Salt-Induced Remodeling of Spatially Restricted
... Although the operation and physiological relevance of endocytosis have been demonstrated unequivocally in plants, the molecular components participating in the process are less well characterized than in animal systems. Simple, well-defined tissue organization makes the Arabidopsis thaliana root an i ...
... Although the operation and physiological relevance of endocytosis have been demonstrated unequivocally in plants, the molecular components participating in the process are less well characterized than in animal systems. Simple, well-defined tissue organization makes the Arabidopsis thaliana root an i ...
Plant mitochondria contain the protein translocase subunits TatB
... (Robinson and Klosgen, 1994, Cline and Henry, 1996). It is essential for the assembly of photosystem II and the cytochrome b6f complex in thylakoid membranes (Molik et al., 2001). Genes for Tat pathway components have also been identified in a number of mitochondrial genomes. Including jakobids, who ...
... (Robinson and Klosgen, 1994, Cline and Henry, 1996). It is essential for the assembly of photosystem II and the cytochrome b6f complex in thylakoid membranes (Molik et al., 2001). Genes for Tat pathway components have also been identified in a number of mitochondrial genomes. Including jakobids, who ...
Electrophilic Affibodies Forming Covalent Bonds to Protein Targets*DS
... formed an extremely stable complex with an endogenous protein target. However, complex formation only proceeded to 10% completion, while the specificity of the reaction in complex biological systems has not been demonstrated (19). Here, instead of an antibody, we employ an affibody, a robust low mol ...
... formed an extremely stable complex with an endogenous protein target. However, complex formation only proceeded to 10% completion, while the specificity of the reaction in complex biological systems has not been demonstrated (19). Here, instead of an antibody, we employ an affibody, a robust low mol ...
Jamming prokaryotic cell-to-cell communications in a model biofilm†
... bacterial reproduction, we allow b to vary with time according to bg2t/v, where n is the rate constant for doubling. Using eqn (1) we simulated and fit the GFP-LVA expression measured by the fluorescence data to extract parameters that described GFP production and degradation, and the C6-HSL concent ...
... bacterial reproduction, we allow b to vary with time according to bg2t/v, where n is the rate constant for doubling. Using eqn (1) we simulated and fit the GFP-LVA expression measured by the fluorescence data to extract parameters that described GFP production and degradation, and the C6-HSL concent ...
Subthreshold High-Frequency Electrical Field
... VEGF. Thus, we thought to investigate the effect of SES on VEGF regulation in cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs), in the aim to reveal new techniques for therapeutic angiogenesis in ischemic heart disease. Cell cultures of NRVMs were electrically stimulated with field strengths below ...
... VEGF. Thus, we thought to investigate the effect of SES on VEGF regulation in cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs), in the aim to reveal new techniques for therapeutic angiogenesis in ischemic heart disease. Cell cultures of NRVMs were electrically stimulated with field strengths below ...
From segment to somite: Segmentation to
... Fig. 2. The model mechanisms underlying somite segmentation. A: An illustration of the anteroposterior (AP) axis and the various stages of somite formation according to the clock and wavefront model. The posterior presomitic mesoderm (PSM; shown in light gray) is homogeneous and cells are undetermin ...
... Fig. 2. The model mechanisms underlying somite segmentation. A: An illustration of the anteroposterior (AP) axis and the various stages of somite formation according to the clock and wavefront model. The posterior presomitic mesoderm (PSM; shown in light gray) is homogeneous and cells are undetermin ...
PD-1 promotes immune exhaustion by inducing antiviral T cell
... iors would differ in these two different microenvironments after infection (Fig. 1 A and Videos 1–3). For example, at day 4 after infection subtle differences in T cell motility had already emerged between the two models of infection (Fig. 1 B and Video 2). When compared with Arm infection, P14 cell ...
... iors would differ in these two different microenvironments after infection (Fig. 1 A and Videos 1–3). For example, at day 4 after infection subtle differences in T cell motility had already emerged between the two models of infection (Fig. 1 B and Video 2). When compared with Arm infection, P14 cell ...
Protein Sorting between Mitochondrial Membranes Specified by
... (A) pSPO19 is derived from pSP64 and contains a cDNA insert coding for a functional full length copy of rat liver pOCT(25). (B) pSPOGS encodes pOCT containing the VSV G stop-transfer sequence positioned between amino acids 319 and 321 of the pOCT sequence. The derived polypeptide precursor is design ...
... (A) pSPO19 is derived from pSP64 and contains a cDNA insert coding for a functional full length copy of rat liver pOCT(25). (B) pSPOGS encodes pOCT containing the VSV G stop-transfer sequence positioned between amino acids 319 and 321 of the pOCT sequence. The derived polypeptide precursor is design ...
