![Introduction to Parasitology](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/008709298_1-e05a2fa4ad382c3b18a49d272247dabc-300x300.png)
Investigating cases of sudden and unexpected death in small animal
... performed initially, in much the same way as you would undertake a physical examination (Fig. 5) in a live patient.This enables you to look for such things as evidence of trauma. With regard to the internal examination once inside the body cavities, everything should be examined: all solid organs sh ...
... performed initially, in much the same way as you would undertake a physical examination (Fig. 5) in a live patient.This enables you to look for such things as evidence of trauma. With regard to the internal examination once inside the body cavities, everything should be examined: all solid organs sh ...
Revised: June 2013 AN: 00550/2012 SUMMARY OF PRODUCT
... Do not use in horses known to be hypersensitive to the active ingredients or any of the other ingredients. The product has been formulated for use in horses only. Cats, Dogs (especially Collies, Old English Sheepdogs and related breeds or crosses), and also turtles and tortoises may be adversely aff ...
... Do not use in horses known to be hypersensitive to the active ingredients or any of the other ingredients. The product has been formulated for use in horses only. Cats, Dogs (especially Collies, Old English Sheepdogs and related breeds or crosses), and also turtles and tortoises may be adversely aff ...
Plant poisoning in New Zealand
... ofpoisoning. Hungystockare morelikely to suffer poisoning and travelling stock may seek out unusual plants because they have an empty stomach. Stock may graze paddocks containing known toxic plants, e.g. ragwort or tutu, or have access to plants suck as ngaio or macrocarpa without ill effect but wil ...
... ofpoisoning. Hungystockare morelikely to suffer poisoning and travelling stock may seek out unusual plants because they have an empty stomach. Stock may graze paddocks containing known toxic plants, e.g. ragwort or tutu, or have access to plants suck as ngaio or macrocarpa without ill effect but wil ...
Dairy Goat Society of Australia (DGS)
... be drenched with drenched with worms drenches from four different drench families, including one of the two new worm drenches ( Zolvix and Startect). However the only worm drenches registered for goats are from 2 families (plus a small paste product only suitable for 1 or 2 pet goats). Neither of th ...
... be drenched with drenched with worms drenches from four different drench families, including one of the two new worm drenches ( Zolvix and Startect). However the only worm drenches registered for goats are from 2 families (plus a small paste product only suitable for 1 or 2 pet goats). Neither of th ...
Lyme Disease fact sheet
... be low. Ticks are found in wooded or bushy areas with lots of leaves on the ground or where there are tall grasses. Lawns, mowed grass, sports fields or paved areas are not where blacklegged ticks are usually found. Ticks cannot fly or jump. Instead, they wait for a host (person, animal or bird), re ...
... be low. Ticks are found in wooded or bushy areas with lots of leaves on the ground or where there are tall grasses. Lawns, mowed grass, sports fields or paved areas are not where blacklegged ticks are usually found. Ticks cannot fly or jump. Instead, they wait for a host (person, animal or bird), re ...
Toxoplasma gondii - Food Standards Australia New Zealand
... is comprised of three highly abundant and overrepresented genetic lineages, commonly referred to as genotypes I, II and III, amongst a diverse array of related genotypes (Su et al. 2012). The three clonal lineages are very closely related but the small genetic differences result in distinct phenotyp ...
... is comprised of three highly abundant and overrepresented genetic lineages, commonly referred to as genotypes I, II and III, amongst a diverse array of related genotypes (Su et al. 2012). The three clonal lineages are very closely related but the small genetic differences result in distinct phenotyp ...
Protect your dog against this contagious and potentially fatal disease.
... is the best people to diagnose and treat Leptospirosis because Leptospirosis can look like many other diseases. It is a challenge to diagnose quickly and may require numerous blood and urine tests. The diagnostic process can be frustrating and costly. To effectively treat Leptospirosis, Legacy Veter ...
... is the best people to diagnose and treat Leptospirosis because Leptospirosis can look like many other diseases. It is a challenge to diagnose quickly and may require numerous blood and urine tests. The diagnostic process can be frustrating and costly. To effectively treat Leptospirosis, Legacy Veter ...
