Easy and non-invasive disease detection in pigs by
... of diagnostic samples [1] or the possibility of performing repeated sampling without causing stress [2]. However, the reported low levels of the markers used to assess health status using saliva samples, as observed in acute phase proteins, need highly sensitive technologies for their proper quantif ...
... of diagnostic samples [1] or the possibility of performing repeated sampling without causing stress [2]. However, the reported low levels of the markers used to assess health status using saliva samples, as observed in acute phase proteins, need highly sensitive technologies for their proper quantif ...
Import risk analysis: Llamas (Lama glama) and alpacas (Vicugna
... the disease, including distribution, clinical signs, transmission, diagnosis and any available treatment, is considered. As a result of hazard identification, organisms are classified as either potential hazards in the commodity, or not. Organisms identified as potential hazards in the commodity are ...
... the disease, including distribution, clinical signs, transmission, diagnosis and any available treatment, is considered. As a result of hazard identification, organisms are classified as either potential hazards in the commodity, or not. Organisms identified as potential hazards in the commodity are ...
campylobacter information guide
... Campylobacter. Utilising an experienced consultant can help to ensure these causes are not only identified, but most importantly that they are addressed in an effective and efficient way. Consistently measuring scanning to marking percentages and using experienced consultants for analysis and advice ...
... Campylobacter. Utilising an experienced consultant can help to ensure these causes are not only identified, but most importantly that they are addressed in an effective and efficient way. Consistently measuring scanning to marking percentages and using experienced consultants for analysis and advice ...
Physical characteristics of the bovine teat canal
... the appropriate inoculators were not available for Trial 1. The difference between an inoculation at 3 or 4 mm is not thought to have a significant effect on the subsequent full penetration of bacteria (Prasad & Newbould, 1968; Bramley & Higgs, 1974). Quarter fore milk samples were collected aseptic ...
... the appropriate inoculators were not available for Trial 1. The difference between an inoculation at 3 or 4 mm is not thought to have a significant effect on the subsequent full penetration of bacteria (Prasad & Newbould, 1968; Bramley & Higgs, 1974). Quarter fore milk samples were collected aseptic ...
Carotenoids and fat-soluble vitamins in horse tissues: a
... et al., 2006; Calderón et al., 2007) have been carried out about the presence and accumulation of carotenoids and fat-soluble vitamins in cattle fluids and tissues (plasma, milk, fat, liver, etc.), as well as their implication on consumer point of view of the cattle products. However, few studies hav ...
... et al., 2006; Calderón et al., 2007) have been carried out about the presence and accumulation of carotenoids and fat-soluble vitamins in cattle fluids and tissues (plasma, milk, fat, liver, etc.), as well as their implication on consumer point of view of the cattle products. However, few studies hav ...
Brucellosis in terrestrial wildlife
... reported in wildlife in Europe. However, B. ovis infection has been reported in red deer in New Zealand (79). For B. neotomae, only strains isolated from desert rats in Utah in the United States (USA) have been reported (29). Since the first description of an abortion due to Brucella spp. in a capti ...
... reported in wildlife in Europe. However, B. ovis infection has been reported in red deer in New Zealand (79). For B. neotomae, only strains isolated from desert rats in Utah in the United States (USA) have been reported (29). Since the first description of an abortion due to Brucella spp. in a capti ...
Infectious Diseases
... 1970). There is thus still lingering doubt and confusion as to the nature of chorioamnionitis (Anonymous, 1989a), but when Arias and colleagues (1993) studied the problem of preterm labor in 105 women, they found that essentially two distinct subgroups exist: those with infection (n = 63) and those ...
... 1970). There is thus still lingering doubt and confusion as to the nature of chorioamnionitis (Anonymous, 1989a), but when Arias and colleagues (1993) studied the problem of preterm labor in 105 women, they found that essentially two distinct subgroups exist: those with infection (n = 63) and those ...
- Veterinary Research
... deer and even zoo carnivores such as Eurasian lynx have all been affected during this ongoing pandemic [21, 27, 50, 57, 59]. In addition to causing clinical disease in domestic and wild ungulates, BTV serotype 8 infections has caused reproductive failure amongst pregnant cattle and sheep and a high ...
... deer and even zoo carnivores such as Eurasian lynx have all been affected during this ongoing pandemic [21, 27, 50, 57, 59]. In addition to causing clinical disease in domestic and wild ungulates, BTV serotype 8 infections has caused reproductive failure amongst pregnant cattle and sheep and a high ...
