114 - University of Oxford
... from the caudal end. This behaviour is not easily explained by the existing theoretical models. We present a new model for somitogenesis that can account for this behaviour and is consistent with previous experimental observations. Dev Dyn 2000;217:415– 420. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Key words: somite ...
... from the caudal end. This behaviour is not easily explained by the existing theoretical models. We present a new model for somitogenesis that can account for this behaviour and is consistent with previous experimental observations. Dev Dyn 2000;217:415– 420. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Key words: somite ...
Determination and morphogenesis in the sea urchin embryo
... mesenchyme is determined by cooperation between the epithelial body wall, the extracellular material and the inherent properties of primary mesenchyme cells. Gastrulation in sea urchins is a two-step process. The first invagination is a buckling, the mechanism of which is not understood. The seconda ...
... mesenchyme is determined by cooperation between the epithelial body wall, the extracellular material and the inherent properties of primary mesenchyme cells. Gastrulation in sea urchins is a two-step process. The first invagination is a buckling, the mechanism of which is not understood. The seconda ...
Protein transport across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane
... signal recognition particle (SRP). The ribosome ⁄ SRP ⁄ nascent chain complex is bound to the membrane, first by an interaction between SRP and its membrane receptor (SR), and then by an interaction between the ribosome and the translocation channel (Fig. 1). The elongating polypeptide chain subseque ...
... signal recognition particle (SRP). The ribosome ⁄ SRP ⁄ nascent chain complex is bound to the membrane, first by an interaction between SRP and its membrane receptor (SR), and then by an interaction between the ribosome and the translocation channel (Fig. 1). The elongating polypeptide chain subseque ...
Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions
... these effectors in disease development (Hotson and Mudgett 2004; Orth et al. 1999). So far, three YopJ homologs, HopZ1, HopZ2, and HopZ3, have been identified from P. syringae (Arnold et al. 2001; Charity et al. 2003; Deng et al. 2003; Guttman et al. 2002; Lindeberg et al. 2005; Ma et al. 2006; Sund ...
... these effectors in disease development (Hotson and Mudgett 2004; Orth et al. 1999). So far, three YopJ homologs, HopZ1, HopZ2, and HopZ3, have been identified from P. syringae (Arnold et al. 2001; Charity et al. 2003; Deng et al. 2003; Guttman et al. 2002; Lindeberg et al. 2005; Ma et al. 2006; Sund ...
Heat shock results in cell cycle delay and synchronisation of mitotic
... Gabriela Maldonado-Codina, Salud Llamazares and David M. Glover* Cancer Research Campaign Laboratories, Cell Cycle Genetics Group, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Medical Sciences Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland ...
... Gabriela Maldonado-Codina, Salud Llamazares and David M. Glover* Cancer Research Campaign Laboratories, Cell Cycle Genetics Group, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Medical Sciences Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland ...
Wnt signaling
... phosphorylation of three domains of Dishevelled (Dvl), a family of cytosolic signal transducer molecules. • Activation of Dvl ultimately leads to phosphorylation and consequently inhibition of GSK-3 • Inhibition of GSK-3 results in stabilisation and consequent cytosolic accumulation of -catenin, ...
... phosphorylation of three domains of Dishevelled (Dvl), a family of cytosolic signal transducer molecules. • Activation of Dvl ultimately leads to phosphorylation and consequently inhibition of GSK-3 • Inhibition of GSK-3 results in stabilisation and consequent cytosolic accumulation of -catenin, ...
PDF
... by which DLAD gains access to nuclear DNA remains unknown. In eukaryotic cells, cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), in combination with either activator cyclins A or B, stimulates mitotic entry, in part, by phosphorylating the nuclear lamin proteins leading to the disassembly of the nuclear lamina and ...
... by which DLAD gains access to nuclear DNA remains unknown. In eukaryotic cells, cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), in combination with either activator cyclins A or B, stimulates mitotic entry, in part, by phosphorylating the nuclear lamin proteins leading to the disassembly of the nuclear lamina and ...
OSMOSIS (A self-instructional package)
... Consider the situation diagrammed below. A 1M solution of sucrose is separated from a chamber containing pure water by a membrane which is permeable to water, but impermeable to sucrose. Water will flow across the membrane from chamber B to chamber A. ...
... Consider the situation diagrammed below. A 1M solution of sucrose is separated from a chamber containing pure water by a membrane which is permeable to water, but impermeable to sucrose. Water will flow across the membrane from chamber B to chamber A. ...
and Function Activation Sulfenic Acid Formation for T Cell The
... Reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) generated in response to receptor stimulation play an important role in mediating cellular responses. We have examined the importance of reversible cysteine sulfenic acid formation in naive CD8ⴙ T cell activation and proliferation. We observed that, within minutes ...
... Reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) generated in response to receptor stimulation play an important role in mediating cellular responses. We have examined the importance of reversible cysteine sulfenic acid formation in naive CD8ⴙ T cell activation and proliferation. We observed that, within minutes ...
toxins
... cycle between GDP-bound (inactive), and GTP-bound (active) states, thereby acting as signal transducers that respond to upstream signals. Thus, they activate downstream effector molecules which carry out their biological functions. Rho proteins (Rho, Rac, Cdc42) are widely-expressed monomeric GTPase ...
... cycle between GDP-bound (inactive), and GTP-bound (active) states, thereby acting as signal transducers that respond to upstream signals. Thus, they activate downstream effector molecules which carry out their biological functions. Rho proteins (Rho, Rac, Cdc42) are widely-expressed monomeric GTPase ...
The Role of the 3` UTR in Regulated Post
... All mammalian pre-mRNAs undergo 3'endonucleoytic cleavage and virtually all mRNAs are then polyadenylated, with the exception of histone mRNAs in which the poly(A) tail is replaced by a stem-loop structure (16, 17). The most important cisacting element for cleavage and polyadenylation is the polyade ...
... All mammalian pre-mRNAs undergo 3'endonucleoytic cleavage and virtually all mRNAs are then polyadenylated, with the exception of histone mRNAs in which the poly(A) tail is replaced by a stem-loop structure (16, 17). The most important cisacting element for cleavage and polyadenylation is the polyade ...
A High-Resolution Transcript Profile across the
... tissue and the maintenance of a set of undifferentiated stem cells. Recent studies have provided important information on several genetic networks responsible for stem cell maintenance and regulation of cell differentiation in the apical meristems of shoots and roots. Nothing, however, is known abou ...
... tissue and the maintenance of a set of undifferentiated stem cells. Recent studies have provided important information on several genetic networks responsible for stem cell maintenance and regulation of cell differentiation in the apical meristems of shoots and roots. Nothing, however, is known abou ...
The Neuron & Action Potential
... • Neurons communicate by means of an electrical signal called the Action Potential • Action Potentials are based on movements of ions between the outside and inside of the axon • When an Action Potential occurs, a molecular message is sent to neighboring neurons • Action Potential is an All or Nothi ...
... • Neurons communicate by means of an electrical signal called the Action Potential • Action Potentials are based on movements of ions between the outside and inside of the axon • When an Action Potential occurs, a molecular message is sent to neighboring neurons • Action Potential is an All or Nothi ...
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Pancreatic Cancer
... ERO1α, are activated by CHOP, which leads to apoptosis through increasing the protein synthesis and oxidation in the ER of stressed cells (28). It has been shown that CHOP can also be activated by ATF6 (17). Another pathway starts with the activation of IRE1α by homodimerization and autophosphorylat ...
... ERO1α, are activated by CHOP, which leads to apoptosis through increasing the protein synthesis and oxidation in the ER of stressed cells (28). It has been shown that CHOP can also be activated by ATF6 (17). Another pathway starts with the activation of IRE1α by homodimerization and autophosphorylat ...
The Neuron & Action Potential
... • Neurons communicate by means of an electrical signal called the Action Potential • Action Potentials are based on movements of ions between the outside and inside of the axon • When an Action Potential occurs, a molecular message is sent to neighboring neurons • Action Potential is an All or Nothi ...
... • Neurons communicate by means of an electrical signal called the Action Potential • Action Potentials are based on movements of ions between the outside and inside of the axon • When an Action Potential occurs, a molecular message is sent to neighboring neurons • Action Potential is an All or Nothi ...
Extracellular matrix stiffness in regulation of intestinal stem cell
... Stem cells have the significant ability to divide interminably and to generate all the specialized cell types in the body. Characteristics, such as being undifferentiated and having the ability to self-renew and to generate daughter cells with distinct cell fates, separate stem cells from other cell ...
... Stem cells have the significant ability to divide interminably and to generate all the specialized cell types in the body. Characteristics, such as being undifferentiated and having the ability to self-renew and to generate daughter cells with distinct cell fates, separate stem cells from other cell ...
Chloroplast Division and Morphology Are Differentially Affected by
... In higher plants, two nuclear gene families, FtsZ1 and FtsZ2, encode homologs of the bacterial protein FtsZ, a key component of the prokaryotic cell division machinery. We previously demonstrated that members of both gene families are essential for plastid division, but are functionally distinct. To ...
... In higher plants, two nuclear gene families, FtsZ1 and FtsZ2, encode homologs of the bacterial protein FtsZ, a key component of the prokaryotic cell division machinery. We previously demonstrated that members of both gene families are essential for plastid division, but are functionally distinct. To ...
