Regulation of KNOLLE syntaxin - Journal of Cell Science
... Likewise, the Caenorhabditis syn-4 gene is involved in embryo cleavage divisions but also plays a role in nuclear membrane reformation (Jantsch-Plunger and Glotzer, 1999). In contrast to the other two syntaxins, KNOLLE is required only for de novo formation of the partitioning plasma membrane during ...
... Likewise, the Caenorhabditis syn-4 gene is involved in embryo cleavage divisions but also plays a role in nuclear membrane reformation (Jantsch-Plunger and Glotzer, 1999). In contrast to the other two syntaxins, KNOLLE is required only for de novo formation of the partitioning plasma membrane during ...
Yersinia pestis targets neutrophils via complement receptor 3
... Many bacteria assemble nanomachines on their surfaces to deliver protein cargo to specific destinations. In Gramnegative bacteria, type III secretion systems (T3SS) are often engaged to deliver bacterial proteins into eukaryotic cells in a process that involves assembly of a needle-like structure on ...
... Many bacteria assemble nanomachines on their surfaces to deliver protein cargo to specific destinations. In Gramnegative bacteria, type III secretion systems (T3SS) are often engaged to deliver bacterial proteins into eukaryotic cells in a process that involves assembly of a needle-like structure on ...
Heterarchy of transcription factors driving basal and luminal
... groups have shown the CEBPB motif to be enriched in promoters of urothelial carcinoma gene sets,40 and it has been associated with urothelial differentiation in mouse.41 ELF5 and ELF1 motifs were enriched in regions proximal to up- and downregulated genes at 144 h, respectively. Although neither of ...
... groups have shown the CEBPB motif to be enriched in promoters of urothelial carcinoma gene sets,40 and it has been associated with urothelial differentiation in mouse.41 ELF5 and ELF1 motifs were enriched in regions proximal to up- and downregulated genes at 144 h, respectively. Although neither of ...
- ATS Journals
... COPD) is markedly variable among smokers, suggesting that additional factors contribute to its pathogenesis (2). Severe ␣1-antitrypsin deficiency is a proven genetic risk factor for COPD, but is found in only 1–2% of cases (3). To date, no other genetic determinants of COPD have been proven, althoug ...
... COPD) is markedly variable among smokers, suggesting that additional factors contribute to its pathogenesis (2). Severe ␣1-antitrypsin deficiency is a proven genetic risk factor for COPD, but is found in only 1–2% of cases (3). To date, no other genetic determinants of COPD have been proven, althoug ...
Beginnings of a Good Apoptotic Meal: The Find-Me and
... that S1P kinase 2 (SphK2) itself is a target of caspase 1 and that the cleaved fragment of SphK2 could be ‘‘released’’ from dying cells into the extracellular space where it would generate S1P (Weigert et al., 2010). Given the well-known role of S1P as a migratory signal and the pharmacological inte ...
... that S1P kinase 2 (SphK2) itself is a target of caspase 1 and that the cleaved fragment of SphK2 could be ‘‘released’’ from dying cells into the extracellular space where it would generate S1P (Weigert et al., 2010). Given the well-known role of S1P as a migratory signal and the pharmacological inte ...
The role of F-cadherin in localizing cells during neural tube
... that subdivide the neural tube into different regions along the neuraxis (Espeseth et al., 1995). One of these boundaries, termed the sulcus limitans, divides the caudal neural tube into a dorsal half, involved in sensory function (the alar plate), and a ventral half involved in motor function (the ...
... that subdivide the neural tube into different regions along the neuraxis (Espeseth et al., 1995). One of these boundaries, termed the sulcus limitans, divides the caudal neural tube into a dorsal half, involved in sensory function (the alar plate), and a ventral half involved in motor function (the ...
Membrane Transport Lecture
... 2. movement occurs down a gradient, 3. movement occurs until concentration reaches, equilibrium*, 4. occurs in an open system or across a membrane that is at least selectively permeable, ...
... 2. movement occurs down a gradient, 3. movement occurs until concentration reaches, equilibrium*, 4. occurs in an open system or across a membrane that is at least selectively permeable, ...
Evaluation of cell membrane integrity as a potential antimicrobial
... Bacterial cell membranes can be used as a target for the development of new antibacterial drugs. Many plants produce secondary metabolites which contain a steroid or triterpernoid aglycon attached to one or more sugar chains that exhibit cell membrane permeabilizing properties [11]. Permeability enh ...
