importation of non-domestic felidae into australia draft import risk
... followed when the analysis is technically less complex or when greater or different risks than usual are not being examined. ...
... followed when the analysis is technically less complex or when greater or different risks than usual are not being examined. ...
Calf diagnosis and Disease Prevention
... Purchase calves from cows that have been vaccinated with a scour vaccine before calving. The vaccinated cow produces more antibodies to rotavirus, coronavirus and E.coli and delivers them in her colostrum. ...
... Purchase calves from cows that have been vaccinated with a scour vaccine before calving. The vaccinated cow produces more antibodies to rotavirus, coronavirus and E.coli and delivers them in her colostrum. ...
Hendra virus disease in horses
... The virus is a lethal zoonotic agent able to cause natural disease in humans and horses and experimentally induced disease in cats, guinea-pigs and mice. The virus also naturally infects species of the family Megachiroptera, mainly subclinically, and such animals are the natural host of HeV. The vir ...
... The virus is a lethal zoonotic agent able to cause natural disease in humans and horses and experimentally induced disease in cats, guinea-pigs and mice. The virus also naturally infects species of the family Megachiroptera, mainly subclinically, and such animals are the natural host of HeV. The vir ...
UK SMI Title goes here
... immunosuppressive treatment). Molecular assays (or pp65 antigenemia) are preferred for diagnosis and monitoring of CMV infection and related disease in this patient type. CMV belongs to the Herpesviridae family and persists in the host as a life-long latent infection. After primary infection, the en ...
... immunosuppressive treatment). Molecular assays (or pp65 antigenemia) are preferred for diagnosis and monitoring of CMV infection and related disease in this patient type. CMV belongs to the Herpesviridae family and persists in the host as a life-long latent infection. After primary infection, the en ...
... This paper reports results of experimental studies carried out to investigate the relationship between different strains of avian pneumovirus. Analysis of Virus Strain Strains of TRT virus, isolated from both turkeys and chickens in many countries, have been compared by means of in vitro cross neutr ...
Staph Infection Containment in Athletic Departments
... MRSA stands for methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Initially, MRSA strains were resistant to the antibiotic methicillin, a form of penicillin. Now they are resistant to many antibiotics and are sometimes called ―multi-resistant‖ S. aureus. MRSA is not the only antibiotic resistant bacteria, but it is ...
... MRSA stands for methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Initially, MRSA strains were resistant to the antibiotic methicillin, a form of penicillin. Now they are resistant to many antibiotics and are sometimes called ―multi-resistant‖ S. aureus. MRSA is not the only antibiotic resistant bacteria, but it is ...
Overview of the perceived risk of transboundary pig
... FIGURE 1: Scenario tree representing the likelihood of disease detection in the transactions and pig movements pathways within South Africa. ...
... FIGURE 1: Scenario tree representing the likelihood of disease detection in the transactions and pig movements pathways within South Africa. ...
The new global map of human brucellosis
... reported in the past 3 years. Small foci still exist in the southeastern provinces of Savoie and Alpes Maritimes. Although massive progress has been achieved in minimising human disease in Spain, the country still has one of the highest annual incidences in Europe. Data are available for 1997–2003 f ...
... reported in the past 3 years. Small foci still exist in the southeastern provinces of Savoie and Alpes Maritimes. Although massive progress has been achieved in minimising human disease in Spain, the country still has one of the highest annual incidences in Europe. Data are available for 1997–2003 f ...
Spread and Control of Rift Valley Fever virus after accidental
... 2.1. Basic assumptions and applications of the model The spread of RVFV after introduction in the Netherlands is assessed using a deterministic mathematical model. This model describes the local spread of the infection. Local spread means the transmission of RVFV in a predefined small area, in whi ...
... 2.1. Basic assumptions and applications of the model The spread of RVFV after introduction in the Netherlands is assessed using a deterministic mathematical model. This model describes the local spread of the infection. Local spread means the transmission of RVFV in a predefined small area, in whi ...
Compendium of Veterinary Standard Precautions for
... to achieve equity with employee safety and health in human health care. The N ORA states that “[v]eterinary medicine and other animal care personnel are at substantial risk for various occupationally acquired injuries and illnesses, many of which parallel and even exceed those encountered in human h ...
