Timing and success of reproductive stages in the seagrass Zostera
... The timing and success of sexual reproduction of the seagrass Zostera noltii was investigated at the Ria Formosa lagoon, Portugal. Thirty plants were tagged and monitored individually through time to determine in situ the development time of each maturation stage, from the emergence of the flowers t ...
... The timing and success of sexual reproduction of the seagrass Zostera noltii was investigated at the Ria Formosa lagoon, Portugal. Thirty plants were tagged and monitored individually through time to determine in situ the development time of each maturation stage, from the emergence of the flowers t ...
Full-Text PDF
... academic knowledge, but instead, due to unsustainable human behavior and socio-economic disincentives [49]. More ecologists need to expand their roles beyond their detached, objective technical skills and help integrate science into management, policy, and advocacy aspects [50]. This review recogniz ...
... academic knowledge, but instead, due to unsustainable human behavior and socio-economic disincentives [49]. More ecologists need to expand their roles beyond their detached, objective technical skills and help integrate science into management, policy, and advocacy aspects [50]. This review recogniz ...
this PDF file - Journal of Insect Biodiversity
... Abstract: The Orthoptera have inhabited the Earth for ca 300 million years and today include about 25,000 described species. Although orthopterans are mainly known to the general public by their most conspicuous species such as rangeland grasshoppers, locusts, katydids and crickets, they include an ...
... Abstract: The Orthoptera have inhabited the Earth for ca 300 million years and today include about 25,000 described species. Although orthopterans are mainly known to the general public by their most conspicuous species such as rangeland grasshoppers, locusts, katydids and crickets, they include an ...
Miller Harley Sample Chapter 15
... species may be as high as 30 million! Most of the undescribed species are in tropical rain forests. Since just the described insect species comprise 75% of all living species, the total number of described and undescribed insect species dwarfs all other kinds of living organisms. Although freshwater ...
... species may be as high as 30 million! Most of the undescribed species are in tropical rain forests. Since just the described insect species comprise 75% of all living species, the total number of described and undescribed insect species dwarfs all other kinds of living organisms. Although freshwater ...
Recent Advances in the Integrative Nutrition of
... as plant secondary metabolites (113) and cell wall components (81, 25), interact in their effects on food choice; food intake; and the development, health, and evolutionary fitness of individual organisms. They can also be used to model how the independent and interactive effects of food components o ...
... as plant secondary metabolites (113) and cell wall components (81, 25), interact in their effects on food choice; food intake; and the development, health, and evolutionary fitness of individual organisms. They can also be used to model how the independent and interactive effects of food components o ...
First paper: Systematic entomology, Aquatic entomology, Anatomy
... Insect Ecology and Behaviour: Introduction: An overview of insect ecology, insects and climate. Global climate change and synergistic impacts. Insects as regulator of ecosystems. Ecology of urban insect pests. Economic and ecological decision making. Conventions and social issues in insect diversit ...
... Insect Ecology and Behaviour: Introduction: An overview of insect ecology, insects and climate. Global climate change and synergistic impacts. Insects as regulator of ecosystems. Ecology of urban insect pests. Economic and ecological decision making. Conventions and social issues in insect diversit ...
Shifts in trait means and variances in North American tree
... values from those of the larger regional species pool (Díaz et al. 1998, Weiher et al. 1998, Cornwell and Ackerly 2009, de Bello et al. 2009, Kraft and Ackerly 2010). Third, the strength of environmental filtering will increase with increasing environmental stress associated with seasonality, extr ...
... values from those of the larger regional species pool (Díaz et al. 1998, Weiher et al. 1998, Cornwell and Ackerly 2009, de Bello et al. 2009, Kraft and Ackerly 2010). Third, the strength of environmental filtering will increase with increasing environmental stress associated with seasonality, extr ...
Evidence for interspecific interactions in the ectoparasite infracommunity of a wild mammal
... for prevalence and those variables that were significant corresponded to those found for parasite abundance (Additional file 1: Table S1). As a consequence these results are not further discussed. The same variables were included in the full GLMMs for an individual’s ectoparasite abundance but we us ...
... for prevalence and those variables that were significant corresponded to those found for parasite abundance (Additional file 1: Table S1). As a consequence these results are not further discussed. The same variables were included in the full GLMMs for an individual’s ectoparasite abundance but we us ...
Evolutionary Arguments on Aging, Disease, and Other Topics
... biologists that there is no subject concerning living beings that has not, according to them, been dealt with. Not only does the scholar of systematics that looks into the affinities, and therefore the relationships among living beings, have recourse to evolutionism, but also the biochemist who is i ...
... biologists that there is no subject concerning living beings that has not, according to them, been dealt with. Not only does the scholar of systematics that looks into the affinities, and therefore the relationships among living beings, have recourse to evolutionism, but also the biochemist who is i ...
