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agriculture - the Hawaii Ant Lab
... infested gardens. These ‘social’ impacts are rarely included in assessments of damage by agricultural agencies (Fasi et al. 2009). Compounding these ‘social’ impacts, many common crop pests thrive in the presence of invasive ants, especially hemiptera in which ants actively tend for their carbohydra ...
... infested gardens. These ‘social’ impacts are rarely included in assessments of damage by agricultural agencies (Fasi et al. 2009). Compounding these ‘social’ impacts, many common crop pests thrive in the presence of invasive ants, especially hemiptera in which ants actively tend for their carbohydra ...
Hostplant genotype mediates supply and demand of animal food in
... herbivores on willow. Both larvae/nymphs and adults of these insects feed on the leaves and may cause severe damage and growth losses to the plants (Björkman et al., 2000). Most species in these two groups are specialised herbivores that feed on a narrow range of host plants. Cacopsylla overwinters ...
... herbivores on willow. Both larvae/nymphs and adults of these insects feed on the leaves and may cause severe damage and growth losses to the plants (Björkman et al., 2000). Most species in these two groups are specialised herbivores that feed on a narrow range of host plants. Cacopsylla overwinters ...
- Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies
... endoparasitoids of Diptera and Lepidoptera as shown in table 1, though a few species attack neuroptera, coleoptera and hymenoptera. Most of them are idiobionts, depositing eggs into more or less fully grown hosts. These host stages may be as mature larvae (in the case of parasitoids of Diptera), or ...
... endoparasitoids of Diptera and Lepidoptera as shown in table 1, though a few species attack neuroptera, coleoptera and hymenoptera. Most of them are idiobionts, depositing eggs into more or less fully grown hosts. These host stages may be as mature larvae (in the case of parasitoids of Diptera), or ...
S. altissima
... bud (Fig. 1)(1). Fly galls are subject to predation from birds and other insects, including a beetle and two parasitic wasps (1). This interaction has been used to demonstrate balancing selection and to study trophic interactions (1,2,3). An open question remains whether host plant or habitat specia ...
... bud (Fig. 1)(1). Fly galls are subject to predation from birds and other insects, including a beetle and two parasitic wasps (1). This interaction has been used to demonstrate balancing selection and to study trophic interactions (1,2,3). An open question remains whether host plant or habitat specia ...
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... poorly understood is the close functional, structural, or phylogenetic association sometimes existing between herbivory- and pollination-related traits. In Hypericum flowers, the same UV pigments play a defensive role in the stamens and ovaries and an attractive role in the petals (21). In tropical ...
... poorly understood is the close functional, structural, or phylogenetic association sometimes existing between herbivory- and pollination-related traits. In Hypericum flowers, the same UV pigments play a defensive role in the stamens and ovaries and an attractive role in the petals (21). In tropical ...
Effect of high temperatures on cone opening and on the release and
... (table II) between species and treatments. For this reason we analysed the effects of the treatments on seed dispersal for each species separately. The percentage of seeds released in P. pinaster is fairly homogenous for all treatments and the ANOVA did not detect any significant differences between ...
... (table II) between species and treatments. For this reason we analysed the effects of the treatments on seed dispersal for each species separately. The percentage of seeds released in P. pinaster is fairly homogenous for all treatments and the ANOVA did not detect any significant differences between ...
spatial habitat heterogeneity influences competition
... limiting host trees; more subordinate species were replaced by dominants on faster growing trees, while more dominant species tended to be replaced by subordinates on slower growing trees. However, whether variation in host tree growth rate is a cause or correlate of competitive outcomes was not det ...
... limiting host trees; more subordinate species were replaced by dominants on faster growing trees, while more dominant species tended to be replaced by subordinates on slower growing trees. However, whether variation in host tree growth rate is a cause or correlate of competitive outcomes was not det ...
Evolution in metacommunities - Philosophical Transactions of the
... A metacommunity can be defined as a set of communities that are linked by migration, and extinction and recolonization. In metacommunities, evolution can occur not only by processes that occur within communities such as drift and individual selection, but also by among-community processes, such as d ...
... A metacommunity can be defined as a set of communities that are linked by migration, and extinction and recolonization. In metacommunities, evolution can occur not only by processes that occur within communities such as drift and individual selection, but also by among-community processes, such as d ...
Introduction to entomology - CNR WEB SITE
... Exoskeleton -this is a marvelous structure that not only gives shape and support to the body's soft tissues, but also provides protection from attack or injury, minimizes the loss of body fluids in both arid and freshwater environments, and assures mechanical advantage to muscles for strength and ag ...
... Exoskeleton -this is a marvelous structure that not only gives shape and support to the body's soft tissues, but also provides protection from attack or injury, minimizes the loss of body fluids in both arid and freshwater environments, and assures mechanical advantage to muscles for strength and ag ...
