Herpesvirus infections in Cervidae
... infectivity, thus the disease does not spread from affected animals. The disease has not been reported to affect free-living animals. KEYWORDS: Cattle diseases - Cervidae - Farmed deer - Herpesvirus infections - Malignant catarrhal fever virus - Serological techniques - Wild animals. ...
... infectivity, thus the disease does not spread from affected animals. The disease has not been reported to affect free-living animals. KEYWORDS: Cattle diseases - Cervidae - Farmed deer - Herpesvirus infections - Malignant catarrhal fever virus - Serological techniques - Wild animals. ...
Investigation of potential diseases associated with Northern Territory
... Appendix 4 - Further information on pathogens not prioritised for investigation����������������� 113 Notes on other bacteria not prioritised for investigation���������������������������������������������� 113 Notes on fungi not prioritised for investigation���������������������������������������� ...
... Appendix 4 - Further information on pathogens not prioritised for investigation����������������� 113 Notes on other bacteria not prioritised for investigation���������������������������������������������� 113 Notes on fungi not prioritised for investigation���������������������������������������� ...
CABI_protocol_3_01082016
... The conditions excluded are intended to ensure we are studying primary episodes of CABI for which there is evidence there may be a high risk of relapse, that the cases included are not biased towards more complicated cases, and to exclude primary appendicitis managed surgically for which good data a ...
... The conditions excluded are intended to ensure we are studying primary episodes of CABI for which there is evidence there may be a high risk of relapse, that the cases included are not biased towards more complicated cases, and to exclude primary appendicitis managed surgically for which good data a ...
Treatment of demodicosis in dogs: 2011 clinical practice guidelines
... roman numeral numbers should be considered of greater value than those with higher grades. For most of the recommendations in this article, the evidence was derived from results of a recent systematic review8 (COE I) or clinical trials (COE II). There are few randomized controlled studies published ...
... roman numeral numbers should be considered of greater value than those with higher grades. For most of the recommendations in this article, the evidence was derived from results of a recent systematic review8 (COE I) or clinical trials (COE II). There are few randomized controlled studies published ...
The 25th Annual
... Milton Wyman DVM, MS, Diplomate ACVO ________________________________________ In researching the historical aspect of veterinary ophthalmology, I became impressed on the database that has accumulated in the discipline. It mimics medicine in general but it is amazing how little accurate data was obta ...
... Milton Wyman DVM, MS, Diplomate ACVO ________________________________________ In researching the historical aspect of veterinary ophthalmology, I became impressed on the database that has accumulated in the discipline. It mimics medicine in general but it is amazing how little accurate data was obta ...
In vitro evaluation of commonly used disinfectants and antiseptics in
... and results in huge economic losses through reproductive failure in animals. Brucellosis has been an endemic disease in Egypt for thousands of years. Bovine brucellosis is usually caused by B. abortus. Brucella abortus has seven recognized biovars, the most reported of which are biovars 1, 2, 3, 4 a ...
... and results in huge economic losses through reproductive failure in animals. Brucellosis has been an endemic disease in Egypt for thousands of years. Bovine brucellosis is usually caused by B. abortus. Brucella abortus has seven recognized biovars, the most reported of which are biovars 1, 2, 3, 4 a ...
Top 10 Human Medications Poisonous To Pets
... and human medicine, Pet Poison Helpline provides a unique advantage since more than 50 percent of all pet poisonings involve human drugs. Below is a list of the top 10 human medications most frequently ingested by pets, along with some tips from the veterinarians at Pet Poison Helpline on how to pre ...
... and human medicine, Pet Poison Helpline provides a unique advantage since more than 50 percent of all pet poisonings involve human drugs. Below is a list of the top 10 human medications most frequently ingested by pets, along with some tips from the veterinarians at Pet Poison Helpline on how to pre ...
Ettinger: Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 7th Edition
... In reproductively intact dogs and cats, the infection may also involve parts of the genital system (uterus in females or prostate in males) and clinical signs may relate to the infection in these locations. These described symptoms do not always mean that a UTI is present. All of these problems may ...
... In reproductively intact dogs and cats, the infection may also involve parts of the genital system (uterus in females or prostate in males) and clinical signs may relate to the infection in these locations. These described symptoms do not always mean that a UTI is present. All of these problems may ...
Ringworm - Sunrise School Division
... Infected persons should follow these steps to keep the infection from spreading: Complete treatment as instructed, even after symptoms disappear. Do not share towels, hats, clothing, or other personal items with others. Minimize close contact with others until treated. Make sure the person or anima ...
... Infected persons should follow these steps to keep the infection from spreading: Complete treatment as instructed, even after symptoms disappear. Do not share towels, hats, clothing, or other personal items with others. Minimize close contact with others until treated. Make sure the person or anima ...
