Bacteria-host relationship: ubiquitin ligases as weapons of
... the release of a subpopulation of bacteria into the cytosol allowing their detection by the host defence system. In this case, the first line of host defence against infection is restriction of bacterial replication via a type of macroautophagy known as xenophagy [10]. Through this process intracell ...
... the release of a subpopulation of bacteria into the cytosol allowing their detection by the host defence system. In this case, the first line of host defence against infection is restriction of bacterial replication via a type of macroautophagy known as xenophagy [10]. Through this process intracell ...
Microtubules Contribute to Tubule Elongation and
... ER dynamics in eukaryotes depend on the cytoskeleton. In plants, major contributors for ER organization are actin filaments (Quader et al., 1989; Knebel et al., 1990; Lichtscheidl and Hepler, 1996; Sparkes et al., 2009a) and the actin-associated motor proteins (myosins; Prokhnevsky et al., 2008; Pere ...
... ER dynamics in eukaryotes depend on the cytoskeleton. In plants, major contributors for ER organization are actin filaments (Quader et al., 1989; Knebel et al., 1990; Lichtscheidl and Hepler, 1996; Sparkes et al., 2009a) and the actin-associated motor proteins (myosins; Prokhnevsky et al., 2008; Pere ...
Bacterial Growth and Cell Division: a Mycobacterial Perspective
... factor), sulfolipids specific to M. tuberculosis, and the phosphatidylinositol mannosides. In slow-growing, pathogenic mycobacteria, such as M. tuberculosis and M. leprae, the LAMs are capped at the terminal -Ara residue with mannose residues and are referred to as ManLAMs (68, 69, 301, 324), where ...
... factor), sulfolipids specific to M. tuberculosis, and the phosphatidylinositol mannosides. In slow-growing, pathogenic mycobacteria, such as M. tuberculosis and M. leprae, the LAMs are capped at the terminal -Ara residue with mannose residues and are referred to as ManLAMs (68, 69, 301, 324), where ...
Amniotic membrane modulates innate immune response inhibiting
... b, and by the other hand activate the nuclear factor-kB (NFkB) favoring the production of proinflammatory cytokines (Kawai et al., 2005; Hirata et al., 2007; Kanneganti, 2010). In this context, it has been described that NFkB is an important molecule in cell activation process throughout maintaining ...
... b, and by the other hand activate the nuclear factor-kB (NFkB) favoring the production of proinflammatory cytokines (Kawai et al., 2005; Hirata et al., 2007; Kanneganti, 2010). In this context, it has been described that NFkB is an important molecule in cell activation process throughout maintaining ...
Control of Root Cap Formation by MicroRNA
... supernumerary cells (Figure 3A). In wild-type roots, the columella cells were elongated rapidly. By contrast, such elongation did not occur in either Pro35S:MIR160c or arf10-2 arf16-2 roots, in which the distal cells were irregular in shape and the cell stratification was gradually disturbed (Figure ...
... supernumerary cells (Figure 3A). In wild-type roots, the columella cells were elongated rapidly. By contrast, such elongation did not occur in either Pro35S:MIR160c or arf10-2 arf16-2 roots, in which the distal cells were irregular in shape and the cell stratification was gradually disturbed (Figure ...
Recovery of the resurrection plant Craterostigma wilmsii from
... and cycloheximide. Slowly dried C. wilmsii required no new transcription or translation during rehydration in order to recover. With rapid dehydration, cells showed ultrastructural damage, which indicated that at least some protective mechanisms were affected (as evidenced by a reduced accumulation ...
... and cycloheximide. Slowly dried C. wilmsii required no new transcription or translation during rehydration in order to recover. With rapid dehydration, cells showed ultrastructural damage, which indicated that at least some protective mechanisms were affected (as evidenced by a reduced accumulation ...
Introduction-to-OBO - Buffalo Ontology Site
... Benefits of orthogonality • it supports the strategy of utilizing crossproducts in composing terms and definitions • this strategy will work only if we can – minimize the degree of arbitrariness involved in selecting the terms to be composed – and thereby maximize the degree to which the Foundry on ...
