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Control measures for zoonoses
... (2) Addition of veterinary reportable diseases and animals, and expansion of notification requirements (Infectious Diseases Control Law, Article 13) Under the revised law, Category IV infectious diseases have been added to the list of veterinary reportable diseases. This addition has led to governme ...
... (2) Addition of veterinary reportable diseases and animals, and expansion of notification requirements (Infectious Diseases Control Law, Article 13) Under the revised law, Category IV infectious diseases have been added to the list of veterinary reportable diseases. This addition has led to governme ...
Prevalence and genotype of Giardia duodenalis from faecal
... Tsaihong et al., 2001; Liang et al., 2012). Other studies reported a similar Giardia prevalence of 9.3% in Australia (Palmer et al., 2008), 7.2% in Canada (Jacobs et al., 2001), and 8.1% in Alberta, Canada (Joffe et al., 2011). Although studies have shown that dogs can carry assemblage A, C, and D s ...
... Tsaihong et al., 2001; Liang et al., 2012). Other studies reported a similar Giardia prevalence of 9.3% in Australia (Palmer et al., 2008), 7.2% in Canada (Jacobs et al., 2001), and 8.1% in Alberta, Canada (Joffe et al., 2011). Although studies have shown that dogs can carry assemblage A, C, and D s ...
Infection Control Manual - University of Saskatchewan
... Veterinary Teaching Hospital where animals are examined, treated, or housed (reception area and film reading area of Radiology is exempt).. Food storage is not allowed in any refrigerator or freezer used for medications, animal samples. Water bottles and coffee cups are not allowed in the VTH or the ...
... Veterinary Teaching Hospital where animals are examined, treated, or housed (reception area and film reading area of Radiology is exempt).. Food storage is not allowed in any refrigerator or freezer used for medications, animal samples. Water bottles and coffee cups are not allowed in the VTH or the ...
Gene expression profiles of hair and wool sheep reveal importance
... Nematode infection, as assessed by FEC, was not observed in control lambs, but lambs infected with H. contortus all had measurable FEC by 16 d PI (MacKinnon et al., 2010). The mean FEC for wool sheep was similar to that of hair sheep at 16 d PI but was 2.8-fold higher at 21 d PI (n = 3,647 ± 770 and ...
... Nematode infection, as assessed by FEC, was not observed in control lambs, but lambs infected with H. contortus all had measurable FEC by 16 d PI (MacKinnon et al., 2010). The mean FEC for wool sheep was similar to that of hair sheep at 16 d PI but was 2.8-fold higher at 21 d PI (n = 3,647 ± 770 and ...
1/5 THE ROLE OF Histophilus somni IN BOVINE
... Pneumos®) has shown positive results of protection both in front of experimental infections and field studies. A group of 130 calves of 2 months of age were included in a study to evaluate the efficacy of such vaccine. All the animals (64 vaccinated with the bacterial vaccine and 66 as control) rece ...
... Pneumos®) has shown positive results of protection both in front of experimental infections and field studies. A group of 130 calves of 2 months of age were included in a study to evaluate the efficacy of such vaccine. All the animals (64 vaccinated with the bacterial vaccine and 66 as control) rece ...
Risk assessment on the importation of milk and milk products
... 5 min and then evaporated. The virus survived in skimmed milk after this was heated at 72°C for 15 sec, but not when it was heated at 72°C for 30 sec and then evaporated. Most of the h e a t e d samples were found to b e negative for F M D V by cell-culture assay but were positive in cattle inoculat ...
... 5 min and then evaporated. The virus survived in skimmed milk after this was heated at 72°C for 15 sec, but not when it was heated at 72°C for 30 sec and then evaporated. Most of the h e a t e d samples were found to b e negative for F M D V by cell-culture assay but were positive in cattle inoculat ...
Brucellosis: Understanding an Important Arctic Infectious Disease
... But can marine Brucella also affect people? The occupational acquired infection of a laboratory worker suggested that the marine Brucella may also be contagious to humans. The lab worker had headache, sinusitis and fatigue, and had bacteria in his blood (Brew et al. 1999). Marine B ...
