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... recombination approach. Populations of tagged mutants can also be generated by restriction enzyme-mediated integration of plasmid vectors (REMI) (Kuspa and Loomis, 1992). As shown in the accompanying figure, a bacterial plasmid carrying the blasticidin (BsR) selection cassette, in addition to its ow ...
... recombination approach. Populations of tagged mutants can also be generated by restriction enzyme-mediated integration of plasmid vectors (REMI) (Kuspa and Loomis, 1992). As shown in the accompanying figure, a bacterial plasmid carrying the blasticidin (BsR) selection cassette, in addition to its ow ...
Transverse Viscoelastic Extension in Nitella
... Growth rate (% initial length / 24 hours) inhibited only 17% (4). In this study it was shown that in sequential FIG. 5. K+ stimulation of longitudinal (A) and transverse (B) extension treatments with acid pH and Mg2+, neither treatment abolished as a function of the in vivo growth rate. The applied ...
... Growth rate (% initial length / 24 hours) inhibited only 17% (4). In this study it was shown that in sequential FIG. 5. K+ stimulation of longitudinal (A) and transverse (B) extension treatments with acid pH and Mg2+, neither treatment abolished as a function of the in vivo growth rate. The applied ...
Cpf1 Is a Single RNA-Guided Endonuclease of a
... Cas9 (Figure 1A). It has been shown that the nuclease moieties of Cas9 and Cpf1 are homologous to distinct groups of transposon-encoded TnpB proteins, the first one containing both RuvC and HNH nuclease domains and the second one containing the RuvC-like domain only (Makarova and Koonin, 2015). Apar ...
... Cas9 (Figure 1A). It has been shown that the nuclease moieties of Cas9 and Cpf1 are homologous to distinct groups of transposon-encoded TnpB proteins, the first one containing both RuvC and HNH nuclease domains and the second one containing the RuvC-like domain only (Makarova and Koonin, 2015). Apar ...
Overexpression of vinculin suppresses cell motility in BALB/c 3T3 cells
... Regulation of vinculin expression may be required for the change in cell adhesion which accompanies cells progressing through the cell cycle, or when responding to a chemotactic signal in the serum. Genetic studies employed to eliminate different microfilament components, especially in Dictyostelium ...
... Regulation of vinculin expression may be required for the change in cell adhesion which accompanies cells progressing through the cell cycle, or when responding to a chemotactic signal in the serum. Genetic studies employed to eliminate different microfilament components, especially in Dictyostelium ...
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... from embryos To purify and analyse prosomes in chick embryos, we took advantage of the property of their high resistance to the detergent sarkosyl. which dissolves most of the cellular components including the ribosomes. Thus, for characterizing prosomes from the embryos of early developmental stage ...
... from embryos To purify and analyse prosomes in chick embryos, we took advantage of the property of their high resistance to the detergent sarkosyl. which dissolves most of the cellular components including the ribosomes. Thus, for characterizing prosomes from the embryos of early developmental stage ...
Plastid degeneration in Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae) provides
... cells are present in the cytoplasm, at the interface of cytoplasm and vacuole, and inside vacuoles. This suggests that they become transported from the cytoplasm to the vacuole. The function of plant MLBs thus seems transfer of cellular membranes to the vacuole. Although it is often impossible to di ...
... cells are present in the cytoplasm, at the interface of cytoplasm and vacuole, and inside vacuoles. This suggests that they become transported from the cytoplasm to the vacuole. The function of plant MLBs thus seems transfer of cellular membranes to the vacuole. Although it is often impossible to di ...
Isolation of Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Mutants Requiring the
... Mutant Isolation: The CHO cell line used in these studies and the conditions for its growth have been previously described (8). Mutant isolation from UV-mutagenized ceils was carried out as in an earlier study (6), except that 0.3 ug/ml of taxol was used as the selecting drug concentration. Survivin ...