... to achieve equity with employee safety and health in human health care. The N ORA states that “[v]eterinary medicine and other animal care personnel are at substantial risk for various occupationally acquired injuries and illnesses, many of which parallel and even exceed those encountered in human h ...
Emerging of Avian Leukosis Sub-group J (ALV
... Serology tests such as ELISA and virus neutralizing techniques can be useful to diagnose and confirm the present of ALV-J infections. ALV-J antibody detection (ELISA): Eight (8/30) or 27% of serum samples were positive for ALV-J in groups A1 and A2, whilst thirteen (13/36 or 36%) and ten (10/24 or 4 ...
... Serology tests such as ELISA and virus neutralizing techniques can be useful to diagnose and confirm the present of ALV-J infections. ALV-J antibody detection (ELISA): Eight (8/30) or 27% of serum samples were positive for ALV-J in groups A1 and A2, whilst thirteen (13/36 or 36%) and ten (10/24 or 4 ...
abcd guidelines on
... cellular immunity plays an important role in protection, since the absence of detectable serum antibody levels in vaccinated cats does not necessarily indicate that cats are susceptible to disease (Lappin et al., 2002). On the other hand, seroconversion did correlate with protection against virulent ...
... cellular immunity plays an important role in protection, since the absence of detectable serum antibody levels in vaccinated cats does not necessarily indicate that cats are susceptible to disease (Lappin et al., 2002). On the other hand, seroconversion did correlate with protection against virulent ...
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS)
... the broiler grower and the table-egg producer [1, 2]. It is caused by mycoplasma organisms of the Class Mollicutes. These organisms are different from other bacteria; they are of very small sizes [3] and do not have a cell wall [4, 5]. These characteristics account for the “fried egg” type of coloni ...
... the broiler grower and the table-egg producer [1, 2]. It is caused by mycoplasma organisms of the Class Mollicutes. These organisms are different from other bacteria; they are of very small sizes [3] and do not have a cell wall [4, 5]. These characteristics account for the “fried egg” type of coloni ...
2013 - University of Kentucky Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory
... Johne’s disease, bovine leukosis, avian influenza, rabies and many other diseases of agricultural, public health and companion animal importance. Furthermore, the laboratory is always on the watch for the emergence of foreign animal diseases (FADs) such as foot and mouth disease, and classical swine ...
... Johne’s disease, bovine leukosis, avian influenza, rabies and many other diseases of agricultural, public health and companion animal importance. Furthermore, the laboratory is always on the watch for the emergence of foreign animal diseases (FADs) such as foot and mouth disease, and classical swine ...
Diploma in Veterinary Cardiology
... which you have set out to remove. At the end of the introduction, it should be possible to say ' In the light of the literature I have reviewed, the aims of this study are to plug the following gaps by carrying out the following work' or something to the same effect! Materials and Methods This shoul ...
... which you have set out to remove. At the end of the introduction, it should be possible to say ' In the light of the literature I have reviewed, the aims of this study are to plug the following gaps by carrying out the following work' or something to the same effect! Materials and Methods This shoul ...
controling animal diseases
... • Established “for the purpose of projects of international public utility relating to the control of animal diseases,, includingg those affectingg humans and the promotion of animal welfare and animal production food safety” • Advisory Committee chaired by the representative of the World Bank • Par ...
... • Established “for the purpose of projects of international public utility relating to the control of animal diseases,, includingg those affectingg humans and the promotion of animal welfare and animal production food safety” • Advisory Committee chaired by the representative of the World Bank • Par ...
Pan-European resistance monitoring programmes
... as sampling and testing methodology, and different epidemiological cut-off values or clinical breakpoints. Moreover, only very few valid data are available regarding target pathogens both of farm and companion animals. The European Animal Health Study Centre (CEESA) attempts to fill these gaps. The r ...
... as sampling and testing methodology, and different epidemiological cut-off values or clinical breakpoints. Moreover, only very few valid data are available regarding target pathogens both of farm and companion animals. The European Animal Health Study Centre (CEESA) attempts to fill these gaps. The r ...