IN VITRO BARK EXTRACTS
... The nutrient broth was prepared and sterilized by autoclaving at 121˚C and at 15lbs for 15 minutes. Bacterial and fungal cultures were sub cultured in liquid medium at 37˚C for 8h and further used for the test (104-105CFU /ml). Antibacterial Assay Kirby bauer Agar Well Diffusion method was used to s ...
... The nutrient broth was prepared and sterilized by autoclaving at 121˚C and at 15lbs for 15 minutes. Bacterial and fungal cultures were sub cultured in liquid medium at 37˚C for 8h and further used for the test (104-105CFU /ml). Antibacterial Assay Kirby bauer Agar Well Diffusion method was used to s ...
Where in the Cell Are You? Probing HIV
... transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to identify HIV-1 fusion at the cell surface [3], the advent of dually fluorescent HIV-1 virions and pH-sensing reporters have demonstrated that as much as 30% of virions can carry out fusion with endosomal membranes to initiate infections [8]. Overall, reporte ...
... transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to identify HIV-1 fusion at the cell surface [3], the advent of dually fluorescent HIV-1 virions and pH-sensing reporters have demonstrated that as much as 30% of virions can carry out fusion with endosomal membranes to initiate infections [8]. Overall, reporte ...
The early evolution of lipid membranes and the three domains of life
... formation78,79. The possibility of incorporating the building blocks of replicating genetic polymers inside such vesicles has converted these vesicles into an attractive and tractable model for synthetic-biology experiments and protocell formation in vitro13,67. This avenue of research is progressin ...
... formation78,79. The possibility of incorporating the building blocks of replicating genetic polymers inside such vesicles has converted these vesicles into an attractive and tractable model for synthetic-biology experiments and protocell formation in vitro13,67. This avenue of research is progressin ...
Conservation of inner nuclear membrane targeting sequences in
... the other authors. A.K. performed all experiments except the biochemical and structural studies in Figure 2, which were performed and analyzed by R.K.L. and G.C. The experiments in HEK293T cells in Figure 6, B and C, and Supplemental Figure S2 were designed by A.K., M.F., and N.J.B., performed by A. ...
... the other authors. A.K. performed all experiments except the biochemical and structural studies in Figure 2, which were performed and analyzed by R.K.L. and G.C. The experiments in HEK293T cells in Figure 6, B and C, and Supplemental Figure S2 were designed by A.K., M.F., and N.J.B., performed by A. ...
cellular and subcellular mechanisms of cardiac pacemaker oscillations
... Rhythmic oscillations in the membrane potential of heart cells are important in normal cardiac pacemaker activity as well as cardiac arrhythmias. Two fundamentally different mechanisms of oscillatory activity can be distinguished at the cellular and subcellular level. The first mechanism, referred t ...
... Rhythmic oscillations in the membrane potential of heart cells are important in normal cardiac pacemaker activity as well as cardiac arrhythmias. Two fundamentally different mechanisms of oscillatory activity can be distinguished at the cellular and subcellular level. The first mechanism, referred t ...
Biology 12 - Chapter 17 - Biology12-Lum
... send it to your central nervous system (CNS) (which is your brain and spinal cord). This is then sent back to the PNS so your body can respond ...
... send it to your central nervous system (CNS) (which is your brain and spinal cord). This is then sent back to the PNS so your body can respond ...
Histological and ultrastructural analysis of the
... ABSTRACT: The analysis of the developmental stages during somatic embryogenesis has been essential to elucidate the in vitro plants embryogenesis process and can validate the somatic embryogenesis induction and progression. This work aimed to characterize the embryogenic calluses and cell suspension ...
... ABSTRACT: The analysis of the developmental stages during somatic embryogenesis has been essential to elucidate the in vitro plants embryogenesis process and can validate the somatic embryogenesis induction and progression. This work aimed to characterize the embryogenic calluses and cell suspension ...
Document
... Mitochondrial biogenesis – the addition of new mitochondrial material within a cell – is essential to provide enough ATP to meet the energy demands of a tissue. It is affected by factors such as exercise, low temperature and cell division. Mitochondrial biogenesis requires the coordinated synthesis ...
... Mitochondrial biogenesis – the addition of new mitochondrial material within a cell – is essential to provide enough ATP to meet the energy demands of a tissue. It is affected by factors such as exercise, low temperature and cell division. Mitochondrial biogenesis requires the coordinated synthesis ...