... Bacterial cell membranes can be used as a target for the development of new antibacterial drugs. Many plants produce secondary metabolites which contain a steroid or triterpernoid aglycon attached to one or more sugar chains that exhibit cell membrane permeabilizing properties [11]. Permeability enh ...
Lipid raft–associated protein sorting in exosomes
... Exosomes were first described in studies of reticulocyte maturation about 20 years ago1,2 and more recently found to be released by other cells.3-7 Exosomes correspond to internal vesicles of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and are released in the extracellular medium upon fusion of MVBs with the plasm ...
... Exosomes were first described in studies of reticulocyte maturation about 20 years ago1,2 and more recently found to be released by other cells.3-7 Exosomes correspond to internal vesicles of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and are released in the extracellular medium upon fusion of MVBs with the plasm ...
Near-UV-induced absorbance change and
... induced a simultaneous decrease in absorption spectra and reduction of ergosterol content in the plasma membrane. Photochemical decomposition of ergosterol by near-UV radiation was revealed in who, although ergosterol is generally known to be photoconverted to previtamin D, industrially by UV radiat ...
... induced a simultaneous decrease in absorption spectra and reduction of ergosterol content in the plasma membrane. Photochemical decomposition of ergosterol by near-UV radiation was revealed in who, although ergosterol is generally known to be photoconverted to previtamin D, industrially by UV radiat ...
copyrighted material - Edinburgh Cell Wall Group
... 1.1.1 Some definitions The best-known cell wall component is cellulose – a highly insoluble polysaccharide, of which the microfibrils (‘scaffolding’) of the wall are composed. Cellulose is, however, only one of many polysaccharides found in plant cell walls, usually accounting for less then half the ...
... 1.1.1 Some definitions The best-known cell wall component is cellulose – a highly insoluble polysaccharide, of which the microfibrils (‘scaffolding’) of the wall are composed. Cellulose is, however, only one of many polysaccharides found in plant cell walls, usually accounting for less then half the ...
Memoryless self-reinforcing directionality in endosomal active
... statistically directional, the flights are statistically isotropic. Data are from ∼40,000 runs of EGF-containing endosomes in DU145 cells. b, Positive feedback during walks along microtubules: persistence probability p is plotted against accumulated curvilinear distance travelled in that direction, ...
... statistically directional, the flights are statistically isotropic. Data are from ∼40,000 runs of EGF-containing endosomes in DU145 cells. b, Positive feedback during walks along microtubules: persistence probability p is plotted against accumulated curvilinear distance travelled in that direction, ...
A TUrBO SWITCH SpEEdS Up A CRUCIAL CALCIUM PUMP
... In conclusion, we have developed a general structural model for calmodulin-mediated regulation of PMCA calcium pumps involving a turbo switch. This mechanism allows for a stringent and highly responsive control of the intracellular calcium concentration in plant and animal cells. This discovery impr ...
... In conclusion, we have developed a general structural model for calmodulin-mediated regulation of PMCA calcium pumps involving a turbo switch. This mechanism allows for a stringent and highly responsive control of the intracellular calcium concentration in plant and animal cells. This discovery impr ...
- Wiley Online Library
... identified in Ecm11 at Lys5 and evidence is provided that sumoylation at this site directly regulates Ecm11 function in meiosis. On the other hand, no relationship was observed between sumoylation of Ecm11 and its role during vegetative growth. It was shown that Ecm11 interacts with Siz2 SUMO ligase ...
... identified in Ecm11 at Lys5 and evidence is provided that sumoylation at this site directly regulates Ecm11 function in meiosis. On the other hand, no relationship was observed between sumoylation of Ecm11 and its role during vegetative growth. It was shown that Ecm11 interacts with Siz2 SUMO ligase ...
Biology - Prescott Unified School District
... Explain how bacteria cause disease. Describe how bacterial growth can be controlled. Explain how viruses cause disease. Cite evidence to support analysis of text, determine central ideas and conclusions and assess the extent to which the reasoning and evidence support the author’s claim (Epidemiolog ...
... Explain how bacteria cause disease. Describe how bacterial growth can be controlled. Explain how viruses cause disease. Cite evidence to support analysis of text, determine central ideas and conclusions and assess the extent to which the reasoning and evidence support the author’s claim (Epidemiolog ...
Co-ordination of signalling elements in guard cell ion
... exhibit roughly similar single channel conductance. In fact it has been suggested that the same channel protein may account for both gating modes (Blatt and Thiel, 1993). Indeed, changes in anion current kinetics are known to occur in response to ATP depletion ( Thomine et al., 1995), ABA stimulatio ...
