Molecular Machinery Regulating Exocytosis
... facilitate trafficking of secretory vesicles carrying Sec15-exocyst components from recycling endosomes to the plasma membrane (Langevin, et al., 2005). Sec15 does not appear to interact with mammalian Rab4a, and therefore does not function as a Rab4 effector (Zhang, et al., 2004). This suggests a u ...
... facilitate trafficking of secretory vesicles carrying Sec15-exocyst components from recycling endosomes to the plasma membrane (Langevin, et al., 2005). Sec15 does not appear to interact with mammalian Rab4a, and therefore does not function as a Rab4 effector (Zhang, et al., 2004). This suggests a u ...
The Domino Effect
... The job of most individual neurons is to pick up signals from neighboring neurons and transmit them to another neuron or to a target cell. A neuron has three major regions: branched projections called dendrites; a central portion, the cell body, which contains the cell nucleus; and a single long pro ...
... The job of most individual neurons is to pick up signals from neighboring neurons and transmit them to another neuron or to a target cell. A neuron has three major regions: branched projections called dendrites; a central portion, the cell body, which contains the cell nucleus; and a single long pro ...
Thiosemicarbazone Metal Complexes: From Structure to Activity
... constant is a prerequisite for enhanced activity by comparing the activity of pyrazine thiosemicarbazone derivatives and an analogue derived from acetophenone. Moreover it is reported that these compounds prevent iron uptake from the serum Fe transport protein transferrin altering the iron homeostas ...
... constant is a prerequisite for enhanced activity by comparing the activity of pyrazine thiosemicarbazone derivatives and an analogue derived from acetophenone. Moreover it is reported that these compounds prevent iron uptake from the serum Fe transport protein transferrin altering the iron homeostas ...
Imaging Cell Wall Architecture in Single Zinnia
... secondary wall thickenings serve as structural reinforcements that add strength and rigidity to prevent the collapse of the xylem under the high pressure created by fluid transport. During the final stages of transdifferentiation, TEs accumulate lignin in their secondary walls and undergo programmed ...
... secondary wall thickenings serve as structural reinforcements that add strength and rigidity to prevent the collapse of the xylem under the high pressure created by fluid transport. During the final stages of transdifferentiation, TEs accumulate lignin in their secondary walls and undergo programmed ...
PDF
... is less sensitive to actinomycin D than AchE or tyrosinase gene transcription. The fact that actinomycin D does not completely inhibit transcription in ascidian embryos (Whittaker, 1977) is consistent with this explanation. It is also conceivable, however, that the AP determinants require nuclei for ...
... is less sensitive to actinomycin D than AchE or tyrosinase gene transcription. The fact that actinomycin D does not completely inhibit transcription in ascidian embryos (Whittaker, 1977) is consistent with this explanation. It is also conceivable, however, that the AP determinants require nuclei for ...
IL-5 Receptor-mediated Tyrosine Phosphorylation of SH2
... superfamily, containing the hallmark WSXWS consensus sequence and four conserved cysteine residues in the extracellular domain. The cytoplasmic domains share limited similarity with other cytokine receptors and lack detectable kinase catalytic domains. Using a series of/3c mutants, two domains in th ...
... superfamily, containing the hallmark WSXWS consensus sequence and four conserved cysteine residues in the extracellular domain. The cytoplasmic domains share limited similarity with other cytokine receptors and lack detectable kinase catalytic domains. Using a series of/3c mutants, two domains in th ...
The Biochemistry and Structural Biology of Plant
... processive GH9 cellulase was essential for cellulose degradation in Clostridium phytofermentans ...
... processive GH9 cellulase was essential for cellulose degradation in Clostridium phytofermentans ...
PAR-1 activation by SFLLRNP decreases
... interpreted to represent places where a single myelinating process from an oligodendrocyte was lost. Linear markings were interpreted to represent places where multiple processes were affected. Whether specific markings were generated by the retraction of several oligodendrocyte processes from one c ...
... interpreted to represent places where a single myelinating process from an oligodendrocyte was lost. Linear markings were interpreted to represent places where multiple processes were affected. Whether specific markings were generated by the retraction of several oligodendrocyte processes from one c ...
Plant and Soil
... This property has led to the classification of this enzyme as a P-type ATPase. This protein transports one H+ per molecule of ATP hydrolyzed, has a low Km for ATP (0.2–2 mM) and its activity is inhibited by vanadate, diethylcarbodiimide and erythrosin B. The plasma membrane H+ -ATPase is the enzyme ...
