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Ontogenetic trait variation influences tree community assembly
... Abstract. Intraspecific trait variation is hypothesized to influence the relative importance of community assembly mechanisms. However, few studies have explicitly considered how intraspecific trait variation among ontogenetic stages influences community assembly across environmental gradients. Beca ...
... Abstract. Intraspecific trait variation is hypothesized to influence the relative importance of community assembly mechanisms. However, few studies have explicitly considered how intraspecific trait variation among ontogenetic stages influences community assembly across environmental gradients. Beca ...
booklet of abstracts
... Do parasites affect the cognitive performance of their fish hosts? Sandra Binning, [email protected], University of Neuchatel; Redouan Bshary, [email protected], University of Neuchatel; Dominique Roche, [email protected], University of Neuchatel; Alexandra Grutter, [email protected] ...
... Do parasites affect the cognitive performance of their fish hosts? Sandra Binning, [email protected], University of Neuchatel; Redouan Bshary, [email protected], University of Neuchatel; Dominique Roche, [email protected], University of Neuchatel; Alexandra Grutter, [email protected] ...
The Life Cycle 12. - mt
... 3. On the other hand, if pollen is transferred from one flower to the flower of another plant of the same species, it is known as cross pollination. The agents of cross pollination are wind, water or animals. *2. Regeneration. Ans. 1. The capacity to regenerate is very high among some animals. They ...
... 3. On the other hand, if pollen is transferred from one flower to the flower of another plant of the same species, it is known as cross pollination. The agents of cross pollination are wind, water or animals. *2. Regeneration. Ans. 1. The capacity to regenerate is very high among some animals. They ...
Gibb and Hochuli 2004 - Department of Biological Science
... habitats showed that sites with I. purpureus had greater gravel, soil, and moss cover, and proximity to fire trails, and a different soil type from sites without I. purpureus (Gibb and Hochuli 2003a). ...
... habitats showed that sites with I. purpureus had greater gravel, soil, and moss cover, and proximity to fire trails, and a different soil type from sites without I. purpureus (Gibb and Hochuli 2003a). ...
(Apios americana Medicus) in Colorado
... The American ground nut, Apios americana, is exceedingly rare in the state of Colorado (Colorado Natural Heritage Program 1999, Weber and Wittman 1996). Using the Natural Heritage ranking system, it has been assigned global and state rarity ranks of G5S1, indicating that this species is globally sec ...
... The American ground nut, Apios americana, is exceedingly rare in the state of Colorado (Colorado Natural Heritage Program 1999, Weber and Wittman 1996). Using the Natural Heritage ranking system, it has been assigned global and state rarity ranks of G5S1, indicating that this species is globally sec ...
Common Ancestry Is a Poor Predictor of Competitive Traits in
... All investigations of the importance of phylogenetic distance as a predictor of ecological interactions and community assembly ultimately rely on the assumption that the traits determining species' ecologies display a phylogenetic signal [15]. When ecological traits do display a phylogenetic signal, ...
... All investigations of the importance of phylogenetic distance as a predictor of ecological interactions and community assembly ultimately rely on the assumption that the traits determining species' ecologies display a phylogenetic signal [15]. When ecological traits do display a phylogenetic signal, ...
stability of terrestrial ecosystems as to pest organisms
... pattern with characteristics Common, Potent, The best. 6.4.10. Life strategy: Consumers of seeds having no periodicity of yielding and flowers This group includes numberless species of birds, mammals, insects and mites consuming seeds with a lack of periodicity of yielding. These tree parts belongin ...
... pattern with characteristics Common, Potent, The best. 6.4.10. Life strategy: Consumers of seeds having no periodicity of yielding and flowers This group includes numberless species of birds, mammals, insects and mites consuming seeds with a lack of periodicity of yielding. These tree parts belongin ...
Robber Flies, Asilidae (Insecta: Diptera: Asilidae)1
... faunas, particularly those south of Asia. By contrast, smaller islands such as the Hawaiian chain have no indigenous or introduced species (Hull 1962). The majority of robber fly species are found in dry, sandy conditions, as confirmed by the diversity of species found in such locales. Some species ...
