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Can People Really Get Sick From Going To Petting Zoos? How Do
... A few infectious diseases, such as ringworm, can be spread simply by touching an infected site on an animal. Transmission of infectious agents through the air is a very minor concern at petting zoos. The most important disease that can be transmitted this way is Q-fever (Coxiella burnetii), which is ...
... A few infectious diseases, such as ringworm, can be spread simply by touching an infected site on an animal. Transmission of infectious agents through the air is a very minor concern at petting zoos. The most important disease that can be transmitted this way is Q-fever (Coxiella burnetii), which is ...
CMS2014InfectionControlStandards
... www.aami.org/publication/standards/ST79_Immediate_Use_Statement.pdf ...
... www.aami.org/publication/standards/ST79_Immediate_Use_Statement.pdf ...
Leendertz et al., 2006 - The Nunn Lab at Duke University
... evening), increasing time spent resting during the day, decreasing food intake rate, and the decreasing ability to keep up with other animals. Overt clinical signs can be also be observed and recorded, including increased respiratory rate, panting, or inability to sustain physical activity (all of w ...
... evening), increasing time spent resting during the day, decreasing food intake rate, and the decreasing ability to keep up with other animals. Overt clinical signs can be also be observed and recorded, including increased respiratory rate, panting, or inability to sustain physical activity (all of w ...
NTF Code of Practice for Infectious Diseases of Racehorses in
... conditions, as that is the remit of your own veterinary surgeon, but rather to provide an initial reference site with broad guidelines that if followed, will minimise the risk of infectious disease spreading within a yard or to other groups of horses in that training centre, or at the racetrack or f ...
... conditions, as that is the remit of your own veterinary surgeon, but rather to provide an initial reference site with broad guidelines that if followed, will minimise the risk of infectious disease spreading within a yard or to other groups of horses in that training centre, or at the racetrack or f ...
Hepatitis B FAQ document - National Institute for Communicable
... acute HBV, but younger children tend to have asymptomatic infection. Symptoms of acute HBV include fever, tiredness, appetite loss, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, darkened urine, claycoloured bowel movements, joint pain and jaundice. The majority of persons with acute HBV recover fully. Rarely, a ...
... acute HBV, but younger children tend to have asymptomatic infection. Symptoms of acute HBV include fever, tiredness, appetite loss, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, darkened urine, claycoloured bowel movements, joint pain and jaundice. The majority of persons with acute HBV recover fully. Rarely, a ...
summary of product characteristics
... gastrointestinal disease. Such irritation may clinically be manifested by production of black manure due to blood loss in the gastrointestinal tract. Inhibition of normal blood clotting may occur incidentally. If this effect occurs it will be reversible and effects will diminish within approximately ...
... gastrointestinal disease. Such irritation may clinically be manifested by production of black manure due to blood loss in the gastrointestinal tract. Inhibition of normal blood clotting may occur incidentally. If this effect occurs it will be reversible and effects will diminish within approximately ...
Infection Control Program
... source individual’s blood tests, if available. 2.1.5. The designated clinic must then collect a blood sample from the exposed employee and test it for HBV and HIV serological status. If the employee does not give consent for HIV baseline testing, the employee’s blood sample must be kept for at least ...
... source individual’s blood tests, if available. 2.1.5. The designated clinic must then collect a blood sample from the exposed employee and test it for HBV and HIV serological status. If the employee does not give consent for HIV baseline testing, the employee’s blood sample must be kept for at least ...
Title: Hormonal Profiles in sows infected with Atypical Porcine
... flunixin meglumine by Cort N et al 1990 ). Parturition itself is characterized by an increase in an increase in estrogen, rapid fall in progesterone, elevations of prostaglandins and oxytocin and elevations in both maternal and fetal cortisol levels. By manipulating the levels of some of these horm ...
... flunixin meglumine by Cort N et al 1990 ). Parturition itself is characterized by an increase in an increase in estrogen, rapid fall in progesterone, elevations of prostaglandins and oxytocin and elevations in both maternal and fetal cortisol levels. By manipulating the levels of some of these horm ...
