile ducts, gall bladder and may cause gall stones as well as fibrosis. While chronic inflammation is connected to increased cancer rates it is unclear whether fasciolosis is associated with increased cancer risk.Up to half of those infected display no symptoms, and diagnosis is difficult because eggs are often missed in fecal examination. The methods of detection are through fecal examination, parasite-specific antibody detection, radiological diagnosis as well as laparotomy. In case of a suspected outbreak it may be useful to keep track of dietary history, which is also useful for exclusion of differential diagnoses. Fecal examination is generally not helpful because eggs can seldom be detected in the chronic phase of the infection and detection of eggs. Eggs appear in the feces first between 9–11 weeks post-infection. The cause of this is unknown, and the it is also difficult to distinguish between the different species of fasciola as well distinguishing them from Echinostomes and Fasciolopsis. Most immunodiagnostic tests detect infection with very high sensitivity and as concentration drops after treatment it is a very good diagnostic method. Clinically it is not possible to differentiate from other liver and bile diseases. Radiological methods can detect lesions in both acute and chronic infection, while laparotomy will detect lesions and also occasionally eggs and live worms.Because of the size of the parasite (adult F. hepatica: 20–30 × 13 mm, adult F. gigantica: 25–75×12 mm) fasciolosis is a big concern. The amount of symptoms depend on how many worms and what stage the infection is in. The death rate is significant in both sheep and cattle, but generally low among humans. Treatment with triclabendazole is highly effective against the adult worms as well as various developing stages. Praziquantel is not effective, and older drugs such as bithionol are moderately effective but also cause more side effects. Secondary bacterial infection causing cholangitis is also a concern and can be treated with antibiotics, and toxaemia may be treated with prednisolone.Humans are infected by eating watergrown plants, primarily wild grown watercress in Europe and morning glory in Asia. Infection may also occur by drinking contaminated water with floating young fasciola or when using utensils washed with contaminated water. Cultivated plants do not spread the disease in the same capacity. Human infection is rare even if the infection rate is high among animals. Especially high rates of human infection have been found in Bolivia, Peru and Egypt, and this may be due to consumption of certain foods. No vaccine is available to protect people against Fasciola infection. Preventative measures are primarily treating and immunization the livestock – which are required for the live cycle of the worms. Veterinary vaccines are in development and their use is being considered by a number of countries on account of the risk to human health and economic losses resulting from livestock infection. Other methods include using molluscicides to decrease the amount of snails that act as vectors, but it is not practical. Educational methods to decrease consumption of wild watercress and other waterplants has been shown to work in areas with a high disease burden. In some areas of the world where fascioliasis is found (endemic), special control programs are in place or are planned. The types of control measures depend on the setting (such as epidemiologic, ecologic, and cultural factors). Strict control of the growth and sale of watercress and other edible water plants is important.Individual people can protect themselves by not eating raw watercress and other water plants, especially from endemic grazing areas. Travelers to areas with poor sanitation should avoid food and water that might be contaminated (tainted). Vegetables grown in fields that might have been irrigated with polluted water should be thoroughly cooked, as should viscera from potentially infected animals. Fascioliasis occurs in Europe, Africa, the Americas as well as Oceania. Recently, worldwide losses in animal productivity due to fasciolosis were conservatively estimated at over US$3.2 billion per annum. Fasciolosis is now recognized as an emerging human disease: the World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that 2.4 million people are infected with Fasciola, and a further 180 million are at risk of infection.