... faunas, particularly those south of Asia. By contrast, smaller islands such as the Hawaiian chain have no indigenous or introduced species (Hull 1962). The majority of robber fly species are found in dry, sandy conditions, as confirmed by the diversity of species found in such locales. Some species ...
biodiversity on farmland - Bio
... This booklet is produced for New Zealand farmers and other land owners to demonstrate how biodiversity can be enhanced to give multi-value benefits for production, conservation, recreation, historical, cultural, aesthetic and Maori needs. It is an outcome of the “Strategies to Enhance Biodiversity o ...
... This booklet is produced for New Zealand farmers and other land owners to demonstrate how biodiversity can be enhanced to give multi-value benefits for production, conservation, recreation, historical, cultural, aesthetic and Maori needs. It is an outcome of the “Strategies to Enhance Biodiversity o ...
OIKOS 55: 375—386 - digital
... stricto, see Gould and Vrba 1982) may not occur. At least four important pre-dispersal factors can be identified as potentially limiting plant reproduction: ineffective pollination, fruit/seed abortion, pre-dispersal herbivory (including fruit/seed predation) and, in cases of animal dispersed seeds, ...
... stricto, see Gould and Vrba 1982) may not occur. At least four important pre-dispersal factors can be identified as potentially limiting plant reproduction: ineffective pollination, fruit/seed abortion, pre-dispersal herbivory (including fruit/seed predation) and, in cases of animal dispersed seeds, ...
Evolution of hematophagous habit in Triatominae (Heteroptera
... The hematophagic habit has marked the natural history of the triatomines. Furthermore, this habit has stamped them with striking anthropological importance, given that this was what included them in the parasite's life cycle and eventually humans as well, as hosts. How the triatomines got to be blo ...
... The hematophagic habit has marked the natural history of the triatomines. Furthermore, this habit has stamped them with striking anthropological importance, given that this was what included them in the parasite's life cycle and eventually humans as well, as hosts. How the triatomines got to be blo ...
Granivory in a Desert Ecosystem: Experimental Evidence for Indirect Facilitation... Rodents Author(s): D. W. Davidson, R. S. Inouye, J. H. Brown
... role of indirect interaction pathways in regulating community structure and diversity. Interactions among desert granivores and their resources hold considerable promise as a model system for studying the indirect effects of plant and animal populations on one another. Strong direct interactions (no ...
... role of indirect interaction pathways in regulating community structure and diversity. Interactions among desert granivores and their resources hold considerable promise as a model system for studying the indirect effects of plant and animal populations on one another. Strong direct interactions (no ...
Ecology of Thrips
... bispinosa (see Reitz et al., this volume). Although F. tritici is extremely abundant throughout the central and eastern parts of the U. S., it does not persist in central and southern Florida where F. bispinosa is the only abundant species. The persistence and abundance of these Frankliniella specie ...
... bispinosa (see Reitz et al., this volume). Although F. tritici is extremely abundant throughout the central and eastern parts of the U. S., it does not persist in central and southern Florida where F. bispinosa is the only abundant species. The persistence and abundance of these Frankliniella specie ...
evolution of increased resistance in hosts Experimental
... of resistance to an ectoparasite (Gyrodactylus spp.) after that parasite had been eliminated in nature. Gyrodactylus spp. are directly transmitted parasites that reproduce and browse on the skin of guppies [18]. Furthermore, gyrodactylids have important fitness consequences for their guppy hosts—the ...
... of resistance to an ectoparasite (Gyrodactylus spp.) after that parasite had been eliminated in nature. Gyrodactylus spp. are directly transmitted parasites that reproduce and browse on the skin of guppies [18]. Furthermore, gyrodactylids have important fitness consequences for their guppy hosts—the ...
From Sponges to Invertebrate Chordates
... fluke has a vertebrate host. As a larva, it has an invertebrate host. If you follow the life cycle, you can see how each host becomes infected so the fluke can continue its life cycle. Tapeworms and flukes have suckers and other structures for feeding on a host. Tapeworms also have a ring of hooks o ...
