Inorganic pyrophosphate is located primarily in the mitochondria of
... In previous work we have shown that small changes in light-scattering, induced by gluconeogenic hormones, valinomycin and A23187, correlate well with changes in the mitochondrial matrix volume of hepatocytes measured in situ or after rapid cell disruption (Quinlan et al., 1983; Halestrap et al., 198 ...
... In previous work we have shown that small changes in light-scattering, induced by gluconeogenic hormones, valinomycin and A23187, correlate well with changes in the mitochondrial matrix volume of hepatocytes measured in situ or after rapid cell disruption (Quinlan et al., 1983; Halestrap et al., 198 ...
Functional specialization of Medicago truncatula leaves and
... from Aspergillus niger under the control of the constitutive CaMV35S enhanced promoter, with an additional 5⬘ sequence encoding an N-terminal signal peptide for ER translocation. One construct had in addition a C-terminal KDEL tag for ER-retrieval. Eleven transgenic Medicago lines were selected, sev ...
... from Aspergillus niger under the control of the constitutive CaMV35S enhanced promoter, with an additional 5⬘ sequence encoding an N-terminal signal peptide for ER translocation. One construct had in addition a C-terminal KDEL tag for ER-retrieval. Eleven transgenic Medicago lines were selected, sev ...
Mechanisms of convergence and extension by cell intercalation
... with sti¡ness of the same tissue at the late midgastrula stage, after involution. (i) Before involution, E(180) ˆ ¹3^4 N m7 2; (ii) after involution, E(180) ˆ ¹14^15 N m7 2. The tissues tested are shown in grey shading; the test was done with compression along the anteroposterior axis. The force of ...
... with sti¡ness of the same tissue at the late midgastrula stage, after involution. (i) Before involution, E(180) ˆ ¹3^4 N m7 2; (ii) after involution, E(180) ˆ ¹14^15 N m7 2. The tissues tested are shown in grey shading; the test was done with compression along the anteroposterior axis. The force of ...
Stitching proteins into membranes, not sew simple
... *Corresponding authors: Paul Whitley, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA27AY, UK, e-mail: [email protected]; and Ismael Mingarro, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of ...
... *Corresponding authors: Paul Whitley, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA27AY, UK, e-mail: [email protected]; and Ismael Mingarro, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of ...
Regulation of cdk2 Activity in Endothelial Cells That Are Inhibited
... such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF),1,29 as well insoluble components of the extracellular matrix.30 It has been shown that in vitro stimulation of EC proliferation by both VEGF and bFGF requires activation of protein kinase C.31,32 However, li ...
... such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF),1,29 as well insoluble components of the extracellular matrix.30 It has been shown that in vitro stimulation of EC proliferation by both VEGF and bFGF requires activation of protein kinase C.31,32 However, li ...
Intracellular calcium: friend or foe?
... outside, the cell is able to accumulate up to millimolar concentrations of the indicator inside. Though these fluors have now been used widely in many cells types their precise intracellular location has rarely been fully documented. Other complications can be ester hydrolysis, occurring extracellul ...
... outside, the cell is able to accumulate up to millimolar concentrations of the indicator inside. Though these fluors have now been used widely in many cells types their precise intracellular location has rarely been fully documented. Other complications can be ester hydrolysis, occurring extracellul ...
the versatile bacterial type iv secretion systems
... Mpf complex to drive DNA transfer, until recently it was not known whether the CP physically interacts with the Mpf structure. Now, two studies have reported that CPs form stable interactions with homologues of the A. tumefaciens VirB10 protein35,36. The VirB10-type proteins are bitopic inner-membra ...
... Mpf complex to drive DNA transfer, until recently it was not known whether the CP physically interacts with the Mpf structure. Now, two studies have reported that CPs form stable interactions with homologues of the A. tumefaciens VirB10 protein35,36. The VirB10-type proteins are bitopic inner-membra ...
the unfolded protein response in yeast and mammals Chris
... the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments. There, effector proteins respond by upregulating the transcription of a characteristic set of target genes and slowing general translation, and the cell is enabled to tolerate and survive conditions which compromise protein folding in the ER. This reaction t ...
... the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments. There, effector proteins respond by upregulating the transcription of a characteristic set of target genes and slowing general translation, and the cell is enabled to tolerate and survive conditions which compromise protein folding in the ER. This reaction t ...