... exhibit roughly similar single channel conductance. In fact it has been suggested that the same channel protein may account for both gating modes (Blatt and Thiel, 1993). Indeed, changes in anion current kinetics are known to occur in response to ATP depletion ( Thomine et al., 1995), ABA stimulatio ...
The argos Gene Encodes a Diffusible Factor
... neural recruitment after the mystery cells are transformed. In a few cases we see as many as 20 cone cells in a single cluster. These may be the products of the ommatidial fusions that are occasionally seen (approximately 5-10 per retina; Figure 21) and which appear to be caused by primary pigment c ...
... neural recruitment after the mystery cells are transformed. In a few cases we see as many as 20 cone cells in a single cluster. These may be the products of the ommatidial fusions that are occasionally seen (approximately 5-10 per retina; Figure 21) and which appear to be caused by primary pigment c ...
Involvement of reactive oxygen species in lanthanum
... a complex process modulated by a variety of phytohormones and signaling molecules, with auxin playing a central role (Wang et al., 2009). The maintenance of a normal auxin concentration and a steep auxin gradient in root tips is essential for this hormone to regulate stem cell differentiation, gravi ...
... a complex process modulated by a variety of phytohormones and signaling molecules, with auxin playing a central role (Wang et al., 2009). The maintenance of a normal auxin concentration and a steep auxin gradient in root tips is essential for this hormone to regulate stem cell differentiation, gravi ...
A model of chloroplast growth regulation in mesophyll cells
... constant for all cell plan areas. The third important observation is that irregularly shaped chloroplasts have more scatter, which means that chloroplast geometry matters. Here we propose a mechanism to explain this observed chloroplast growth regulation phenomenon. The ability to sense the collecti ...
... constant for all cell plan areas. The third important observation is that irregularly shaped chloroplasts have more scatter, which means that chloroplast geometry matters. Here we propose a mechanism to explain this observed chloroplast growth regulation phenomenon. The ability to sense the collecti ...
Zasp is required for the assembly of functional integrin adhesion sites
... carboxyl-terminal LIM domains, maintains actin anchorage at the Z line of muscle cells together with α-actinin (Clark et al., 2002; te Velthuis et al., 2007). α-Actinin is a major component of Z lines. It cross-links antiparallel actin filaments from opposite sarcomeres. Flies lacking α-actinin die ...
... carboxyl-terminal LIM domains, maintains actin anchorage at the Z line of muscle cells together with α-actinin (Clark et al., 2002; te Velthuis et al., 2007). α-Actinin is a major component of Z lines. It cross-links antiparallel actin filaments from opposite sarcomeres. Flies lacking α-actinin die ...
Cell intercalation during Drosophila germband extension and its
... about 10 minutes after the formation of the cephalic furrow (Fig. 2B), by 20 minutes most cells have separated from at least one of their blastoderm neighbors (Fig. 2C), and by 30 minutes most cells have separated from both of their blastoderm neighbors (Fig. 2D). Cell intercalation continues to sep ...
... about 10 minutes after the formation of the cephalic furrow (Fig. 2B), by 20 minutes most cells have separated from at least one of their blastoderm neighbors (Fig. 2C), and by 30 minutes most cells have separated from both of their blastoderm neighbors (Fig. 2D). Cell intercalation continues to sep ...
Spiralian Development: A Perspective Seventy
... more properly, have been called oblique four basic blastomeres of Clepsine. Wilson cleavage. These rotational movements fol- (1892) and Conklin, prior to 1897, had delow a regular alternation of direction, vised usable, slightly dissimilar systems for clockwise (right-handed, or dexiotropic) Nereis ...
... more properly, have been called oblique four basic blastomeres of Clepsine. Wilson cleavage. These rotational movements fol- (1892) and Conklin, prior to 1897, had delow a regular alternation of direction, vised usable, slightly dissimilar systems for clockwise (right-handed, or dexiotropic) Nereis ...
Blimp1 regulates development of the posterior forelimb, caudal
... The signalling centres controlling outgrowth and patterning of the early limb bud are well characterised (reviewed by Tickle, 2006; McGlinn and Tabin, 2006). Anterior-posterior (A-P) polarity is patterned by Shh signalling from the ZPA, proximal-distal (P-D) outgrowth is controlled by Fgf signalling ...
... The signalling centres controlling outgrowth and patterning of the early limb bud are well characterised (reviewed by Tickle, 2006; McGlinn and Tabin, 2006). Anterior-posterior (A-P) polarity is patterned by Shh signalling from the ZPA, proximal-distal (P-D) outgrowth is controlled by Fgf signalling ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.