Structure and Function in Living Things
... The importance Prokaryotic cells reproduce asexually by splitting in two. Asexual of sexual reproduction does not allow for genetic variation unless a mutation reproduction occurs. Organisms that reproduce sexually produce more genetic variation among their offspring. You may recall that chromosomes ...
... The importance Prokaryotic cells reproduce asexually by splitting in two. Asexual of sexual reproduction does not allow for genetic variation unless a mutation reproduction occurs. Organisms that reproduce sexually produce more genetic variation among their offspring. You may recall that chromosomes ...
PDF - David J. Harris
... resources provided directly or indirectly by humans. For example, crops or ornamental plants represent a massive influx of often high-quality food for herbivores. Notably, while some herbivores shift to utilize these novel plants and thus in some cases become pests, many other potential herbivores ( ...
... resources provided directly or indirectly by humans. For example, crops or ornamental plants represent a massive influx of often high-quality food for herbivores. Notably, while some herbivores shift to utilize these novel plants and thus in some cases become pests, many other potential herbivores ( ...
Parasitic plants: parallels and contrasts with herbivores
... similar rigorous analysis has not been conducted for parasitic plants; nonetheless, some patterns are evident. Performance of parasitic plants is often better on legumes, suggesting that N content is important to performance (Watkinson and Gibson 1988; Gibson and Watkinson 1991; Seel and Press 1993, ...
... similar rigorous analysis has not been conducted for parasitic plants; nonetheless, some patterns are evident. Performance of parasitic plants is often better on legumes, suggesting that N content is important to performance (Watkinson and Gibson 1988; Gibson and Watkinson 1991; Seel and Press 1993, ...
Macroecological and macroevolutionary patterns of leaf herbivory
... different mechanisms of evolution, we can elucidate the processes that probably drive variation in herbivory across plants. In the absence of strong selection by herbivores, rates of herbivory should evolve stochastically and thus covary with phylogenetic relationships among plant species. We can mo ...
... different mechanisms of evolution, we can elucidate the processes that probably drive variation in herbivory across plants. In the absence of strong selection by herbivores, rates of herbivory should evolve stochastically and thus covary with phylogenetic relationships among plant species. We can mo ...
Macroecological and macroevolutionary patterns of
... different mechanisms of evolution, we can elucidate the processes that probably drive variation in herbivory across plants. In the absence of strong selection by herbivores, rates of herbivory should evolve stochastically and thus covary with phylogenetic relationships among plant species. We can mo ...
... different mechanisms of evolution, we can elucidate the processes that probably drive variation in herbivory across plants. In the absence of strong selection by herbivores, rates of herbivory should evolve stochastically and thus covary with phylogenetic relationships among plant species. We can mo ...
Community-wide body size differences between nocturnal and
... mixed-effects model where the response variable was the log-transformed mean body size per bout and the fixed effects were period (day, night), site (low-, mid-, highelevation), and the period 3 site interaction. We treated spider nest/trap ID as a random effect. In the second analysis, we tested for ...
... mixed-effects model where the response variable was the log-transformed mean body size per bout and the fixed effects were period (day, night), site (low-, mid-, highelevation), and the period 3 site interaction. We treated spider nest/trap ID as a random effect. In the second analysis, we tested for ...
Kunga Choden Bio -151 – Evolution Research Paper Evolution of
... pioneering work with carnivorous plants paved way for later experiments by other researchers on carnivorous plants. Darwin knew through his theory of natural selection that carnivorous plants had a selective advantage in their particular environments. There are many questions that surround the natur ...
... pioneering work with carnivorous plants paved way for later experiments by other researchers on carnivorous plants. Darwin knew through his theory of natural selection that carnivorous plants had a selective advantage in their particular environments. There are many questions that surround the natur ...
The Living World
... Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display ...
... Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display ...
The Living World - Chapter 32 - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display ...
... Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display ...
Habitat Conservation Area
... Wetlands are home to a variety of wildlife and represent a critical habitat component for many species. Birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, insects and fish all use wetlands for a portion of or all of their life. Many interesting marsh birds can be seen in Wascana Centre and along Wascana Creek. T ...
... Wetlands are home to a variety of wildlife and represent a critical habitat component for many species. Birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, insects and fish all use wetlands for a portion of or all of their life. Many interesting marsh birds can be seen in Wascana Centre and along Wascana Creek. T ...
Intra-host competition between co-infecting digeneans within a bivalve second intermediate host: dominance by priority-effect or taking advantage of others?
... For experimental infection, cockles were placed individually in plastic cylindrical containers (60 mm high 40 mm wide) and completely covered with fine sand so that only the cockle’s siphons would protrude above the substrate. The container was then filled with seawater to a depth of 15 mm above the ...