Case 2 - Scand
... (3, 4). In both pigs and humans, S. aureus is a dominant cause of pyaemic lesions including osteomyelitis (4-6). A number of animal models of osteomyelitis have been developed for investigating e.g. pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of bone infections due to S. aureus. In these models, several ...
... (3, 4). In both pigs and humans, S. aureus is a dominant cause of pyaemic lesions including osteomyelitis (4-6). A number of animal models of osteomyelitis have been developed for investigating e.g. pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of bone infections due to S. aureus. In these models, several ...
Epidemiology of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus and Bovine
... infections was studied in 186 dairy herds by repeated bulk tank milk (BTM) analysis. A subset of 11 herds was selected for individual testing. The serum and BTM were tested for antibodies to the viruses using indirect ELISA tests. The results demonstrated a selfclearance process of both infections a ...
... infections was studied in 186 dairy herds by repeated bulk tank milk (BTM) analysis. A subset of 11 herds was selected for individual testing. The serum and BTM were tested for antibodies to the viruses using indirect ELISA tests. The results demonstrated a selfclearance process of both infections a ...
An Overview and the Economic Impacts Associated with Mandatory
... be detected by their appearance. The most obvious sign of infection is abortion and the birth of weak calves. An unvaccinated cow or heifer will have a 60-70% abortion rate due to the effects of brucellosis. The bacteria does not serve as a source of infection in the environment for more than a few ...
... be detected by their appearance. The most obvious sign of infection is abortion and the birth of weak calves. An unvaccinated cow or heifer will have a 60-70% abortion rate due to the effects of brucellosis. The bacteria does not serve as a source of infection in the environment for more than a few ...
Serologic survey of infectious disease agents in black bears (Ursus
... Thirteen black bears were found to be free of Trichinella spiralis larvae in a study surveying many wildlife species (Dick et al., 1986). The authors suggested the epizootiology of trichinosis in wildlife is complex and may depend on strain differences in ...
... Thirteen black bears were found to be free of Trichinella spiralis larvae in a study surveying many wildlife species (Dick et al., 1986). The authors suggested the epizootiology of trichinosis in wildlife is complex and may depend on strain differences in ...
Guidelines for minimising disease risks associated
... many recent rapid declines and extinctions. These factors are now acting globally and, most disturbingly, in protected and near pristine areas. While habitat conservation and mitigation of threats in situ are essential, for many taxa the requirement for some sort of ex situ intervention is mounting. ...
... many recent rapid declines and extinctions. These factors are now acting globally and, most disturbingly, in protected and near pristine areas. While habitat conservation and mitigation of threats in situ are essential, for many taxa the requirement for some sort of ex situ intervention is mounting. ...
Haemobartonella felis
... Haemobartonella felis is a pleomorphic uncultivated wall-less haemotrophic bacterial parasite. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences from a number of isolates of H felis has demonstrated that these bacteria are most closely related to species in the genus Mycoplasma, and Haemobartonella a ...
... Haemobartonella felis is a pleomorphic uncultivated wall-less haemotrophic bacterial parasite. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences from a number of isolates of H felis has demonstrated that these bacteria are most closely related to species in the genus Mycoplasma, and Haemobartonella a ...
Rift Valley Fever A Resurgent Threat Case Studies from Sudan and
... outbreak ever seen recently in Africa. It has been shown that the incidence of RVF is 10,000 diagnoses human cases per year in total (WHO, 2010a). The disease name was derived from the area of Rift Valley in Kenya where the first outbreak occurred in 1930 after heavy rainfall. 3500 lambs and 1200 ew ...
... outbreak ever seen recently in Africa. It has been shown that the incidence of RVF is 10,000 diagnoses human cases per year in total (WHO, 2010a). The disease name was derived from the area of Rift Valley in Kenya where the first outbreak occurred in 1930 after heavy rainfall. 3500 lambs and 1200 ew ...
Current status and perspectives of Clonorchis sinensis and
... Eggs found in stool can confirm C. sinensis infection. Stool examination is inexpensive and does not require the use of sophisticated equipment; however, labour intensive, inconvenient, and well-trained staff are needed [1, 13]. Direct faecal smear, the Kato-Katz (KK) method and the formalin-ether c ...
... Eggs found in stool can confirm C. sinensis infection. Stool examination is inexpensive and does not require the use of sophisticated equipment; however, labour intensive, inconvenient, and well-trained staff are needed [1, 13]. Direct faecal smear, the Kato-Katz (KK) method and the formalin-ether c ...
Efficacy of oral supplementation with L-lysine in cats
... antagonism of the growth-promoting effect of arginine, which is an essential amino acid for HSV-1 replication.3,4 Results of clinical trials in humans suffering recurrent HSV-1-related lesions indicate that patients taking L-lysine orally experienced a reduction in lesion recurrence rate, severity, ...