Fasciolosis
Fasciolosis (also known as fascioliasis, fasciolasis, distomatosis and liver rot) is a parasitic worm infection caused by the common liver fluke Fasciola hepatica as well as by Fasciola gigantica. The disease is a plant-borne trematode zoonosis, and is classified as a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD). It affects humans, but its main host is ruminants such as cattle and sheep. The disease progresses through four distinct phases; an initial incubation phase of between a few days up to three months with little or no symptoms; an invasive or acute phase which may manifest with: fever, malaise, abdominal pain, gastrointestinal symptoms, urticaria, anemia, jaundice, and respiratory symptoms. The disease later progresses to a latent phase with less symptoms and ultimately into a chronic or obstructive phase months to years later. In the chronic state the disease causes inflammation of the bile ducts, gall bladder and may cause gall stones as well as fibrosis. While chronic inflammation is connected to increased cancer rates it is unclear whether fasciolosis is associated with increased cancer risk.Up to half of those infected display no symptoms, and diagnosis is difficult because eggs are often missed in fecal examination. The methods of detection are through fecal examination, parasite-specific antibody detection, radiological diagnosis as well as laparotomy. In case of a suspected outbreak it may be useful to keep track of dietary history, which is also useful for exclusion of differential diagnoses. Fecal examination is generally not helpful because eggs can seldom be detected in the chronic phase of the infection and detection of eggs. Eggs appear in the feces first between 9–11 weeks post-infection. The cause of this is unknown, and the it is also difficult to distinguish between the different species of fasciola as well distinguishing them from Echinostomes and Fasciolopsis. Most immunodiagnostic tests detect infection with very high sensitivity and as concentration drops after treatment it is a very good diagnostic method. Clinically it is not possible to differentiate from other liver and bile diseases. Radiological methods can detect lesions in both acute and chronic infection, while laparotomy will detect lesions and also occasionally eggs and live worms.Because of the size of the parasite (adult F. hepatica: 20–30 × 13 mm, adult F. gigantica: 25–75×12 mm) fasciolosis is a big concern. The amount of symptoms depend on how many worms and what stage the infection is in. The death rate is significant in both sheep and cattle, but generally low among humans. Treatment with triclabendazole is highly effective against the adult worms as well as various developing stages. Praziquantel is not effective, and older drugs such as bithionol are moderately effective but also cause more side effects. Secondary bacterial infection causing cholangitis is also a concern and can be treated with antibiotics, and toxaemia may be treated with prednisolone.Humans are infected by eating watergrown plants, primarily wild grown watercress in Europe and morning glory in Asia. Infection may also occur by drinking contaminated water with floating young fasciola or when using utensils washed with contaminated water. Cultivated plants do not spread the disease in the same capacity. Human infection is rare even if the infection rate is high among animals. Especially high rates of human infection have been found in Bolivia, Peru and Egypt, and this may be due to consumption of certain foods. No vaccine is available to protect people against Fasciola infection. Preventative measures are primarily treating and immunization the livestock – which are required for the live cycle of the worms. Veterinary vaccines are in development and their use is being considered by a number of countries on account of the risk to human health and economic losses resulting from livestock infection. Other methods include using molluscicides to decrease the amount of snails that act as vectors, but it is not practical. Educational methods to decrease consumption of wild watercress and other waterplants has been shown to work in areas with a high disease burden. In some areas of the world where fascioliasis is found (endemic), special control programs are in place or are planned. The types of control measures depend on the setting (such as epidemiologic, ecologic, and cultural factors). Strict control of the growth and sale of watercress and other edible water plants is important.Individual people can protect themselves by not eating raw watercress and other water plants, especially from endemic grazing areas. Travelers to areas with poor sanitation should avoid food and water that might be contaminated (tainted). Vegetables grown in fields that might have been irrigated with polluted water should be thoroughly cooked, as should viscera from potentially infected animals. Fascioliasis occurs in Europe, Africa, the Americas as well as Oceania. Recently, worldwide losses in animal productivity due to fasciolosis were conservatively estimated at over US$3.2 billion per annum. Fasciolosis is now recognized as an emerging human disease: the World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that 2.4 million people are infected with Fasciola, and a further 180 million are at risk of infection.