... For experimental infection, cockles were placed individually in plastic cylindrical containers (60 mm high 40 mm wide) and completely covered with fine sand so that only the cockle’s siphons would protrude above the substrate. The container was then filled with seawater to a depth of 15 mm above the ...
Plant invasions – the role of mutualisms
... Many introduced plant species rely on mutualisms in their new habitats to overcome barriers to establishment and to become naturalized and, in some cases, invasive. Mutualisms involving animalmediated pollination and seed dispersal, and symbioses between plant roots and microbiota often facilitate i ...
... Many introduced plant species rely on mutualisms in their new habitats to overcome barriers to establishment and to become naturalized and, in some cases, invasive. Mutualisms involving animalmediated pollination and seed dispersal, and symbioses between plant roots and microbiota often facilitate i ...
Predicting and Detecting Reciprocity between Indirect Ecological
... single organism can, via its impact on an ecosystem, change the kind of selection that it and other organisms in the ecosystem experience. When viewed in this way, each of these examples represents a potential case in which Pimentel’s vision of reciprocal interactions between ecology and evolution m ...
... single organism can, via its impact on an ecosystem, change the kind of selection that it and other organisms in the ecosystem experience. When viewed in this way, each of these examples represents a potential case in which Pimentel’s vision of reciprocal interactions between ecology and evolution m ...
Marine Ecology Progress Series 510:241
... Different environmental factors have been proposed to influence scyphistoma asexual reproduction and mortality rates. Among them, temperature and food availability appear to be the most important ones for the majority of species (Lucas et al. 2012). In general, reproduction rates increase with tempe ...
... Different environmental factors have been proposed to influence scyphistoma asexual reproduction and mortality rates. Among them, temperature and food availability appear to be the most important ones for the majority of species (Lucas et al. 2012). In general, reproduction rates increase with tempe ...
Plant functional traits and the multidimensional nature of species
... cologists have long understood that phenotypic differences between species play an important role in maintaining species diversity within communities (1, 2). Differences in bill shape, body size, or rooting depth are often hypothesized to reduce interspecific relative to intraspecific competition an ...
... cologists have long understood that phenotypic differences between species play an important role in maintaining species diversity within communities (1, 2). Differences in bill shape, body size, or rooting depth are often hypothesized to reduce interspecific relative to intraspecific competition an ...
Phenotypic Plasticity
... This can be a directional change in the phenotype of partners, where exposure to certain cues activates genes in a dose-dependent manner (Fig. 3). For example, in a mutualistic interaction, individuals may increase rewards in response to increased services from a partner, and this back-and-forth cha ...
... This can be a directional change in the phenotype of partners, where exposure to certain cues activates genes in a dose-dependent manner (Fig. 3). For example, in a mutualistic interaction, individuals may increase rewards in response to increased services from a partner, and this back-and-forth cha ...
Coevolution
In biology, coevolution is ""the change of a biological object triggered by the change of a related object"". In other words, when changes in at least two species' genetic compositions reciprocally affect each other’s evolution, coevolution has occurred.There is evidence for coevolution at the level of populations and species. Charles Darwin briefly described the concept of coevolution in On the Origin of Species (1859) and developed it in detail in Fertilisation of Orchids (1862). It is likely that viruses and their hosts coevolve in various scenarios.However, there is little evidence of coevolution driving large-scale changes in Earth's history, since abiotic factors such as mass extinction and expansion into ecospaces seem to guide the shifts in the abundance of major groups. One proposed specific example was the evolution of high-crowned teeth in grazers when grasslands spread through North America - long held up as an example of coevolution. We now know that these events happened independently.Coevolution can occur at many biological levels: it can be as microscopic as correlated mutations between amino acids in a protein or as macroscopic as covarying traits between different species in an environment. Each party in a coevolutionary relationship exerts selective pressures on the other, thereby affecting each other's evolution. Coevolution of different species includes the evolution of a host species and its parasites (host–parasite coevolution), and examples of mutualism evolving through time. Evolution in response to abiotic factors, such as climate change, is not biological coevolution (since climate is not alive and does not undergo biological evolution).The general conclusion is that coevolution may be responsible for much of the genetic diversity seen in normal populations including: blood-plasma polymorphism, protein polymorphism, histocompatibility systems, etc.The parasite/host relationship probably drove the prevalence of sexual reproduction over the more efficient asexual reproduction. It seems that when a parasite infects a host, sexual reproduction affords a better chance of developing resistance (through variation in the next generation), giving sexual reproduction viability for fitness not seen in the asexual reproduction, which produces another generation of the organism susceptible to infection by the same parasite.Coevolution is primarily a biological concept, but researchers have applied it by analogy to fields such as computer science, sociology / international political economy and astronomy.