... But can marine Brucella also affect people? The occupational acquired infection of a laboratory worker suggested that the marine Brucella may also be contagious to humans. The lab worker had headache, sinusitis and fatigue, and had bacteria in his blood (Brew et al. 1999). Marine B ...
Anthrax Information for Contacts Factsheet
... anthrax-infected animals. Be guided by DPI officials or local veterinarians on the safe disposal of carcasses. Wherever possible, animals known or suspected to have anthrax should not be touched directly. If close contact with infected animals cannot be avoided, personal protection measures recommen ...
... anthrax-infected animals. Be guided by DPI officials or local veterinarians on the safe disposal of carcasses. Wherever possible, animals known or suspected to have anthrax should not be touched directly. If close contact with infected animals cannot be avoided, personal protection measures recommen ...
Food Animals and Antimicrobials
... antibiotics in fish food leads to leaching from unconsumed food and feces into the water and pond sediments, where it not only exerts selective pressures on the sediment and water microflora but also can be washed to more distant sites, exposing wild fish and shellfish to trace antimicrobials (36). ...
... antibiotics in fish food leads to leaching from unconsumed food and feces into the water and pond sediments, where it not only exerts selective pressures on the sediment and water microflora but also can be washed to more distant sites, exposing wild fish and shellfish to trace antimicrobials (36). ...
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... Fax: + 4021.318.25.67, Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Toxoplasmosis is an important parasitic zoonosis caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, which is widespre ...
... Fax: + 4021.318.25.67, Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Toxoplasmosis is an important parasitic zoonosis caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, which is widespre ...
Bacterial colonization and endotoxin activity during T. RESEARCH COMMUNICATION
... Salmonella gallinarum infection in 8-week-old female broiler chickens . These parameters were assayed by means of colony forming units test (CFU) and the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate test (LAL), respectively. Birds were infected per os with 1,5 x 109 CFU/mQof wild strain of S. gallinarum isolated from a ...
... Salmonella gallinarum infection in 8-week-old female broiler chickens . These parameters were assayed by means of colony forming units test (CFU) and the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate test (LAL), respectively. Birds were infected per os with 1,5 x 109 CFU/mQof wild strain of S. gallinarum isolated from a ...
Bluetongue virus diagnosis of clinical cases by a duplex reverse
... Bluetongue is an International Office of Epizootics List A disease (Alexander et al., 1994; OIE, 2000) described as an economically devastating affliction of sheep (Alexander et al., 1994). Indeed, the vast economic effects of BTV infection in many parts of the world, due to the high morbidity and m ...
... Bluetongue is an International Office of Epizootics List A disease (Alexander et al., 1994; OIE, 2000) described as an economically devastating affliction of sheep (Alexander et al., 1994). Indeed, the vast economic effects of BTV infection in many parts of the world, due to the high morbidity and m ...
Chronic Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Infection Surveillance
... Hepatitis C virus infection has an acute phase that can either resolve spontaneously or progress into a long-term chronic infection. Acute HCV infection is a short-term illness that occurs within the first six months after a person is exposed to the hepatitis C virus. Most people newly infected with ...
... Hepatitis C virus infection has an acute phase that can either resolve spontaneously or progress into a long-term chronic infection. Acute HCV infection is a short-term illness that occurs within the first six months after a person is exposed to the hepatitis C virus. Most people newly infected with ...
BadgerPowerPoint
... • Incidence of bovine TB measured on farms inside and outside study areas • Reactive culling suspended early after significant rise in infection • More than 11,000 badgers killed ...
... • Incidence of bovine TB measured on farms inside and outside study areas • Reactive culling suspended early after significant rise in infection • More than 11,000 badgers killed ...
1 University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn Faculty of Veterinary
... 1. Decreasing exposure is the most important aspect of disease control in most situations. If a pathogen does not encounter an individual, then disease cannot occur. The number of organisms to which a host is exposed is also an important factor in determining whether or not colonization or infection ...
... 1. Decreasing exposure is the most important aspect of disease control in most situations. If a pathogen does not encounter an individual, then disease cannot occur. The number of organisms to which a host is exposed is also an important factor in determining whether or not colonization or infection ...