Chemical Effectors of Plant Endocytosis and Endomembrane
... by the highly organized endomembrane system which provides the functional compartments necessary for the exchange of proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides via transport intermediates (Jürgens 2004; Šamaj et al. 2005). Several endomembrane trafficking pathways converge in the continuous endomembrane ...
... by the highly organized endomembrane system which provides the functional compartments necessary for the exchange of proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides via transport intermediates (Jürgens 2004; Šamaj et al. 2005). Several endomembrane trafficking pathways converge in the continuous endomembrane ...
Plant mitochondria move on F-actin, but their positioning in the
... latrunculin B, with or without oryzalin, are very probably of ER nature. They are visible using phase-contrast optics (Fig. 6) and can be labelled with the fluorochrome DiOC6(3) (Fig. 7). These ER-structures are far more fluorescent than the cortical ER network, which is not visible in Fig. 7, but a ...
... latrunculin B, with or without oryzalin, are very probably of ER nature. They are visible using phase-contrast optics (Fig. 6) and can be labelled with the fluorochrome DiOC6(3) (Fig. 7). These ER-structures are far more fluorescent than the cortical ER network, which is not visible in Fig. 7, but a ...
Meiosis I
... Meiosis consists of two cell divisions that produce haploid daughter cells that are not genetically identical. ...
... Meiosis consists of two cell divisions that produce haploid daughter cells that are not genetically identical. ...
Default neural induction: neuralization of dissociated Xenopus cells
... triggers sustained ERK/MAPK activation in Xenopus ectodermal cells. (A) Signaling explanation for how lowering of Smad1 activpathway integration at the level of Smad1. (B) Default neural induction in dissociity could be achieved in the presence of BMPR ated animal caps (AC) cells. (C) Western blot a ...
... triggers sustained ERK/MAPK activation in Xenopus ectodermal cells. (A) Signaling explanation for how lowering of Smad1 activpathway integration at the level of Smad1. (B) Default neural induction in dissociity could be achieved in the presence of BMPR ated animal caps (AC) cells. (C) Western blot a ...
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Mitochondria in neutrophil
... during the later stages of spontaneous apoptosis in a fraction that contained both the ER and the mitochondria. GCSF did not induce the protein expression of Bfl-1, but only delayed its degradation by calpains. It appeared that Bfl1 expression was translationally controlled and that a pro-apoptotic ...
... during the later stages of spontaneous apoptosis in a fraction that contained both the ER and the mitochondria. GCSF did not induce the protein expression of Bfl-1, but only delayed its degradation by calpains. It appeared that Bfl1 expression was translationally controlled and that a pro-apoptotic ...
Tese Hugo Fraga
... context, the aim of this study was to deepen the knowledge about SE and EC cryopreservation of A. angustifolia, aiming at the identification and elucidation of its control points by means of ultrastructural and biochemical studies. The results achieved allow: obtaining a SE fate map of A. angustifol ...
... context, the aim of this study was to deepen the knowledge about SE and EC cryopreservation of A. angustifolia, aiming at the identification and elucidation of its control points by means of ultrastructural and biochemical studies. The results achieved allow: obtaining a SE fate map of A. angustifol ...
Biology II Pacing Guide - Canton Public School District
... Relate gene expression (e.g., replication, transcription, translation) to protein structure and function. (DOK 2) Translation of a messenger RNA strand into a protein Processing by organelles so that the protein is appropriately packaged, labeled, and eventually exported by the cell Messenger ...
... Relate gene expression (e.g., replication, transcription, translation) to protein structure and function. (DOK 2) Translation of a messenger RNA strand into a protein Processing by organelles so that the protein is appropriately packaged, labeled, and eventually exported by the cell Messenger ...
Genetically Encoded Spy Peptide Fusion System to
... Here, we report a general method for post-translational, covalent labeling of cell surface exposed transgenic proteins using all-genetically encoded components. This method specifically and quantitatively labels membrane proteins in living cells without affecting cell viability, and therefore enable ...
... Here, we report a general method for post-translational, covalent labeling of cell surface exposed transgenic proteins using all-genetically encoded components. This method specifically and quantitatively labels membrane proteins in living cells without affecting cell viability, and therefore enable ...
h-Barrel membrane protein folding and structure viewed through the
... E-mail addresses: [email protected] (M. Montoya), [email protected] (E. Gouaux). ...
... E-mail addresses: [email protected] (M. Montoya), [email protected] (E. Gouaux). ...