Research for Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) Virus Antibodies in
... disease is still endemic. Seroprevalence and outbreak of the disease have been reported to occur in North-eastern Nigeria (El-Yuguda et al., 2009, 2013). It has been reported that climatic factors, seasonal and geographical variations influence PPR outbreak (Abubakar et al., 2009; Salih et al. 2014) ...
... disease is still endemic. Seroprevalence and outbreak of the disease have been reported to occur in North-eastern Nigeria (El-Yuguda et al., 2009, 2013). It has been reported that climatic factors, seasonal and geographical variations influence PPR outbreak (Abubakar et al., 2009; Salih et al. 2014) ...
Ear Disease in Dogs - Juno Beach Animal Hospital
... infections. Many of these ears are infected with bacteria with wide resistance to antibiotics, and in the past most of these patients were sent to surgery, often for removal of the entire ear canal! The focus now is for early and aggressive treatment of these infections with the goal of avoiding sur ...
... infections. Many of these ears are infected with bacteria with wide resistance to antibiotics, and in the past most of these patients were sent to surgery, often for removal of the entire ear canal! The focus now is for early and aggressive treatment of these infections with the goal of avoiding sur ...
Disease considerations in the introduction of domestic sheep and
... alcelaphine antelope rarely if ever have clinical MCF, being usually asymptomatic carriers (Heuschele, 1993). ...
... alcelaphine antelope rarely if ever have clinical MCF, being usually asymptomatic carriers (Heuschele, 1993). ...
Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of World
... encountered zoonoses are contracted through direct or indirect human contact with other domestic species/wildlife. The goal of this presentation is to increase awareness of those diseases of equids that have zoonotic potential, to review their relative public health significance, and to provide info ...
... encountered zoonoses are contracted through direct or indirect human contact with other domestic species/wildlife. The goal of this presentation is to increase awareness of those diseases of equids that have zoonotic potential, to review their relative public health significance, and to provide info ...
Principles and Strategies for the Prevention and Control of Infectious
... as for the economic burden caused by these diseases. A concern for producers is that they are usually also given the responsibility for the control of the food-borne zoonoses (e.g. Salmonella and Campylobacter), despite those diseases seldom causing any significant clinical disorders or economic los ...
... as for the economic burden caused by these diseases. A concern for producers is that they are usually also given the responsibility for the control of the food-borne zoonoses (e.g. Salmonella and Campylobacter), despite those diseases seldom causing any significant clinical disorders or economic los ...
International Journal of Livestock Research ISSN 2277
... and parasites which originated from animal or products of animal origin (Pal, 2005). Many of these diseases were either unknown because we were not able to isolate the infectious agent or to distinguish them from other clinical syndromes of discovered accidentally. Much of the recent identification ...
... and parasites which originated from animal or products of animal origin (Pal, 2005). Many of these diseases were either unknown because we were not able to isolate the infectious agent or to distinguish them from other clinical syndromes of discovered accidentally. Much of the recent identification ...
EHV-1 Consensus Statement Equine Herpesvirus-1
... of latent EHV-1 infection can be influenced by the geographic region, management practices, and other factors. Similarly, the testing technology and, importantly, the tissue sampled will have major effects on the sensitivity of testing. Nevertheless, current estimates of the prevalence of latent EHV- ...
... of latent EHV-1 infection can be influenced by the geographic region, management practices, and other factors. Similarly, the testing technology and, importantly, the tissue sampled will have major effects on the sensitivity of testing. Nevertheless, current estimates of the prevalence of latent EHV- ...
Equine Herpesvirus-1 Consensus Statement
... of latent EHV-1 infection can be influenced by the geographic region, management practices, and other factors. Similarly, the testing technology and, importantly, the tissue sampled will have major effects on the sensitivity of testing. Nevertheless, current estimates of the prevalence of latent EHV- ...
... of latent EHV-1 infection can be influenced by the geographic region, management practices, and other factors. Similarly, the testing technology and, importantly, the tissue sampled will have major effects on the sensitivity of testing. Nevertheless, current estimates of the prevalence of latent EHV- ...