DETECTION OF INFECTIOUS BRONCHITIS VIRUS
... economic losses in poultry and can be involved in respiratory disease, nephritis, and both poor egg production and quality. However, these signs are not specific to IBV. Therefore, diagnostic tools are needed to identify IBV infections in relation to a clinical problem in the field. This may also in ...
... economic losses in poultry and can be involved in respiratory disease, nephritis, and both poor egg production and quality. However, these signs are not specific to IBV. Therefore, diagnostic tools are needed to identify IBV infections in relation to a clinical problem in the field. This may also in ...
Drugs in Pregnancy
... fetus is generally at the greatest risk of developing teratogenic effects from medications during the first trimester, but it is drug specific. The use of medications in pregnancy should be evaluated for the benefits and risks to both the mother and fetus. Upon evaluation, some medications may be ...
... fetus is generally at the greatest risk of developing teratogenic effects from medications during the first trimester, but it is drug specific. The use of medications in pregnancy should be evaluated for the benefits and risks to both the mother and fetus. Upon evaluation, some medications may be ...
sulfonamide residues determination in commercial poultry meat
... The study was conducted to determine the residual level of sulfonamides in poultry meat and eggs. This drug is frequently used in poultry and suspected residues present in meat and eggs may be injurious to human health. A total of 30 egg samples, each consisting of 3 eggs, and 30 breast meat samples ...
... The study was conducted to determine the residual level of sulfonamides in poultry meat and eggs. This drug is frequently used in poultry and suspected residues present in meat and eggs may be injurious to human health. A total of 30 egg samples, each consisting of 3 eggs, and 30 breast meat samples ...
Neurology Fact Sheet ACVIM Fact Sheet: Encephalitis Overview
... immune-mediated encephalitis than larger breeds. Encephalitis in cats appears to be less common than it is in dogs; the cause more often infection related. Recent research has linked gene defects to a certain type of immune-mediated encephalitis (Pug dog encephalitis). Research into the causes and t ...
... immune-mediated encephalitis than larger breeds. Encephalitis in cats appears to be less common than it is in dogs; the cause more often infection related. Recent research has linked gene defects to a certain type of immune-mediated encephalitis (Pug dog encephalitis). Research into the causes and t ...
Murine Typhus: An Unrecognized Suburban Vectorborne Disease
... then spreading peripherally, sparing the palms and soles; lasting 1–4 days; and occurring, on average, ∼1 week after the onset of fever [4, 35]. Flea bites are occasionally found during examination and were reported in 13.6% of cases in a study from the Canary Islands, Spain [30], and in 39% of case ...
... then spreading peripherally, sparing the palms and soles; lasting 1–4 days; and occurring, on average, ∼1 week after the onset of fever [4, 35]. Flea bites are occasionally found during examination and were reported in 13.6% of cases in a study from the Canary Islands, Spain [30], and in 39% of case ...
1. Veterinary Services Background
... 2.2 Challenges regarding technical authority and capability • Some veterinary laboratories at the county level can not meet the requirements of ISO 17025. • Most of the veterinary agencies are not skilled in risk analysis techniques. • There is no national legislation on animal welfare. ...
... 2.2 Challenges regarding technical authority and capability • Some veterinary laboratories at the county level can not meet the requirements of ISO 17025. • Most of the veterinary agencies are not skilled in risk analysis techniques. • There is no national legislation on animal welfare. ...
Revised: January 2017 AN: 01287/2016 SUMMARY OF PRODUCT
... Cimetidine may decrease the hepatic metabolism of metronidazole resulting in increased serum concentration of metronidazole. Phenobarbital may increase hepatic metabolism of metronidazole resulting in decreased serum concentration of metronidazole. 4.9 Amounts to be administered and administration r ...
... Cimetidine may decrease the hepatic metabolism of metronidazole resulting in increased serum concentration of metronidazole. Phenobarbital may increase hepatic metabolism of metronidazole resulting in decreased serum concentration of metronidazole. 4.9 Amounts to be administered and administration r ...
Revised: January 2017 AN: 01287/2016 SUMMARY OF PRODUCT
... Cimetidine may decrease the hepatic metabolism of metronidazole resulting in increased serum concentration of metronidazole. Phenobarbital may increase hepatic metabolism of metronidazole resulting in decreased serum concentration of metronidazole. 4.9 Amounts to be administered and administration r ...
... Cimetidine may decrease the hepatic metabolism of metronidazole resulting in increased serum concentration of metronidazole. Phenobarbital may increase hepatic metabolism of metronidazole resulting in decreased serum concentration of metronidazole. 4.9 Amounts to be administered and administration r ...