Darwin`s Finches
... Now that the practice is over, on to the life and death competition. You have 30 seconds to get enough food to survive and more importantly, to reproduce. The bird with the LEAST amount of food at the end of the round dies and doesn’t pass on its genes. The bird with the MOST calories has lots of ba ...
... Now that the practice is over, on to the life and death competition. You have 30 seconds to get enough food to survive and more importantly, to reproduce. The bird with the LEAST amount of food at the end of the round dies and doesn’t pass on its genes. The bird with the MOST calories has lots of ba ...
Uganda-Plant and Forest Ecology
... The taxonomic grouping referred to as Ficus natalensis is one of the most widespread of all the Ficus species. The group contains species that support the most diverse fig wasp communities in the world. This study examined one of these communities in the Kibale National Park in Uganda. The study sor ...
... The taxonomic grouping referred to as Ficus natalensis is one of the most widespread of all the Ficus species. The group contains species that support the most diverse fig wasp communities in the world. This study examined one of these communities in the Kibale National Park in Uganda. The study sor ...
Herron-SweetC0814 - ScholarWorks
... An invasive species is a non-native organism “whose introduction does or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health” (Executive Order 13112 1999). In terms of their ecology, invasive plants are considered non-native plants that, once introduced and establish, can sprea ...
... An invasive species is a non-native organism “whose introduction does or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health” (Executive Order 13112 1999). In terms of their ecology, invasive plants are considered non-native plants that, once introduced and establish, can sprea ...
SCNPS Journal Winter 2012 - the South Carolina Native Plant Society!
... Greetings, fellow SCNPS members. Firstly, I want to thank Mary Morrison (president of the Piedmont Chapter), Piedmont Chapter members, and State Board members for all their efforts in putting together an enjoyable and informative symposium at Winthrop College this past May. We had a great agenda of ...
... Greetings, fellow SCNPS members. Firstly, I want to thank Mary Morrison (president of the Piedmont Chapter), Piedmont Chapter members, and State Board members for all their efforts in putting together an enjoyable and informative symposium at Winthrop College this past May. We had a great agenda of ...
Insect Ecology
... • Probably slightly over one million species of insects have been described, that is, have been recorded in a taxonomic publication as „new” (to science that is), accompanied by description and often with illustrations or some other means of recognizing the particular insect species. • Since some in ...
... • Probably slightly over one million species of insects have been described, that is, have been recorded in a taxonomic publication as „new” (to science that is), accompanied by description and often with illustrations or some other means of recognizing the particular insect species. • Since some in ...
Unit 2 - AGNR Groups
... All that having been said, today we understand the world differently than in the time of Linnaeus. Specifically, we know how evolution has shaped the origin of new species. We also have a wider variety of characteristics to use to classify organisms. Genetic characters have largely changed the face ...
... All that having been said, today we understand the world differently than in the time of Linnaeus. Specifically, we know how evolution has shaped the origin of new species. We also have a wider variety of characteristics to use to classify organisms. Genetic characters have largely changed the face ...
Processes of ecometric patterning: modelling functional traits
... weak selection do not. Phylogenetic structuring arose only when selection intensity, dispersal, and extirpation are all high. Ancestry and environmental geography produced historical effects on patterns of trait evolution and local diversity of species, but ecometric patterns appeared to be largely ...
... weak selection do not. Phylogenetic structuring arose only when selection intensity, dispersal, and extirpation are all high. Ancestry and environmental geography produced historical effects on patterns of trait evolution and local diversity of species, but ecometric patterns appeared to be largely ...
- Wiley Online Library
... their distribution in plant-pollinator networks (summarized in Fig. 1). We are interested in self-compatible plants, mostly with perfect flowers, that are pollinated by insects or birds (Buchmann & Nabhan, 1996), particularly bees and hummingbirds for which we have more data. In the first section, w ...
... their distribution in plant-pollinator networks (summarized in Fig. 1). We are interested in self-compatible plants, mostly with perfect flowers, that are pollinated by insects or birds (Buchmann & Nabhan, 1996), particularly bees and hummingbirds for which we have more data. In the first section, w ...
Braided river field guide - Department of Conservation
... Description: Low-growing succulent that forms clumps or mats. Small fleshy light green leaves; yellow flowers, often abundant ...
... Description: Low-growing succulent that forms clumps or mats. Small fleshy light green leaves; yellow flowers, often abundant ...
Predation and protection in the macroevolutionary history of conifer
... means by which cones are sealed [48], and morphological adaptation to fire is not detectable in all fire-adapted species [49]. Regardless of whether the changes in conifer seed cone tissue allocation were primarily caused by biotic or abiotic factors, they suggest a fundamental shift in the kinds of ...
... means by which cones are sealed [48], and morphological adaptation to fire is not detectable in all fire-adapted species [49]. Regardless of whether the changes in conifer seed cone tissue allocation were primarily caused by biotic or abiotic factors, they suggest a fundamental shift in the kinds of ...
