Chapter Five - Building a Fly Eye: Terminal
... while the organism feeds and grows via three larval stages. At the end of the third and last larval stage, an epithelia-to-neuronal transition occurs at the anterior portion of the disc, marked by a physical change in the structure of the eye disc known as the morphogenetic furrow (MF). The MF migra ...
... while the organism feeds and grows via three larval stages. At the end of the third and last larval stage, an epithelia-to-neuronal transition occurs at the anterior portion of the disc, marked by a physical change in the structure of the eye disc known as the morphogenetic furrow (MF). The MF migra ...
Protist predation can favour cooperation within bacterial species
... result from activation of QS-regulated public goods. Instead, elevated resistance of wild-type bacteria was related to the ability to form more predationresistant biofilms. This could be explained by the expression of QS-regulated resistance traits in densely populated biofilms and floating cell agg ...
... result from activation of QS-regulated public goods. Instead, elevated resistance of wild-type bacteria was related to the ability to form more predationresistant biofilms. This could be explained by the expression of QS-regulated resistance traits in densely populated biofilms and floating cell agg ...
isolation and characterization of membranes from the cells of maize
... cytoplasmic vesicles (Northcote, 1971, 1974). Some of the components of the system are joined by structural connexions and they all have a functional continuity in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells (Morr6 & Ovtracht, 1977). It is now generally believed that the endomembrane system is present in a dy ...
... cytoplasmic vesicles (Northcote, 1971, 1974). Some of the components of the system are joined by structural connexions and they all have a functional continuity in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells (Morr6 & Ovtracht, 1977). It is now generally believed that the endomembrane system is present in a dy ...
A tightly regulated inducible expression system for
... dependent upon the activity of the regulated promoter, requiring that cell lines be established under conditions of Tc-induction. This precluded their use for regulated expression of toxic products, limiting the utility of this system for dominant-negative genetic approaches. Subsequent attempts to ...
... dependent upon the activity of the regulated promoter, requiring that cell lines be established under conditions of Tc-induction. This precluded their use for regulated expression of toxic products, limiting the utility of this system for dominant-negative genetic approaches. Subsequent attempts to ...
A New Paradigm in Cellular Biology Gerson, Ling, Cope, Sodi
... Around the initial layer of highly structured water molecules is a second layer, which is less structures because it is farther from the attractive force of the protein/lipid macromolecules. The third layer is less structured than the second and so on. It is not known exactly how many layers of st ...
... Around the initial layer of highly structured water molecules is a second layer, which is less structures because it is farther from the attractive force of the protein/lipid macromolecules. The third layer is less structured than the second and so on. It is not known exactly how many layers of st ...
lengthened g1 phase indicates differentiation status in
... Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) are defined by their ability to self-renew indefinitely in culture while maintaining the developmental potential to differentiate into any cell type representative of the adult body. A less commonly discussed defining characteristic of hESC is their unique cell cycl ...
... Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) are defined by their ability to self-renew indefinitely in culture while maintaining the developmental potential to differentiate into any cell type representative of the adult body. A less commonly discussed defining characteristic of hESC is their unique cell cycl ...
Update on Reactive Oxygen - Biology Department | UNC Chapel Hill
... to infection appear to be mediated by different mechanisms. Though the involvement of an NADPH oxidase has been predominant in most cases (Bolwell et al., 1998; Grant et al., 2000b; Torres and Dangl, 2005), both NADPH oxidases and cell wall peroxidases might mediate ROS production in response to the ...
... to infection appear to be mediated by different mechanisms. Though the involvement of an NADPH oxidase has been predominant in most cases (Bolwell et al., 1998; Grant et al., 2000b; Torres and Dangl, 2005), both NADPH oxidases and cell wall peroxidases might mediate ROS production in response to the ...
Systems-Wide Analysis of Acclimation Responses to Long
... a more holistic picture, appear helpful to shed light on the many open questions regarding responses of plant cells to HS. In fact, Chlamydomonas is an ideal plant model for such approaches because (1) as a single-celled organism all cells are of the same type and different cell cycle stages may be ...
... a more holistic picture, appear helpful to shed light on the many open questions regarding responses of plant cells to HS. In fact, Chlamydomonas is an ideal plant model for such approaches because (1) as a single-celled organism all cells are of the same type and different cell cycle stages may be ...
Functional Characterization of the 180
... apparatus. Early in their synthesis, secretory or membrane proteins are recognized by the signal recognition particle (SRP; 1 Walter et al., 1981), and targeted to the membrane via an interaction between SRP and the docking protein (SRP receptor, SRa; Meyer et al., 1982; Gilmore et al., 1982). Trans ...