Lactic acid excretion by Streptococcus mutans
... Lactic acid is the major end-product of glycolysis by Streptococcus mutans under conditions of sugar excess or low environmental pH. However, the mechanism of lactic acid excretion by S. mutans is unknown. To characterize lactic acid efflux in 5. mutans the transmembrane movement of radiolabelled la ...
... Lactic acid is the major end-product of glycolysis by Streptococcus mutans under conditions of sugar excess or low environmental pH. However, the mechanism of lactic acid excretion by S. mutans is unknown. To characterize lactic acid efflux in 5. mutans the transmembrane movement of radiolabelled la ...
An analysis of the response to gut induction in the C. elegans embryo
... To determine whether this time represents the time that EMS loses the competence to respond to P2’s signal, or the time that P2 stops signalling, cells from embryos of differing ages were combined. First, uninduced EMS blastomeres were tested to see if they can respond after this time. An EMS blasto ...
... To determine whether this time represents the time that EMS loses the competence to respond to P2’s signal, or the time that P2 stops signalling, cells from embryos of differing ages were combined. First, uninduced EMS blastomeres were tested to see if they can respond after this time. An EMS blasto ...
The Living World - Chapter 4 - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display ...
... Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display ...
Lactic acid excretion by Streptococcus mutans
... Lactic acid is the major end-product of glycolysis by Streptococcus mutans under conditions of sugar excess or low environmental pH. However, the mechanism of lactic acid excretion by S. mutans is unknown. To characterize lactic acid efflux in 5. mutans the transmembrane movement of radiolabelled la ...
... Lactic acid is the major end-product of glycolysis by Streptococcus mutans under conditions of sugar excess or low environmental pH. However, the mechanism of lactic acid excretion by S. mutans is unknown. To characterize lactic acid efflux in 5. mutans the transmembrane movement of radiolabelled la ...
Gene Section PTPRJ (protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, J)
... specifically induce dephosphorylation of the Srcinhibitory Y529 and thus to increase Src activity. In addition, there are data suggesting that PTPRJ polymorphisms can affect susceptibility to thyroid carcinomas: DEP-1 homozygous for the Gln276Pro, Arg326Gln and the Glu872Asp allele were more frequen ...
... specifically induce dephosphorylation of the Srcinhibitory Y529 and thus to increase Src activity. In addition, there are data suggesting that PTPRJ polymorphisms can affect susceptibility to thyroid carcinomas: DEP-1 homozygous for the Gln276Pro, Arg326Gln and the Glu872Asp allele were more frequen ...
A rapid and robust assay for detection of S
... effectively be determined by flow cytometry after isolation of nuclei. In animal cell cultures, high quality and intact nuclei preparations can be relatively easily obtained in hypotonic buffers with detergents. In plants, however, cell walls pose a significant barrier for nuclei isolation. To allev ...
... effectively be determined by flow cytometry after isolation of nuclei. In animal cell cultures, high quality and intact nuclei preparations can be relatively easily obtained in hypotonic buffers with detergents. In plants, however, cell walls pose a significant barrier for nuclei isolation. To allev ...
Expression of the nidogen-binding site of the laminin γ1 chain
... also binds collagens I and IV, and perlecan in vitro (Kohfeldt et al., 1998). These results suggested that nidogen-2 could take over certain of the roles of mammalian nidogen-1 in its absence, but they did not explain why there appeared to be no basement membrane defect in Caenorhabditis elegans upo ...
... also binds collagens I and IV, and perlecan in vitro (Kohfeldt et al., 1998). These results suggested that nidogen-2 could take over certain of the roles of mammalian nidogen-1 in its absence, but they did not explain why there appeared to be no basement membrane defect in Caenorhabditis elegans upo ...
Osmotic Effects on the Electrical Properties of
... membrane conductance of about 172 nS. For hair dimensions of about 8 by 90 m, and epidermal cell component dimensions of 12.5 by 87.5 m, the estimated specific conductance is about 2.9 ⫻ 10⫺3 S cm⫺2 (a specific resistance of 0.4 k⍀ cm2). The estimated conductance is expected to be higher than the ...
... membrane conductance of about 172 nS. For hair dimensions of about 8 by 90 m, and epidermal cell component dimensions of 12.5 by 87.5 m, the estimated specific conductance is about 2.9 ⫻ 10⫺3 S cm⫺2 (a specific resistance of 0.4 k⍀ cm2). The estimated conductance is expected to be higher than the ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.