... antagonism of the growth-promoting effect of arginine, which is an essential amino acid for HSV-1 replication.3,4 Results of clinical trials in humans suffering recurrent HSV-1-related lesions indicate that patients taking L-lysine orally experienced a reduction in lesion recurrence rate, severity, ...
Guideline on the assessment of the risk to public health from
... the veterinary medicinal product (e.g. target species, indication, route of administration, treatment Guideline on the assessment of the risk to public health from antimicrobial resistance due to the use of an antimicrobial veterinary medicinal product in food-producing ...
... the veterinary medicinal product (e.g. target species, indication, route of administration, treatment Guideline on the assessment of the risk to public health from antimicrobial resistance due to the use of an antimicrobial veterinary medicinal product in food-producing ...
Fasciolosis
Fasciolosis (also known as fascioliasis, fasciolasis, distomatosis and liver rot) is a parasitic worm infection caused by the common liver fluke Fasciola hepatica as well as by Fasciola gigantica. The disease is a plant-borne trematode zoonosis, and is classified as a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD). It affects humans, but its main host is ruminants such as cattle and sheep. The disease progresses through four distinct phases; an initial incubation phase of between a few days up to three months with little or no symptoms; an invasive or acute phase which may manifest with: fever, malaise, abdominal pain, gastrointestinal symptoms, urticaria, anemia, jaundice, and respiratory symptoms. The disease later progresses to a latent phase with less symptoms and ultimately into a chronic or obstructive phase months to years later. In the chronic state the disease causes inflammation of the bile ducts, gall bladder and may cause gall stones as well as fibrosis. While chronic inflammation is connected to increased cancer rates it is unclear whether fasciolosis is associated with increased cancer risk.Up to half of those infected display no symptoms, and diagnosis is difficult because eggs are often missed in fecal examination. The methods of detection are through fecal examination, parasite-specific antibody detection, radiological diagnosis as well as laparotomy. In case of a suspected outbreak it may be useful to keep track of dietary history, which is also useful for exclusion of differential diagnoses. Fecal examination is generally not helpful because eggs can seldom be detected in the chronic phase of the infection and detection of eggs. Eggs appear in the feces first between 9–11 weeks post-infection. The cause of this is unknown, and the it is also difficult to distinguish between the different species of fasciola as well distinguishing them from Echinostomes and Fasciolopsis. Most immunodiagnostic tests detect infection with very high sensitivity and as concentration drops after treatment it is a very good diagnostic method. Clinically it is not possible to differentiate from other liver and bile diseases. Radiological methods can detect lesions in both acute and chronic infection, while laparotomy will detect lesions and also occasionally eggs and live worms.Because of the size of the parasite (adult F. hepatica: 20–30 × 13 mm, adult F. gigantica: 25–75×12 mm) fasciolosis is a big concern. The amount of symptoms depend on how many worms and what stage the infection is in. The death rate is significant in both sheep and cattle, but generally low among humans. Treatment with triclabendazole is highly effective against the adult worms as well as various developing stages. Praziquantel is not effective, and older drugs such as bithionol are moderately effective but also cause more side effects. Secondary bacterial infection causing cholangitis is also a concern and can be treated with antibiotics, and toxaemia may be treated with prednisolone.Humans are infected by eating watergrown plants, primarily wild grown watercress in Europe and morning glory in Asia. Infection may also occur by drinking contaminated water with floating young fasciola or when using utensils washed with contaminated water. Cultivated plants do not spread the disease in the same capacity. Human infection is rare even if the infection rate is high among animals. Especially high rates of human infection have been found in Bolivia, Peru and Egypt, and this may be due to consumption of certain foods. No vaccine is available to protect people against Fasciola infection. Preventative measures are primarily treating and immunization the livestock – which are required for the live cycle of the worms. Veterinary vaccines are in development and their use is being considered by a number of countries on account of the risk to human health and economic losses resulting from livestock infection. Other methods include using molluscicides to decrease the amount of snails that act as vectors, but it is not practical. Educational methods to decrease consumption of wild watercress and other waterplants has been shown to work in areas with a high disease burden. In some areas of the world where fascioliasis is found (endemic), special control programs are in place or are planned. The types of control measures depend on the setting (such as epidemiologic, ecologic, and cultural factors). Strict control of the growth and sale of watercress and other edible water plants is important.Individual people can protect themselves by not eating raw watercress and other water plants, especially from endemic grazing areas. Travelers to areas with poor sanitation should avoid food and water that might be contaminated (tainted). Vegetables grown in fields that might have been irrigated with polluted water should be thoroughly cooked, as should viscera from potentially infected animals. Fascioliasis occurs in Europe, Africa, the Americas as well as Oceania. Recently, worldwide losses in animal productivity due to fasciolosis were conservatively estimated at over US$3.2 billion per annum. Fasciolosis is now recognized as an emerging human disease: the World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that 2.4 million people are infected with Fasciola, and a further 180 million are at risk of infection.