... This property has led to the classification of this enzyme as a P-type ATPase. This protein transports one H+ per molecule of ATP hydrolyzed, has a low Km for ATP (0.2–2 mM) and its activity is inhibited by vanadate, diethylcarbodiimide and erythrosin B. The plasma membrane H+ -ATPase is the enzyme ...
1tS52 - Smithsonian Institution
... The bacterial cells were surrounded by an outer membrane with a knobby or undulating surface characteristic of the lipopolysaccharide membranes of gram-negative bacteria in electron micrographs (Moriarity and Hayward, 1982; Beveridge, 1989). A periplasmic space of approximately 18 nm occurs between ...
... The bacterial cells were surrounded by an outer membrane with a knobby or undulating surface characteristic of the lipopolysaccharide membranes of gram-negative bacteria in electron micrographs (Moriarity and Hayward, 1982; Beveridge, 1989). A periplasmic space of approximately 18 nm occurs between ...
REVIEWS
... traffic through the ER–Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) to the cis-face of the Golgi complex. In certain cases, the retrieval of misfolded proteins from the Golgi complex by COPI vesicles has been observed (see figure, part c). The Golgi complex does not contain molecular chaperones and does n ...
... traffic through the ER–Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) to the cis-face of the Golgi complex. In certain cases, the retrieval of misfolded proteins from the Golgi complex by COPI vesicles has been observed (see figure, part c). The Golgi complex does not contain molecular chaperones and does n ...
Intrahepatic expression of the hepatic stellate cell marker ®broblast
... 1/10, 2/7, 3/3 and 5/5 patients with stage 0±4 liver ®brosis, respectively (Fig. 1). Linear correlation analysis indicates that periportal FAP immunoreactivity was strongly correlated with the stage of liver ®brosis (r2 0.77, p < 0.0001) (Fig. 5). In contrast, SMA staining was present in some case ...
... 1/10, 2/7, 3/3 and 5/5 patients with stage 0±4 liver ®brosis, respectively (Fig. 1). Linear correlation analysis indicates that periportal FAP immunoreactivity was strongly correlated with the stage of liver ®brosis (r2 0.77, p < 0.0001) (Fig. 5). In contrast, SMA staining was present in some case ...
The Mechanisms of hsp27 Antibody-Mediated Apoptosis in Retinal
... incubated with hsp27 antibody for 30 min, immunogold labeling was detected mainly at cell surface invaginations, pits, and membrane-associated endosomes (Fig. 1 D,E). In retina incubated with hsp27 antibody for 2 hr, gold particles were also observed in intracellular structures. However, after incub ...
... incubated with hsp27 antibody for 30 min, immunogold labeling was detected mainly at cell surface invaginations, pits, and membrane-associated endosomes (Fig. 1 D,E). In retina incubated with hsp27 antibody for 2 hr, gold particles were also observed in intracellular structures. However, after incub ...
The Expanding Role of the mammalian Target of Rapamycin
... rapamycin-sensitive regulatory-associated protein of TOR (Raptor) in the mTORC1 complex. The complex also binds other proteins including the DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein (Deptor), the mammalian lethal with Sec13 protein 8 (mLST8, also known as GβL), and PRAS 40 as shown in Figure 1 ...
... rapamycin-sensitive regulatory-associated protein of TOR (Raptor) in the mTORC1 complex. The complex also binds other proteins including the DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein (Deptor), the mammalian lethal with Sec13 protein 8 (mLST8, also known as GβL), and PRAS 40 as shown in Figure 1 ...
Localization of TGN38 to the trans-Golgi Network
... processing, the TGN is a major sorting compaaia~ient for proteins destined to more distal organelles of the secretory pathway, such as lysosomes, endosomes, secretory granules, and different domains of the plasma membrane (Griffiths and Simons, 1986). The differentiated structure and function of the ...
... processing, the TGN is a major sorting compaaia~ient for proteins destined to more distal organelles of the secretory pathway, such as lysosomes, endosomes, secretory granules, and different domains of the plasma membrane (Griffiths and Simons, 1986). The differentiated structure and function of the ...
Plant mitochondria contain the protein translocase subunits TatB
... (Robinson and Klosgen, 1994, Cline and Henry, 1996). It is essential for the assembly of photosystem II and the cytochrome b6f complex in thylakoid membranes (Molik et al., 2001). Genes for Tat pathway components have also been identified in a number of mitochondrial genomes. Including jakobids, who ...
... (Robinson and Klosgen, 1994, Cline and Henry, 1996). It is essential for the assembly of photosystem II and the cytochrome b6f complex in thylakoid membranes (Molik et al., 2001). Genes for Tat pathway components have also been identified in a number of mitochondrial genomes. Including jakobids, who ...