Clinical Aspects of Tuberculosis
... Department of Infection in Sheffield – Criteria for procedure – Past history TB or contact with TB in last year – Respiratory symptoms of one or more of: ...
... Department of Infection in Sheffield – Criteria for procedure – Past history TB or contact with TB in last year – Respiratory symptoms of one or more of: ...
Summary of general activities related to the disease
... with a solid spongeous support, all with mycobactin) for paratuberculosis diagnosis on free or infected-considered goat flocks. These flocks were chosen from a high intensive breeding region, and presenting different infectious status. The study is still ongoing, but very promising results have been ...
... with a solid spongeous support, all with mycobactin) for paratuberculosis diagnosis on free or infected-considered goat flocks. These flocks were chosen from a high intensive breeding region, and presenting different infectious status. The study is still ongoing, but very promising results have been ...
common diseases of pet rabbits
... What are some of the common diseases of pet rabbits? Common conditions of pet rabbits include snuffles, hairballs, parasites, overgrown incisors, uterine cancer, and sore hocks. What are the signs of these diseases? "Snuffles" is the lay term given to infection with the Pasteurella bacterium. Most c ...
... What are some of the common diseases of pet rabbits? Common conditions of pet rabbits include snuffles, hairballs, parasites, overgrown incisors, uterine cancer, and sore hocks. What are the signs of these diseases? "Snuffles" is the lay term given to infection with the Pasteurella bacterium. Most c ...
Toxoplasma gondii (description for intermediate hosts) - GV
... study of the changes induced in the brains of white mice by infection with Toxoplasma gondii. British Journal of Experimental Pathology 65, 67-74 Luder CG, Lang T, Beuerle B, et al. (1998) Down-regulation of MHC class II molecules and inability to up-regulate class I molecules in murine macrophages ...
... study of the changes induced in the brains of white mice by infection with Toxoplasma gondii. British Journal of Experimental Pathology 65, 67-74 Luder CG, Lang T, Beuerle B, et al. (1998) Down-regulation of MHC class II molecules and inability to up-regulate class I molecules in murine macrophages ...
Infectious calf diarrhea
... providing the sugars, proteins and lack of oxygen for rapid growth of Clostridium perfringens. Wet conditions also seem to favor this organism Clinical signs: Affected calves show uneasiness and strain or kick at their abdomen. Calves are often found dead without having shown any symptoms Occura ...
... providing the sugars, proteins and lack of oxygen for rapid growth of Clostridium perfringens. Wet conditions also seem to favor this organism Clinical signs: Affected calves show uneasiness and strain or kick at their abdomen. Calves are often found dead without having shown any symptoms Occura ...
Evaluating Transmission of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus to Cattle by
... of a reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-nPCR) to detect bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) associated with in vitro-derived bovine embryos and co-cultured cells. Theriogenol- ...
... of a reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-nPCR) to detect bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) associated with in vitro-derived bovine embryos and co-cultured cells. Theriogenol- ...
Determining the Infection Status of a Herd
... and Johnson (1992), or informally taking account of the costs associated with making Type I and Type II errors—whether to perform some kind of intervention, or not. Alternatively, it may be a governmental veterinarian who would be asked to provide prior input. In this instance, the input may not be ...
... and Johnson (1992), or informally taking account of the costs associated with making Type I and Type II errors—whether to perform some kind of intervention, or not. Alternatively, it may be a governmental veterinarian who would be asked to provide prior input. In this instance, the input may not be ...
Relationships between genetic change and infectious disease in
... number of important diseases (so that the "phenotype of actual interest" cannot be clearly defined). In that respect, the above mentioned absence of a genetic relationship between the antibody production of Pinard's chickens and their resistance to a specific disease (i.e. Marek's) is at first sight ...
... number of important diseases (so that the "phenotype of actual interest" cannot be clearly defined). In that respect, the above mentioned absence of a genetic relationship between the antibody production of Pinard's chickens and their resistance to a specific disease (i.e. Marek's) is at first sight ...