Laboratory-Acquired Infections in Belgium
... carried out in an anonymous way. The survey was available in Dutch, French and English and was made accessible for at least 3 months. On average every 2 weeks a reminder e-mail was sent to the institutions that had not completed the survey or did not respond to the invitation. In total approximately ...
... carried out in an anonymous way. The survey was available in Dutch, French and English and was made accessible for at least 3 months. On average every 2 weeks a reminder e-mail was sent to the institutions that had not completed the survey or did not respond to the invitation. In total approximately ...
Fasciolosis
Fasciolosis (also known as fascioliasis, fasciolasis, distomatosis and liver rot) is a parasitic worm infection caused by the common liver fluke Fasciola hepatica as well as by Fasciola gigantica. The disease is a plant-borne trematode zoonosis, and is classified as a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD). It affects humans, but its main host is ruminants such as cattle and sheep. The disease progresses through four distinct phases; an initial incubation phase of between a few days up to three months with little or no symptoms; an invasive or acute phase which may manifest with: fever, malaise, abdominal pain, gastrointestinal symptoms, urticaria, anemia, jaundice, and respiratory symptoms. The disease later progresses to a latent phase with less symptoms and ultimately into a chronic or obstructive phase months to years later. In the chronic state the disease causes inflammation of the bile ducts, gall bladder and may cause gall stones as well as fibrosis. While chronic inflammation is connected to increased cancer rates it is unclear whether fasciolosis is associated with increased cancer risk.Up to half of those infected display no symptoms, and diagnosis is difficult because eggs are often missed in fecal examination. The methods of detection are through fecal examination, parasite-specific antibody detection, radiological diagnosis as well as laparotomy. In case of a suspected outbreak it may be useful to keep track of dietary history, which is also useful for exclusion of differential diagnoses. Fecal examination is generally not helpful because eggs can seldom be detected in the chronic phase of the infection and detection of eggs. Eggs appear in the feces first between 9–11 weeks post-infection. The cause of this is unknown, and the it is also difficult to distinguish between the different species of fasciola as well distinguishing them from Echinostomes and Fasciolopsis. Most immunodiagnostic tests detect infection with very high sensitivity and as concentration drops after treatment it is a very good diagnostic method. Clinically it is not possible to differentiate from other liver and bile diseases. Radiological methods can detect lesions in both acute and chronic infection, while laparotomy will detect lesions and also occasionally eggs and live worms.Because of the size of the parasite (adult F. hepatica: 20–30 × 13 mm, adult F. gigantica: 25–75×12 mm) fasciolosis is a big concern. The amount of symptoms depend on how many worms and what stage the infection is in. The death rate is significant in both sheep and cattle, but generally low among humans. Treatment with triclabendazole is highly effective against the adult worms as well as various developing stages. Praziquantel is not effective, and older drugs such as bithionol are moderately effective but also cause more side effects. Secondary bacterial infection causing cholangitis is also a concern and can be treated with antibiotics, and toxaemia may be treated with prednisolone.Humans are infected by eating watergrown plants, primarily wild grown watercress in Europe and morning glory in Asia. Infection may also occur by drinking contaminated water with floating young fasciola or when using utensils washed with contaminated water. Cultivated plants do not spread the disease in the same capacity. Human infection is rare even if the infection rate is high among animals. Especially high rates of human infection have been found in Bolivia, Peru and Egypt, and this may be due to consumption of certain foods. No vaccine is available to protect people against Fasciola infection. Preventative measures are primarily treating and immunization the livestock – which are required for the live cycle of the worms. Veterinary vaccines are in development and their use is being considered by a number of countries on account of the risk to human health and economic losses resulting from livestock infection. Other methods include using molluscicides to decrease the amount of snails that act as vectors, but it is not practical. Educational methods to decrease consumption of wild watercress and other waterplants has been shown to work in areas with a high disease burden. In some areas of the world where fascioliasis is found (endemic), special control programs are in place or are planned. The types of control measures depend on the setting (such as epidemiologic, ecologic, and cultural factors). Strict control of the growth and sale of watercress and other edible water plants is important.Individual people can protect themselves by not eating raw watercress and other water plants, especially from endemic grazing areas. Travelers to areas with poor sanitation should avoid food and water that might be contaminated (tainted). Vegetables grown in fields that might have been irrigated with polluted water should be thoroughly cooked, as should viscera from potentially infected animals. Fascioliasis occurs in Europe, Africa, the Americas as well as Oceania. Recently, worldwide losses in animal productivity due to fasciolosis were conservatively estimated at over US$3.2 billion per annum. Fasciolosis is now recognized as an emerging human disease: the World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that 2.4 million people are infected with Fasciola, and a further 180 million are at risk of infection.