... fluke has a vertebrate host. As a larva, it has an invertebrate host. If you follow the life cycle, you can see how each host becomes infected so the fluke can continue its life cycle. Tapeworms and flukes have suckers and other structures for feeding on a host. Tapeworms also have a ring of hooks o ...
Bog Bird.s-foot Trefoil (Lotus pinnatus)
... The inflorescence is a compact, stalked, axillary umbel of 3 to 12 pea-like flowers. The umbel stalks are bractless or with a single membranous bract. The corollas are from 10-15 mm long with a yellow banner and keel and creamy-white wings. The keel petals are fused along one edge that is elongated ...
... The inflorescence is a compact, stalked, axillary umbel of 3 to 12 pea-like flowers. The umbel stalks are bractless or with a single membranous bract. The corollas are from 10-15 mm long with a yellow banner and keel and creamy-white wings. The keel petals are fused along one edge that is elongated ...
Experimental elimination of parasites in nature
... of resistance to an ectoparasite (Gyrodactylus spp.) after that parasite had been eliminated in nature. Gyrodactylus spp. are directly transmitted parasites that reproduce and browse on the skin of guppies [18]. Furthermore, gyrodactylids have important fitness consequences for their guppy hosts—the ...
... of resistance to an ectoparasite (Gyrodactylus spp.) after that parasite had been eliminated in nature. Gyrodactylus spp. are directly transmitted parasites that reproduce and browse on the skin of guppies [18]. Furthermore, gyrodactylids have important fitness consequences for their guppy hosts—the ...
The Biology of Striga, Orobanche, and other Root
... ticity, wide environmental tolerance, prefer permanently disturbed habitats, and are part of a plant guild associated with colonizing or crop complex species. As parasites, they depend upon another vascular plant for food or water, which flows from host to parasites through haustoria. These struc t ...
... ticity, wide environmental tolerance, prefer permanently disturbed habitats, and are part of a plant guild associated with colonizing or crop complex species. As parasites, they depend upon another vascular plant for food or water, which flows from host to parasites through haustoria. These struc t ...
Chapter 26 Study Guide
... undergo cross-fertilization. Most crustaceans brood, or incubate, their eggs in some way, but they do not care for their hatched offspring. Some spiders and insects also incubate their eggs, and some, such as bees, care for their young. Section 26.1 Assessment ...
... undergo cross-fertilization. Most crustaceans brood, or incubate, their eggs in some way, but they do not care for their hatched offspring. Some spiders and insects also incubate their eggs, and some, such as bees, care for their young. Section 26.1 Assessment ...
Virus Specificity in Disease Systems: Are Species Redundant?
... For each virus, the range of host species or vector species was categorized as specific (single species), narrow (2–5 species), or broad (ⱖ6 species). Equivalent categories for genera and families used the same numerical boundaries. For each of the questions listed earlier, we used contingency table ...
... For each virus, the range of host species or vector species was categorized as specific (single species), narrow (2–5 species), or broad (ⱖ6 species). Equivalent categories for genera and families used the same numerical boundaries. For each of the questions listed earlier, we used contingency table ...
how do different measures of functional diversity perform?
... Candidate traits.—Eight traits collected from various sources (J. P. Grime, J. Hodgson, K. Thompson, P. Wilson, and R. Ceriani, unpublished data), three measurements from the BIODEPTH monoculture plots, and a legume/non-legume trait were the candidate traits used to calculate FAD and FD (Table 1). T ...
... Candidate traits.—Eight traits collected from various sources (J. P. Grime, J. Hodgson, K. Thompson, P. Wilson, and R. Ceriani, unpublished data), three measurements from the BIODEPTH monoculture plots, and a legume/non-legume trait were the candidate traits used to calculate FAD and FD (Table 1). T ...
Biological Control to Maintain Natural Densities of Insects and Mites
... and small larvae of the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), on potatoes and that the rate of consumption is highly correlated with the air temperature (De Bach and Rosen, 1991; Evans, 1991). Relative Effectiveness of Lady Beetles Lady beetles are voracious feeders and may be nume ...