Capping protein: new insights into mechanism
... direct contact with the barbed end. In addition, it should be noted that many of the residues that constitute the hydrophilic surface of the a-subunit C terminus are highly conserved [19], and these residues might be also important for the direct interaction between the a subunit and actin. Because ...
... direct contact with the barbed end. In addition, it should be noted that many of the residues that constitute the hydrophilic surface of the a-subunit C terminus are highly conserved [19], and these residues might be also important for the direct interaction between the a subunit and actin. Because ...
08. Paramecium Notes
... the contractile vacuole due to its star shape. Color the contractile vacuole dark green. Paramecium are heterotrophs and must consume food. Food enters the paramecium through the mouth pore (color orange) and goes to the gullet (color dark blue). The area of the paramecium appears pinched inward and ...
... the contractile vacuole due to its star shape. Color the contractile vacuole dark green. Paramecium are heterotrophs and must consume food. Food enters the paramecium through the mouth pore (color orange) and goes to the gullet (color dark blue). The area of the paramecium appears pinched inward and ...
Overexpression of Ferredoxin, PETF, Enhances Tolerance to Heat
... Excessive greenhouse gas emissions from human activities raise the global temperature, and high ambient temperatures lead to biochemical and physiological changes in plants, thereby affecting plant growth and development. High temperatures cause protein denaturation and aggregation, inhibiting prote ...
... Excessive greenhouse gas emissions from human activities raise the global temperature, and high ambient temperatures lead to biochemical and physiological changes in plants, thereby affecting plant growth and development. High temperatures cause protein denaturation and aggregation, inhibiting prote ...
Every B3 Past Paper Question
... He pedals an exercise bike for 2 minutes and then counts his pulse again. He repeats the experiment but changes how fast he pedals. The table shows his results. speed of exercise in km / h ...
... He pedals an exercise bike for 2 minutes and then counts his pulse again. He repeats the experiment but changes how fast he pedals. The table shows his results. speed of exercise in km / h ...
Science Jeopardy - Broward County Public Schools
... • ANSWER: Explain the difference between a cell membrane and a cell wall. • QUESTION: Cell membranes control what passes in and out of a cell, whereas a cell wall gives a cell a rigid shape. ...
... • ANSWER: Explain the difference between a cell membrane and a cell wall. • QUESTION: Cell membranes control what passes in and out of a cell, whereas a cell wall gives a cell a rigid shape. ...
Cnidarians: An evolutionarily conserved model system for
... and insects. Although little is known to date about cnidarian embryogenesis on the molecular level, new molecular data indicate that some of the homologous genes involved in bilaterian embryogenesis act during cnidarian regeneration. Therefore, the intriguing possibility exists that a common set of ...
... and insects. Although little is known to date about cnidarian embryogenesis on the molecular level, new molecular data indicate that some of the homologous genes involved in bilaterian embryogenesis act during cnidarian regeneration. Therefore, the intriguing possibility exists that a common set of ...
Small Signaling Peptides in Arabidopsis Development
... completes activation. Cys-rich peptides often do not require proteolytic processing from a precursor, though there are exceptions. Activation of Cysrich peptides is completed upon formation of disulphide bonds between the conserved Cys residues of the peptide, thus bringing the peptide to an active ...
... completes activation. Cys-rich peptides often do not require proteolytic processing from a precursor, though there are exceptions. Activation of Cysrich peptides is completed upon formation of disulphide bonds between the conserved Cys residues of the peptide, thus bringing the peptide to an active ...
Detoxification of Arsenic by Phytochelatins in Plants
... groundwater pollution by As compounds has drawn considerable attention and raised serious concern in Bangladesh and other locations (Dhar et al., 1997; Kaiser, 1998). As poisoning is known to interfere with the cell’s sulfhydryl groups. In humans, the toxicity of trivalent As is mainly due to its bi ...
... groundwater pollution by As compounds has drawn considerable attention and raised serious concern in Bangladesh and other locations (Dhar et al., 1997; Kaiser, 1998). As poisoning is known to interfere with the cell’s sulfhydryl groups. In humans, the toxicity of trivalent As is mainly due to its bi ...
How to build a grid cell
... in other layers also show grid cell firing, it is clear that the grid cell phenotype is not restricted to a single cell type. Stellate cells have received substantial attention even before the discovery of grid cells because of their distinctive intrinsic excitability and responsiveness in the theta ...
... in other layers also show grid cell firing, it is clear that the grid cell phenotype is not restricted to a single cell type. Stellate cells have received substantial attention even before the discovery of grid cells because of their distinctive intrinsic excitability and responsiveness in the theta ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.