Fasciolosis
Fasciolosis (also known as fascioliasis, fasciolasis, distomatosis and liver rot) is a parasitic worm infection caused by the common liver fluke Fasciola hepatica as well as by Fasciola gigantica. The disease is a plant-borne trematode zoonosis, and is classified as a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD). It affects humans, but its main host is ruminants such as cattle and sheep. The disease progresses through four distinct phases; an initial incubation phase of between a few days up to three months with little or no symptoms; an invasive or acute phase which may manifest with: fever, malaise, abdominal pain, gastrointestinal symptoms, urticaria, anemia, jaundice, and respiratory symptoms. The disease later progresses to a latent phase with less symptoms and ultimately into a chronic or obstructive phase months to years later. In the chronic state the disease causes inflammation of the bile ducts, gall bladder and may cause gall stones as well as fibrosis. While chronic inflammation is connected to increased cancer rates it is unclear whether fasciolosis is associated with increased cancer risk.Up to half of those infected display no symptoms, and diagnosis is difficult because eggs are often missed in fecal examination. The methods of detection are through fecal examination, parasite-specific antibody detection, radiological diagnosis as well as laparotomy. In case of a suspected outbreak it may be useful to keep track of dietary history, which is also useful for exclusion of differential diagnoses. Fecal examination is generally not helpful because eggs can seldom be detected in the chronic phase of the infection and detection of eggs. Eggs appear in the feces first between 9–11 weeks post-infection. The cause of this is unknown, and the it is also difficult to distinguish between the different species of fasciola as well distinguishing them from Echinostomes and Fasciolopsis. Most immunodiagnostic tests detect infection with very high sensitivity and as concentration drops after treatment it is a very good diagnostic method. Clinically it is not possible to differentiate from other liver and bile diseases. Radiological methods can detect lesions in both acute and chronic infection, while laparotomy will detect lesions and also occasionally eggs and live worms.Because of the size of the parasite (adult F. hepatica: 20–30 × 13 mm, adult F. gigantica: 25–75×12 mm) fasciolosis is a big concern. The amount of symptoms depend on how many worms and what stage the infection is in. The death rate is significant in both sheep and cattle, but generally low among humans. Treatment with triclabendazole is highly effective against the adult worms as well as various developing stages. Praziquantel is not effective, and older drugs such as bithionol are moderately effective but also cause more side effects. Secondary bacterial infection causing cholangitis is also a concern and can be treated with antibiotics, and toxaemia may be treated with prednisolone.Humans are infected by eating watergrown plants, primarily wild grown watercress in Europe and morning glory in Asia. Infection may also occur by drinking contaminated water with floating young fasciola or when using utensils washed with contaminated water. Cultivated plants do not spread the disease in the same capacity. Human infection is rare even if the infection rate is high among animals. Especially high rates of human infection have been found in Bolivia, Peru and Egypt, and this may be due to consumption of certain foods. No vaccine is available to protect people against Fasciola infection. Preventative measures are primarily treating and immunization the livestock – which are required for the live cycle of the worms. Veterinary vaccines are in development and their use is being considered by a number of countries on account of the risk to human health and economic losses resulting from livestock infection. Other methods include using molluscicides to decrease the amount of snails that act as vectors, but it is not practical. Educational methods to decrease consumption of wild watercress and other waterplants has been shown to work in areas with a high disease burden. In some areas of the world where fascioliasis is found (endemic), special control programs are in place or are planned. The types of control measures depend on the setting (such as epidemiologic, ecologic, and cultural factors). Strict control of the growth and sale of watercress and other edible water plants is important.Individual people can protect themselves by not eating raw watercress and other water plants, especially from endemic grazing areas. Travelers to areas with poor sanitation should avoid food and water that might be contaminated (tainted). Vegetables grown in fields that might have been irrigated with polluted water should be thoroughly cooked, as should viscera from potentially infected animals. Fascioliasis occurs in Europe, Africa, the Americas as well as Oceania. Recently, worldwide losses in animal productivity due to fasciolosis were conservatively estimated at over US$3.2 billion per annum. Fasciolosis is now recognized as an emerging human disease: the World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that 2.4 million people are infected with Fasciola, and a further 180 million are at risk of infection.