Fasciolosis
Fasciolosis (also known as fascioliasis, fasciolasis, distomatosis and liver rot) is a parasitic worm infection caused by the common liver fluke Fasciola hepatica as well as by Fasciola gigantica. The disease is a plant-borne trematode zoonosis, and is classified as a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD). It affects humans, but its main host is ruminants such as cattle and sheep. The disease progresses through four distinct phases; an initial incubation phase of between a few days up to three months with little or no symptoms; an invasive or acute phase which may manifest with: fever, malaise, abdominal pain, gastrointestinal symptoms, urticaria, anemia, jaundice, and respiratory symptoms. The disease later progresses to a latent phase with less symptoms and ultimately into a chronic or obstructive phase months to years later. In the chronic state the disease causes inflammation of the bile ducts, gall bladder and may cause gall stones as well as fibrosis. While chronic inflammation is connected to increased cancer rates it is unclear whether fasciolosis is associated with increased cancer risk.Up to half of those infected display no symptoms, and diagnosis is difficult because eggs are often missed in fecal examination. The methods of detection are through fecal examination, parasite-specific antibody detection, radiological diagnosis as well as laparotomy. In case of a suspected outbreak it may be useful to keep track of dietary history, which is also useful for exclusion of differential diagnoses. Fecal examination is generally not helpful because eggs can seldom be detected in the chronic phase of the infection and detection of eggs. Eggs appear in the feces first between 9–11 weeks post-infection. The cause of this is unknown, and the it is also difficult to distinguish between the different species of fasciola as well distinguishing them from Echinostomes and Fasciolopsis. Most immunodiagnostic tests detect infection with very high sensitivity and as concentration drops after treatment it is a very good diagnostic method. Clinically it is not possible to differentiate from other liver and bile diseases. Radiological methods can detect lesions in both acute and chronic infection, while laparotomy will detect lesions and also occasionally eggs and live worms.Because of the size of the parasite (adult F. hepatica: 20–30 × 13 mm, adult F. gigantica: 25–75×12 mm) fasciolosis is a big concern. The amount of symptoms depend on how many worms and what stage the infection is in. The death rate is significant in both sheep and cattle, but generally low among humans. Treatment with triclabendazole is highly effective against the adult worms as well as various developing stages. Praziquantel is not effective, and older drugs such as bithionol are moderately effective but also cause more side effects. Secondary bacterial infection causing cholangitis is also a concern and can be treated with antibiotics, and toxaemia may be treated with prednisolone.Humans are infected by eating watergrown plants, primarily wild grown watercress in Europe and morning glory in Asia. Infection may also occur by drinking contaminated water with floating young fasciola or when using utensils washed with contaminated water. Cultivated plants do not spread the disease in the same capacity. Human infection is rare even if the infection rate is high among animals. Especially high rates of human infection have been found in Bolivia, Peru and Egypt, and this may be due to consumption of certain foods. No vaccine is available to protect people against Fasciola infection. Preventative measures are primarily treating and immunization the livestock – which are required for the live cycle of the worms. Veterinary vaccines are in development and their use is being considered by a number of countries on account of the risk to human health and economic losses resulting from livestock infection. Other methods include using molluscicides to decrease the amount of snails that act as vectors, but it is not practical. Educational methods to decrease consumption of wild watercress and other waterplants has been shown to work in areas with a high disease burden. In some areas of the world where fascioliasis is found (endemic), special control programs are in place or are planned. The types of control measures depend on the setting (such as epidemiologic, ecologic, and cultural factors). Strict control of the growth and sale of watercress and other edible water plants is important.Individual people can protect themselves by not eating raw watercress and other water plants, especially from endemic grazing areas. Travelers to areas with poor sanitation should avoid food and water that might be contaminated (tainted). Vegetables grown in fields that might have been irrigated with polluted water should be thoroughly cooked, as should viscera from potentially infected animals. Fascioliasis occurs in Europe, Africa, the Americas as well as Oceania. Recently, worldwide losses in animal productivity due to fasciolosis were conservatively estimated at over US$3.2 billion per annum. Fasciolosis is now recognized as an emerging human disease: the World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that 2.4 million people are infected with Fasciola, and a further 180 million are at risk of infection.