Predation and protection in the macroevolutionary history of conifer
... means by which cones are sealed [48], and morphological adaptation to fire is not detectable in all fire-adapted species [49]. Regardless of whether the changes in conifer seed cone tissue allocation were primarily caused by biotic or abiotic factors, they suggest a fundamental shift in the kinds of ...
... means by which cones are sealed [48], and morphological adaptation to fire is not detectable in all fire-adapted species [49]. Regardless of whether the changes in conifer seed cone tissue allocation were primarily caused by biotic or abiotic factors, they suggest a fundamental shift in the kinds of ...
- Wiley Online Library
... A major goal of evolutionary biology is to understand how diverging populations become species. The evolution of reproductive isolation (RI) halts the genomic homogenization caused by gene flow and recombination, and enables differentiation and local adaptations to become fixed between newly forming ...
... A major goal of evolutionary biology is to understand how diverging populations become species. The evolution of reproductive isolation (RI) halts the genomic homogenization caused by gene flow and recombination, and enables differentiation and local adaptations to become fixed between newly forming ...
Keeping the herds healthy and alert - People
... hosts (Shaw & Dobson 1995). As such, if predators selectively remove the most heavily infected prey, they will remove a higher proportion of the parasite population than of the host population, thereby releasing the hosts from the regulatory role of parasitism. Here the interaction between predation ...
... hosts (Shaw & Dobson 1995). As such, if predators selectively remove the most heavily infected prey, they will remove a higher proportion of the parasite population than of the host population, thereby releasing the hosts from the regulatory role of parasitism. Here the interaction between predation ...
Notes on the feeding behavior of Teratocoris saundersi (Hemiptera
... only in wetlands but also in dry meadows. Beginning the first half of July 2003, the bugs frequently were observed on colonial bent, Agrostis capillaris, a common rhizomatous and stoloniferous grass in Iceland (e.g., HELGADÓTTIR & SNAYDON 1986), JÓNSSON et al. 2006). Under sunny conditions, adults a ...
... only in wetlands but also in dry meadows. Beginning the first half of July 2003, the bugs frequently were observed on colonial bent, Agrostis capillaris, a common rhizomatous and stoloniferous grass in Iceland (e.g., HELGADÓTTIR & SNAYDON 1986), JÓNSSON et al. 2006). Under sunny conditions, adults a ...
Developing a Theory of Plant-Insect Herbivore Interactions: Are We
... models of the effects of interactions between trophic levels on population dynamics has long been a goal in ...
... models of the effects of interactions between trophic levels on population dynamics has long been a goal in ...
Mutualisms in a changing world: an evolutionary
... Given that rapid genetic divergence co-varies with fitnessrelated traits (such as spore density), this mutualism could be a useful model system for studying processes of genetic erosion and how environmental conditions affect selection for mutualism, among and within individuals. Evolutionary shifts ...
... Given that rapid genetic divergence co-varies with fitnessrelated traits (such as spore density), this mutualism could be a useful model system for studying processes of genetic erosion and how environmental conditions affect selection for mutualism, among and within individuals. Evolutionary shifts ...
Coevolution
In biology, coevolution is ""the change of a biological object triggered by the change of a related object"". In other words, when changes in at least two species' genetic compositions reciprocally affect each other’s evolution, coevolution has occurred.There is evidence for coevolution at the level of populations and species. Charles Darwin briefly described the concept of coevolution in On the Origin of Species (1859) and developed it in detail in Fertilisation of Orchids (1862). It is likely that viruses and their hosts coevolve in various scenarios.However, there is little evidence of coevolution driving large-scale changes in Earth's history, since abiotic factors such as mass extinction and expansion into ecospaces seem to guide the shifts in the abundance of major groups. One proposed specific example was the evolution of high-crowned teeth in grazers when grasslands spread through North America - long held up as an example of coevolution. We now know that these events happened independently.Coevolution can occur at many biological levels: it can be as microscopic as correlated mutations between amino acids in a protein or as macroscopic as covarying traits between different species in an environment. Each party in a coevolutionary relationship exerts selective pressures on the other, thereby affecting each other's evolution. Coevolution of different species includes the evolution of a host species and its parasites (host–parasite coevolution), and examples of mutualism evolving through time. Evolution in response to abiotic factors, such as climate change, is not biological coevolution (since climate is not alive and does not undergo biological evolution).The general conclusion is that coevolution may be responsible for much of the genetic diversity seen in normal populations including: blood-plasma polymorphism, protein polymorphism, histocompatibility systems, etc.The parasite/host relationship probably drove the prevalence of sexual reproduction over the more efficient asexual reproduction. It seems that when a parasite infects a host, sexual reproduction affords a better chance of developing resistance (through variation in the next generation), giving sexual reproduction viability for fitness not seen in the asexual reproduction, which produces another generation of the organism susceptible to infection by the same parasite.Coevolution is primarily a biological concept, but researchers have applied it by analogy to fields such as computer science, sociology / international political economy and astronomy.