... apparatus. Early in their synthesis, secretory or membrane proteins are recognized by the signal recognition particle (SRP; 1 Walter et al., 1981), and targeted to the membrane via an interaction between SRP and the docking protein (SRP receptor, SRa; Meyer et al., 1982; Gilmore et al., 1982). Trans ...
Xyloglucan and its Interactions with Other Components of the
... Albersheim group (Keegstra et al. 1973) and the discovery that auxin-induced growth in pea epicotyls is accompanied by increased xyloglucan metabolism (Labavitch and Ray 1974). Further evidence for xyloglucan binding to cellulose (e.g. Hayashi and Maclachlan 1984), and for auxin-induced changes in x ...
... Albersheim group (Keegstra et al. 1973) and the discovery that auxin-induced growth in pea epicotyls is accompanied by increased xyloglucan metabolism (Labavitch and Ray 1974). Further evidence for xyloglucan binding to cellulose (e.g. Hayashi and Maclachlan 1984), and for auxin-induced changes in x ...
The membrane form of the DNA repair protein Ku interacts at the cell
... suggests that this protein is serving additional roles besides its main function in the DNA DSB repair. In fact, the membrane form of Ku has been shown to be involved in the regulation of cell–cell interaction (Teoh et al, 1998; Lynch et al, 2001) and in tumor cells when exposed to hypoxia to partic ...
... suggests that this protein is serving additional roles besides its main function in the DNA DSB repair. In fact, the membrane form of Ku has been shown to be involved in the regulation of cell–cell interaction (Teoh et al, 1998; Lynch et al, 2001) and in tumor cells when exposed to hypoxia to partic ...
Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate Formation at ER Exit Sites
... (Sac1C392S) had no effect (Figure 2G). The inhibitory effect was reproduced in morphological ER export assays. Sac1 quantitatively delayed the cytosol-dependent mobilization of VSV-Gts to VTCs as analyzed by IF in permeabilized VSV-Gts expressing cells (Figure 2H). Importantly, Sac1 mediated delay o ...
... (Sac1C392S) had no effect (Figure 2G). The inhibitory effect was reproduced in morphological ER export assays. Sac1 quantitatively delayed the cytosol-dependent mobilization of VSV-Gts to VTCs as analyzed by IF in permeabilized VSV-Gts expressing cells (Figure 2H). Importantly, Sac1 mediated delay o ...
MEMBRANE PROTEINS SYNTHESIZED BY
... the isolated enzyme forms stable interactions with high affinity for a limited number of sites on the cytoplasmic face of the membrane (21). Rabbit reticulocytes contain, with possibly one or two exceptions (22), the same proteins in their membranes as do rabbit erythrocytes. We recently showed that ...
... the isolated enzyme forms stable interactions with high affinity for a limited number of sites on the cytoplasmic face of the membrane (21). Rabbit reticulocytes contain, with possibly one or two exceptions (22), the same proteins in their membranes as do rabbit erythrocytes. We recently showed that ...
Functional Utrastructure of Genlisea (Lentibulariaceae) Digestive
... osmiophilic material. In TEM, the vacuole consists of both electron-translucent and solidly electron-dense osmiophilic compartments. In cryo-SEM, homogenous material fills the whole vacuole (Fig. 2A). During preparation for TEM, probably some of this material was washed out from the vacuole. The hai ...
... osmiophilic material. In TEM, the vacuole consists of both electron-translucent and solidly electron-dense osmiophilic compartments. In cryo-SEM, homogenous material fills the whole vacuole (Fig. 2A). During preparation for TEM, probably some of this material was washed out from the vacuole. The hai ...
Deciphering the molecular functions of sterols in cellulose
... As for many integral membrane complexes, biochemical analysis of cellulose synthase has proven to be a major challenge. The enzyme complex is highly unstable, and PM extractions typically result in loss of cellulose synthase activity (Delmer, 1999; Bessueille and Bulone, 2008). In vitro synthesis of ...
... As for many integral membrane complexes, biochemical analysis of cellulose synthase has proven to be a major challenge. The enzyme complex is highly unstable, and PM extractions typically result in loss of cellulose synthase activity (Delmer, 1999; Bessueille and Bulone, 2008). In vitro synthesis of ...
assembly and enlargement of the primary cell wall in plants
... Vian & Roland 1987). These studies thus convey very different impressions of primary wall ultrastructure. The wall of enlarging plant cells is composed of approximately 30% cellulose, 30% hemicellulose, and 35% pectin, with perhaps 1–5% structural protein, on a dry weight basis. Substantial deviatio ...
... Vian & Roland 1987). These studies thus convey very different impressions of primary wall ultrastructure. The wall of enlarging plant cells is composed of approximately 30% cellulose, 30% hemicellulose, and 35% pectin, with perhaps 1–5% structural protein, on a dry weight basis. Substantial deviatio ...