Cadherins constitute a superfamily of transmembrane - HAL
... hydrophobic core of the partner molecule (Patel, 2006). This swapping interaction involving EC1 domain leads to the formation of antiparallel dimers that could mediate binding between cadherins exposed from opposing cells [13]. In addition to these structural data, EC1 domain emerges as the determin ...
... hydrophobic core of the partner molecule (Patel, 2006). This swapping interaction involving EC1 domain leads to the formation of antiparallel dimers that could mediate binding between cadherins exposed from opposing cells [13]. In addition to these structural data, EC1 domain emerges as the determin ...
Morphogenesis of complex plant cell shapes: the mechanical role of
... Cellulose is the principal component of the load-bearing system in primary plant cell walls. The great resistance to tensile forces of this polysaccharide and its embedding in matrix components make the cell wall a material similar to a fiber composite. In the rapidly growing pollen tube, the amount ...
... Cellulose is the principal component of the load-bearing system in primary plant cell walls. The great resistance to tensile forces of this polysaccharide and its embedding in matrix components make the cell wall a material similar to a fiber composite. In the rapidly growing pollen tube, the amount ...
Enzymology of Plasma Membranes of Insect Intestinal Cells`
... as a means of locating pertinent work published more than five years ago. Since this review is concerned with plasma membrane bound enzymes of insect intestinal cells I have omitted many excellent studies of enzymes found in the lumen of insect digestive tracts as well as those concerned with enzyme ...
... as a means of locating pertinent work published more than five years ago. Since this review is concerned with plasma membrane bound enzymes of insect intestinal cells I have omitted many excellent studies of enzymes found in the lumen of insect digestive tracts as well as those concerned with enzyme ...
Transient Exposure to Ethylene Stimulates Cell Division and Alters
... seedlings. B–F, Aberrant stomatal complexes in upper midzone (Fig. 1B, zone 2) include two stomata with subsidiary cells (B), cluster of lateral cells (C), stomatal cluster (D), and stomatal twins (E and F). G–J, Extra division and aberrant division plane orientations detected in radial swelling low ...
... seedlings. B–F, Aberrant stomatal complexes in upper midzone (Fig. 1B, zone 2) include two stomata with subsidiary cells (B), cluster of lateral cells (C), stomatal cluster (D), and stomatal twins (E and F). G–J, Extra division and aberrant division plane orientations detected in radial swelling low ...
Molecular organization of the cell wall of Candida albicans and its
... Invasive fungal infections are important causes of morbidity and mortality, mainly in immunodepressed and hospitalized patients. Among these, the infectious processes caused by Candida albicans have acquired an increasing importance. Different virulence factors are involved in C. albicans pathogenic ...
... Invasive fungal infections are important causes of morbidity and mortality, mainly in immunodepressed and hospitalized patients. Among these, the infectious processes caused by Candida albicans have acquired an increasing importance. Different virulence factors are involved in C. albicans pathogenic ...
Topical aldose reductase inhibitor for correcting
... endothelium was also found to be delayed in galactosaemic rats and was corrected by administration of AR inhibitors.18 Furthermore, the presence of AR has been demonstrated immunohistochemically in the comeal endothelium of humans12 and animals.13 14 These observations suggest that AR may be involve ...
... endothelium was also found to be delayed in galactosaemic rats and was corrected by administration of AR inhibitors.18 Furthermore, the presence of AR has been demonstrated immunohistochemically in the comeal endothelium of humans12 and animals.13 14 These observations suggest that AR may be involve ...
Molecular authenticity of neoplastic and normal lymphocytic leukemia patients
... peripheral blood (PB) B cells from healthy donors are readily transformed by EBV into LCLs with retained traits, including Ab production [13-15], whereas CLL B-cells are generally resistant to EBV-induced transformation. While the CLL cells carry the virus receptor CD21 and can be infected, these ce ...
... peripheral blood (PB) B cells from healthy donors are readily transformed by EBV into LCLs with retained traits, including Ab production [13-15], whereas CLL B-cells are generally resistant to EBV-induced transformation. While the CLL cells carry the virus receptor CD21 and can be infected, these ce ...
Pattern of Mutations that Results in Loss of Reduced Folate Carrier
... amino acid substitutions in RFC1 were identified. The mutations were divided into four groups according to the amino acid residues mutated. Within the same group, the mutations are listed in order of the position of the change. In cases where two mutated RFC1 alleles were detected in the same cell l ...
... amino acid substitutions in RFC1 were identified. The mutations were divided into four groups according to the amino acid residues mutated. Within the same group, the mutations are listed in order of the position of the change. In cases where two mutated RFC1 alleles were detected in the same cell l ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.