... Benefits of orthogonality • it supports the strategy of utilizing crossproducts in composing terms and definitions • this strategy will work only if we can – minimize the degree of arbitrariness involved in selecting the terms to be composed – and thereby maximize the degree to which the Foundry on ...
Computational modelling of mitotic exit in budding yeast: the role of
... J. R. Soc. Interface (2011) 8, 1128–1141 ...
... J. R. Soc. Interface (2011) 8, 1128–1141 ...
MUSCLE CONTRACTION
... action potential is generated in one cell, it can spread to adjacent cells. In this way a wave of depolarisation and hence contraction can spread over a sheet of smooth muscle. The mechanism of contraction is essentially similar in that: 1) actin and myosin interact by a sliding filament mechanism 2 ...
... action potential is generated in one cell, it can spread to adjacent cells. In this way a wave of depolarisation and hence contraction can spread over a sheet of smooth muscle. The mechanism of contraction is essentially similar in that: 1) actin and myosin interact by a sliding filament mechanism 2 ...
sulforhodamine 101 Oregon Green AM
... •No effect of photolysis of NI-caged phosphate on cerebellar climbing fibre transmission or short term plasticity. However: NI-caged GABA and glycine are antagonists at respective receptors ...
... •No effect of photolysis of NI-caged phosphate on cerebellar climbing fibre transmission or short term plasticity. However: NI-caged GABA and glycine are antagonists at respective receptors ...
Aspects of growth factor signal transduction in the cell cytoplasm
... of sem-5 in which an SH2 serine residue required for phosphotyrosine binding was substituted by asparagine gave a partial vulvaless phenotype. Both SH2 domains of sem-5 are required for normal function. The growth factor receptor-binding protein GRB2 containing one SH2 and two SH3 domains has been i ...
... of sem-5 in which an SH2 serine residue required for phosphotyrosine binding was substituted by asparagine gave a partial vulvaless phenotype. Both SH2 domains of sem-5 are required for normal function. The growth factor receptor-binding protein GRB2 containing one SH2 and two SH3 domains has been i ...
Local Accumulation of Acetylcholine Receptors Is
... speciesfrom cathode-seekingto anode-seeking.The observed reversal of electromigration after such treatments supportsthe view that electroosmosisplays a significant role in electromigration (Orida and Poo, 1978; McLaughlin and Poo, 1981). Manipulation of electromigration by neuraminidase,in combinati ...
... speciesfrom cathode-seekingto anode-seeking.The observed reversal of electromigration after such treatments supportsthe view that electroosmosisplays a significant role in electromigration (Orida and Poo, 1978; McLaughlin and Poo, 1981). Manipulation of electromigration by neuraminidase,in combinati ...
Plasma Membrane Depolarization Induced by
... Figure 1. Membrane potential and ionic currents in plasma membranes of Arabidopsis suspension cells under resting conditions and in response to ABA. A, Membrane potentials of 132 Arabidopsis suspension cells were scored and membrane potential frequences were plotted. The diameter of cells was betwee ...
... Figure 1. Membrane potential and ionic currents in plasma membranes of Arabidopsis suspension cells under resting conditions and in response to ABA. A, Membrane potentials of 132 Arabidopsis suspension cells were scored and membrane potential frequences were plotted. The diameter of cells was betwee ...
functional differentiation of enterocytes in the follicle
... in the differences seen when measuring amino acid entry into these two tissues. Why FAE enterocytes fail to show this later stage of functional differentiation remains unclear. One suggestion could be that this aspect of enterocyte development needs to be initiated by factors only found within the c ...
... in the differences seen when measuring amino acid entry into these two tissues. Why FAE enterocytes fail to show this later stage of functional differentiation remains unclear. One suggestion could be that this aspect of enterocyte development needs to be initiated by factors only found within the c ...
Expression Sequences and Distribution of Two Primary Cell
... it is essential to determine as accurately as possible the specificity of the reagents used. The distribution of N-CAM in the development of Xenopus was studied with a polyclonal rabbit antibody (684) and with two mouse monoclonal antibodies (7C8 and 10H4), all of which were prepared against Xenopus ...