... and small larvae of the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), on potatoes and that the rate of consumption is highly correlated with the air temperature (De Bach and Rosen, 1991; Evans, 1991). Relative Effectiveness of Lady Beetles Lady beetles are voracious feeders and may be nume ...
Population genetics, food-plant specialization, and local
... specialists, and the object and degree of specialization may vary among populations or individuals within a population (e.g. Fox & Morrow 1981, Funk & Bernays 2001, Ueno et al. 2003, Singer 2008). In general, insect taxa that are specialized in their food utilization are often more diverse than taxa ...
... specialists, and the object and degree of specialization may vary among populations or individuals within a population (e.g. Fox & Morrow 1981, Funk & Bernays 2001, Ueno et al. 2003, Singer 2008). In general, insect taxa that are specialized in their food utilization are often more diverse than taxa ...
HERBIVORE OFFENSE Richard Karban Anurag A. Agrawal
... compensatory feeding among insect herbivores occurs as the result of nutritional feedback; herbivores respond to the osmolality and amino acid content of their hemolymph. Herbivores may also assess the bulk of digested food and its rate of passage through their guts and adjust their decisions about ...
... compensatory feeding among insect herbivores occurs as the result of nutritional feedback; herbivores respond to the osmolality and amino acid content of their hemolymph. Herbivores may also assess the bulk of digested food and its rate of passage through their guts and adjust their decisions about ...
has shown differences among various types of environment, such as
... swallow-tail lays its eggs on shrubby and arboreal species of the rose family. In maquis environments, its larvae are mainly found on blackthorn or sloe (Prunus spinosa) and on trees in any nearby orchards. The pierid family contains cabbage butterflies, particularly associated with crucifers and cr ...
... swallow-tail lays its eggs on shrubby and arboreal species of the rose family. In maquis environments, its larvae are mainly found on blackthorn or sloe (Prunus spinosa) and on trees in any nearby orchards. The pierid family contains cabbage butterflies, particularly associated with crucifers and cr ...
Coevolution
In biology, coevolution is ""the change of a biological object triggered by the change of a related object"". In other words, when changes in at least two species' genetic compositions reciprocally affect each other’s evolution, coevolution has occurred.There is evidence for coevolution at the level of populations and species. Charles Darwin briefly described the concept of coevolution in On the Origin of Species (1859) and developed it in detail in Fertilisation of Orchids (1862). It is likely that viruses and their hosts coevolve in various scenarios.However, there is little evidence of coevolution driving large-scale changes in Earth's history, since abiotic factors such as mass extinction and expansion into ecospaces seem to guide the shifts in the abundance of major groups. One proposed specific example was the evolution of high-crowned teeth in grazers when grasslands spread through North America - long held up as an example of coevolution. We now know that these events happened independently.Coevolution can occur at many biological levels: it can be as microscopic as correlated mutations between amino acids in a protein or as macroscopic as covarying traits between different species in an environment. Each party in a coevolutionary relationship exerts selective pressures on the other, thereby affecting each other's evolution. Coevolution of different species includes the evolution of a host species and its parasites (host–parasite coevolution), and examples of mutualism evolving through time. Evolution in response to abiotic factors, such as climate change, is not biological coevolution (since climate is not alive and does not undergo biological evolution).The general conclusion is that coevolution may be responsible for much of the genetic diversity seen in normal populations including: blood-plasma polymorphism, protein polymorphism, histocompatibility systems, etc.The parasite/host relationship probably drove the prevalence of sexual reproduction over the more efficient asexual reproduction. It seems that when a parasite infects a host, sexual reproduction affords a better chance of developing resistance (through variation in the next generation), giving sexual reproduction viability for fitness not seen in the asexual reproduction, which produces another generation of the organism susceptible to infection by the same parasite.Coevolution is primarily a biological concept, but researchers have applied it by analogy to fields such as computer science, sociology / international political economy and astronomy.