Fasciolosis
Fasciolosis (also known as fascioliasis, fasciolasis, distomatosis and liver rot) is a parasitic worm infection caused by the common liver fluke Fasciola hepatica as well as by Fasciola gigantica. The disease is a plant-borne trematode zoonosis, and is classified as a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD). It affects humans, but its main host is ruminants such as cattle and sheep. The disease progresses through four distinct phases; an initial incubation phase of between a few days up to three months with little or no symptoms; an invasive or acute phase which may manifest with: fever, malaise, abdominal pain, gastrointestinal symptoms, urticaria, anemia, jaundice, and respiratory symptoms. The disease later progresses to a latent phase with less symptoms and ultimately into a chronic or obstructive phase months to years later. In the chronic state the disease causes inflammation of the bile ducts, gall bladder and may cause gall stones as well as fibrosis. While chronic inflammation is connected to increased cancer rates it is unclear whether fasciolosis is associated with increased cancer risk.Up to half of those infected display no symptoms, and diagnosis is difficult because eggs are often missed in fecal examination. The methods of detection are through fecal examination, parasite-specific antibody detection, radiological diagnosis as well as laparotomy. In case of a suspected outbreak it may be useful to keep track of dietary history, which is also useful for exclusion of differential diagnoses. Fecal examination is generally not helpful because eggs can seldom be detected in the chronic phase of the infection and detection of eggs. Eggs appear in the feces first between 9–11 weeks post-infection. The cause of this is unknown, and the it is also difficult to distinguish between the different species of fasciola as well distinguishing them from Echinostomes and Fasciolopsis. Most immunodiagnostic tests detect infection with very high sensitivity and as concentration drops after treatment it is a very good diagnostic method. Clinically it is not possible to differentiate from other liver and bile diseases. Radiological methods can detect lesions in both acute and chronic infection, while laparotomy will detect lesions and also occasionally eggs and live worms.Because of the size of the parasite (adult F. hepatica: 20–30 × 13 mm, adult F. gigantica: 25–75×12 mm) fasciolosis is a big concern. The amount of symptoms depend on how many worms and what stage the infection is in. The death rate is significant in both sheep and cattle, but generally low among humans. Treatment with triclabendazole is highly effective against the adult worms as well as various developing stages. Praziquantel is not effective, and older drugs such as bithionol are moderately effective but also cause more side effects. Secondary bacterial infection causing cholangitis is also a concern and can be treated with antibiotics, and toxaemia may be treated with prednisolone.Humans are infected by eating watergrown plants, primarily wild grown watercress in Europe and morning glory in Asia. Infection may also occur by drinking contaminated water with floating young fasciola or when using utensils washed with contaminated water. Cultivated plants do not spread the disease in the same capacity. Human infection is rare even if the infection rate is high among animals. Especially high rates of human infection have been found in Bolivia, Peru and Egypt, and this may be due to consumption of certain foods. No vaccine is available to protect people against Fasciola infection. Preventative measures are primarily treating and immunization the livestock – which are required for the live cycle of the worms. Veterinary vaccines are in development and their use is being considered by a number of countries on account of the risk to human health and economic losses resulting from livestock infection. Other methods include using molluscicides to decrease the amount of snails that act as vectors, but it is not practical. Educational methods to decrease consumption of wild watercress and other waterplants has been shown to work in areas with a high disease burden. In some areas of the world where fascioliasis is found (endemic), special control programs are in place or are planned. The types of control measures depend on the setting (such as epidemiologic, ecologic, and cultural factors). Strict control of the growth and sale of watercress and other edible water plants is important.Individual people can protect themselves by not eating raw watercress and other water plants, especially from endemic grazing areas. Travelers to areas with poor sanitation should avoid food and water that might be contaminated (tainted). Vegetables grown in fields that might have been irrigated with polluted water should be thoroughly cooked, as should viscera from potentially infected animals. Fascioliasis occurs in Europe, Africa, the Americas as well as Oceania. Recently, worldwide losses in animal productivity due to fasciolosis were conservatively estimated at over US$3.2 billion per annum. Fasciolosis is now recognized as an emerging human disease: the World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that 2.4 million people are infected with Fasciola, and a further 180 million are at risk of infection.