... it is essential to determine as accurately as possible the specificity of the reagents used. The distribution of N-CAM in the development of Xenopus was studied with a polyclonal rabbit antibody (684) and with two mouse monoclonal antibodies (7C8 and 10H4), all of which were prepared against Xenopus ...
An introduction to the enzyme - Xylanase
... wood. It fills the spaces between cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectin components. It is covalently linked to hemicelluloses and thereby crosslinks different plant polysaccharides.Lignin is bound to xylans by an ester linkage to 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid residues. The structure of xylans found in ...
... wood. It fills the spaces between cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectin components. It is covalently linked to hemicelluloses and thereby crosslinks different plant polysaccharides.Lignin is bound to xylans by an ester linkage to 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid residues. The structure of xylans found in ...
Molecular mechanism of protrusion formation during Listeria Keith Ireton Luciano A. Rigano
... e-mail: wolf-dieter.schubert@ up.ac.za ...
... e-mail: wolf-dieter.schubert@ up.ac.za ...
as a PDF
... Higher plants cannot escape from the place where they germinate and settle, even if the environmental conditions drastically change. Plants have developed many mechanisms during the course of evolution to survive in such circumstances by changing growth direction or architecture of their body shape. ...
... Higher plants cannot escape from the place where they germinate and settle, even if the environmental conditions drastically change. Plants have developed many mechanisms during the course of evolution to survive in such circumstances by changing growth direction or architecture of their body shape. ...
Access Presentation
... The Tyson (1991) cell cycle model Biology captured by the model Important model results Simplifications of the Tyson model Comparison with biology taught by Dr. Hirsch Improvements made over the years ...
... The Tyson (1991) cell cycle model Biology captured by the model Important model results Simplifications of the Tyson model Comparison with biology taught by Dr. Hirsch Improvements made over the years ...
Figure 2 - York College of Pennsylvania
... signaling pathway, named km23. Initial experimentation present with RI/RII complex. on km23 determined it to be a 96 amino acid protein, encoded by a 291 base pair reading frame with a •Lower panels: Western blots for Flag, myc, and HA predicted molecular weight of 10.6667kD. Western confirmed expre ...
... signaling pathway, named km23. Initial experimentation present with RI/RII complex. on km23 determined it to be a 96 amino acid protein, encoded by a 291 base pair reading frame with a •Lower panels: Western blots for Flag, myc, and HA predicted molecular weight of 10.6667kD. Western confirmed expre ...
Vipp1: a very important protein in plastids?!
... Westphal et al., 2001a; Fuhrmann et al., 2009a). This indicates a development in parallel to the emergence of the thylakoid membrane system and a connection to the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis. However, proteins with significant similarities to Vipp1 have been identified in several non-photo ...
... Westphal et al., 2001a; Fuhrmann et al., 2009a). This indicates a development in parallel to the emergence of the thylakoid membrane system and a connection to the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis. However, proteins with significant similarities to Vipp1 have been identified in several non-photo ...
A Genome-Wide Screen for Bacterial Envelope Biogenesis Mutants
... significantly in recent years with the emergence of carbapenemresistant Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae like Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli [10]. It is therefore important that new vulnerabilities in the Gram-negative envelope be identified to serve as targets for antibacterial drugs, o ...
... significantly in recent years with the emergence of carbapenemresistant Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae like Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli [10]. It is therefore important that new vulnerabilities in the Gram-negative envelope be identified to serve as targets for antibacterial drugs, o ...
Bio 20 Muscles notes
... slowly and resist fatigue because they are surrounded by more blood vessels and have more mitochondria. i.e. soleus muscle in the leg, postural back muscles Fast twitch– larger muscle fibers that contract quickly to give more power, but depend upon anaerobic energy production. They are rich in glyco ...
... slowly and resist fatigue because they are surrounded by more blood vessels and have more mitochondria. i.e. soleus muscle in the leg, postural back muscles Fast twitch– larger muscle fibers that contract quickly to give more power, but depend upon anaerobic energy production. They are rich in glyco ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.