Comparative Biochemistry of the Oxidative Burst Produced by Rose
... plasma membrane lipids, induced by ROS, may kill cells directly. Alternatively, superoxide (Jabs et al., 1996) or H2O2 (Levine et al., 1994) may serve as signals leading indirectly to mortality. However, in at least one case it has been shown that an oxidative burst by itself is not sufficient to tr ...
... plasma membrane lipids, induced by ROS, may kill cells directly. Alternatively, superoxide (Jabs et al., 1996) or H2O2 (Levine et al., 1994) may serve as signals leading indirectly to mortality. However, in at least one case it has been shown that an oxidative burst by itself is not sufficient to tr ...
Force development by the contractile vacuole
... Paramecium cell and confined under mineral oil, showed periodic rounding and slackening at regular intervals for an extended time. The contractile vacuole rounded against the cytosol-mineral oil boundary tension. The tension at the surface of the contractile vacuole is, therefore, assumed to increas ...
... Paramecium cell and confined under mineral oil, showed periodic rounding and slackening at regular intervals for an extended time. The contractile vacuole rounded against the cytosol-mineral oil boundary tension. The tension at the surface of the contractile vacuole is, therefore, assumed to increas ...
mRNA Transport in Yeast: Time to Reinvestigate the
... To identify genes that are essential for mRNA transport in yeast, our laboratory, and others, have turned to a genetic approach. A suicide enrichment procedure was used to establish a library of temperature-sensitive conditional mutants of S. cerevisiae, which, at the restrictive temperature, cease ...
... To identify genes that are essential for mRNA transport in yeast, our laboratory, and others, have turned to a genetic approach. A suicide enrichment procedure was used to establish a library of temperature-sensitive conditional mutants of S. cerevisiae, which, at the restrictive temperature, cease ...
The Mechanosensitive TRPV4 Ion Channel
... Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) • Mechanosensitive cation-permeable channel that is activated by chemical and physical stimuli, including plasma membrane stretching • Ubiquitous cell type and tissue expression • Our lab is the first to investigate the significance of TRPV4 in lung ...
... Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) • Mechanosensitive cation-permeable channel that is activated by chemical and physical stimuli, including plasma membrane stretching • Ubiquitous cell type and tissue expression • Our lab is the first to investigate the significance of TRPV4 in lung ...
Isoflavone and Pterocarpan Malonylglucosides and ß -l,3
... pan malonylglucosides of chickpea has not been proven clearly until yet. Apart from the accumulation of phytoalexins the synthesis of pathogenesis-related proteins is an especially prominent reaction of plants after microbial infection or elicitation [18]. Recent in vestigations have identified dif ...
... pan malonylglucosides of chickpea has not been proven clearly until yet. Apart from the accumulation of phytoalexins the synthesis of pathogenesis-related proteins is an especially prominent reaction of plants after microbial infection or elicitation [18]. Recent in vestigations have identified dif ...
9700/02 - StudyGuide.PK
... The cubes were carefully blotted dry, weighed and their fresh masses recorded. One cube, 2 cm × 2 cm × 2 cm, was put into a beaker and covered with distilled water. Eight cubes each measuring 1 cm × 1 cm × 1 cm were put into another beaker of distilled water, making sure that they were all covered w ...
... The cubes were carefully blotted dry, weighed and their fresh masses recorded. One cube, 2 cm × 2 cm × 2 cm, was put into a beaker and covered with distilled water. Eight cubes each measuring 1 cm × 1 cm × 1 cm were put into another beaker of distilled water, making sure that they were all covered w ...
The Drosophila F-box protein Fbxl7 binds to the protocadherin Fat
... Together these results indicate that loss of Fbxl7 leads to increased growth via the Hippo pathway. When we overexpressed Fbxl7 in the wing imaginal disc, the adult wings were smaller and had a reduced distance between the cross veins (Figure 1I–L, Figure 1—figure supplement 2A–B). Over expressing ...
... Together these results indicate that loss of Fbxl7 leads to increased growth via the Hippo pathway. When we overexpressed Fbxl7 in the wing imaginal disc, the adult wings were smaller and had a reduced distance between the cross veins (Figure 1I–L, Figure 1—figure supplement 2A–B). Over expressing ...
Transcriptional profiling of Arabidopsis root hairs and
... Apical growth in filamentous cells is a striking example of conservation of structure and function in plants. As opposed to most plant cells, which grow diffusively over large volumes, these are defined by growing over a relatively small volume at the tip, by exocytosis of specific cell wall precurs ...
... Apical growth in filamentous cells is a striking example of conservation of structure and function in plants. As opposed to most plant cells, which grow diffusively over large volumes, these are defined by growing over a relatively small volume at the tip, by exocytosis of specific cell wall precurs ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.