Amyloplasts and Vacuolar Membrane Dynamics in
... Higher plants cannot escape from the place where they germinate and settle, even if the environmental conditions drastically change. Plants have developed many mechanisms during the course of evolution to survive in such circumstances by changing growth direction or architecture of their body shape. ...
... Higher plants cannot escape from the place where they germinate and settle, even if the environmental conditions drastically change. Plants have developed many mechanisms during the course of evolution to survive in such circumstances by changing growth direction or architecture of their body shape. ...
Proteomics methods for subcellular proteome analysis
... Single-organelle proteomics The combination of MS-based proteomics methods and traditional biochemical fractionation protocols has been a logical step in the characterization of subcellular organization. The protein contents of specific subcellular compartments can thus be identified following speci ...
... Single-organelle proteomics The combination of MS-based proteomics methods and traditional biochemical fractionation protocols has been a logical step in the characterization of subcellular organization. The protein contents of specific subcellular compartments can thus be identified following speci ...
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... machinery and are estimated to divide only about five times over the entire lifetime of a mouse (Wilson et al., 2008). Importantly, these dHSCs can be activated by physiopathological cues, such as interferon and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) (Wilson et al., 2008; Essers et al., 2009; ...
... machinery and are estimated to divide only about five times over the entire lifetime of a mouse (Wilson et al., 2008). Importantly, these dHSCs can be activated by physiopathological cues, such as interferon and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) (Wilson et al., 2008; Essers et al., 2009; ...
A role for actin in regulating apoptosis/programmed cell death
... reception of an apoptotic stimulus leads to an increase in the permeability of the mitochondrial outer membrane, allowing proapoptotic molecules such as cytochrome c, AIF1 (apoptosisinducing factor 1) and Endo G (endonuclease G) to be released from the intermembrane space into the cytoplasm. Cytochr ...
... reception of an apoptotic stimulus leads to an increase in the permeability of the mitochondrial outer membrane, allowing proapoptotic molecules such as cytochrome c, AIF1 (apoptosisinducing factor 1) and Endo G (endonuclease G) to be released from the intermembrane space into the cytoplasm. Cytochr ...
The Pathogen-Actin Connection: A Platform for Defense Signaling in
... in 103). In mammalian cells, actin filament assembly is regulated by both p38 MAPK and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI-3-kinase) (60). In plants, a causal link has yet to be established between the activation of MAPK signaling and the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton; however, a number of studi ...
... in 103). In mammalian cells, actin filament assembly is regulated by both p38 MAPK and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI-3-kinase) (60). In plants, a causal link has yet to be established between the activation of MAPK signaling and the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton; however, a number of studi ...
Hierarchies of plant stiffness
... is dependent on properties of the stem (Section 2.2. below) as well as the distribution of weight and formation of overall leaf canopy shape by the pattern of branching [3,8]. However, in a small herbaceous annual such as Arabidopsis, these factors are less important, and have not been studied. For ...
... is dependent on properties of the stem (Section 2.2. below) as well as the distribution of weight and formation of overall leaf canopy shape by the pattern of branching [3,8]. However, in a small herbaceous annual such as Arabidopsis, these factors are less important, and have not been studied. For ...
Regulated trafficking of neurotransmitter transporters: common notes
... cellular redistribution of the various transporters. Probably the most commonly employed technique involves the covalent modification of cell surface proteins with a membrane impermeant biotinylation reagent. After biotiny1 lation, cells are lysed and the biotinylated/cell surface proteins are batch ...
... cellular redistribution of the various transporters. Probably the most commonly employed technique involves the covalent modification of cell surface proteins with a membrane impermeant biotinylation reagent. After biotiny1 lation, cells are lysed and the biotinylated/cell surface proteins are batch ...
Expedited Publication Marks the Smooth Muscle Lineage
... Studies in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells have identified several transcription factors that play a crucial role in the formation of these cell types.12 Comparable factors have yet to be uncovered in smooth muscle cells (SMCs), whose developmental molecular biology is poorly understood. The inabi ...
... Studies in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells have identified several transcription factors that play a crucial role in the formation of these cell types.12 Comparable factors have yet to be uncovered in smooth muscle cells (SMCs), whose developmental molecular biology is poorly understood. The inabi ...
Determination and morphogenesis in the sea urchin embryo
... mesenchyme is determined by cooperation between the epithelial body wall, the extracellular material and the inherent properties of primary mesenchyme cells. Gastrulation in sea urchins is a two-step process. The first invagination is a buckling, the mechanism of which is not understood. The seconda ...
... mesenchyme is determined by cooperation between the epithelial body wall, the extracellular material and the inherent properties of primary mesenchyme cells. Gastrulation in sea urchins is a two-step process. The first invagination is a buckling, the mechanism of which is not understood. The seconda ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.