... Mutant Isolation: The CHO cell line used in these studies and the conditions for its growth have been previously described (8). Mutant isolation from UV-mutagenized ceils was carried out as in an earlier study (6), except that 0.3 ug/ml of taxol was used as the selecting drug concentration. Survivin ...
The Boron Requirement and Cell Wall Properties
... and acetic acid (1%), and then with an excess of 80% ethanol. The denatured cells were suspended in 96% ethanol and stored at 6°C. Determination of the Pore Size of Cell Walls Using Dextran-Permeation Analysis Denatured and ethanol-saturated cells (from approximately 2 g fresh weight of cells) were ...
... and acetic acid (1%), and then with an excess of 80% ethanol. The denatured cells were suspended in 96% ethanol and stored at 6°C. Determination of the Pore Size of Cell Walls Using Dextran-Permeation Analysis Denatured and ethanol-saturated cells (from approximately 2 g fresh weight of cells) were ...
Chemokine-Induced Migration Inhibits Integrin
... Cofilin phosphorylation by Lin-11-Isl-1-Mec-3 kinase in response to semaphorin inhibits cofilin ability to bind and depolymerize pointed ends of F-actin, which inhibits F-actin turnover in neuron growth cones. Moreover, three recent reports indicate that integrin function is regulated by semaphorins ...
... Cofilin phosphorylation by Lin-11-Isl-1-Mec-3 kinase in response to semaphorin inhibits cofilin ability to bind and depolymerize pointed ends of F-actin, which inhibits F-actin turnover in neuron growth cones. Moreover, three recent reports indicate that integrin function is regulated by semaphorins ...
BOTANICAL BRIEFING. Signalling between Pathogenic Rust Fungi
... Rust fungi are obligately biotrophic plant parasites that obtain their nutrients from living host cells. The initiation of the two parasitic phases of these fungi generally requires topographic signals from the plant surface followed, for the dikaryotic phase, by a successive sequence of signals to ...
... Rust fungi are obligately biotrophic plant parasites that obtain their nutrients from living host cells. The initiation of the two parasitic phases of these fungi generally requires topographic signals from the plant surface followed, for the dikaryotic phase, by a successive sequence of signals to ...
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... bitscore values) Dh showed maximum similarity with P. edulis (temperate bamboo) proteins compared to other species. Transcription factors act as molecular control of gene expression, regulating spatial, and temporal expression during various kinds of environmental responses (Nakashima et al., 2009; ...
... bitscore values) Dh showed maximum similarity with P. edulis (temperate bamboo) proteins compared to other species. Transcription factors act as molecular control of gene expression, regulating spatial, and temporal expression during various kinds of environmental responses (Nakashima et al., 2009; ...
Super-resolution microscopy of mitochondria
... Mitochondria contain their own genome (mtDNA), which is packaged into nucleoprotein complexes (nucleoids) located in the innermost mitochondrial compartment, the aqueous matrix [55,56]. The nucleoids are distributed throughout the mitochondrial network. In humans, the mtDNA encodes 13 proteins, whic ...
... Mitochondria contain their own genome (mtDNA), which is packaged into nucleoprotein complexes (nucleoids) located in the innermost mitochondrial compartment, the aqueous matrix [55,56]. The nucleoids are distributed throughout the mitochondrial network. In humans, the mtDNA encodes 13 proteins, whic ...
tubulin isotypes - Journal of Cell Science
... detected between any of these three loci. What relationship exists between these three /3-tubulin loci and the two electrophoretically defined /3-tubulin isotypes, /31 and /32-tubulin? The ¡31-tubulin isotype The /31-tubulin is expressed in both myxamoebae and the plasmodium; however, a variety of t ...
... detected between any of these three loci. What relationship exists between these three /3-tubulin loci and the two electrophoretically defined /3-tubulin isotypes, /31 and /32-tubulin? The ¡31-tubulin isotype The /31-tubulin is expressed in both myxamoebae and the plasmodium; however, a variety of t ...
A proteomic chronology of gene expression through the cell cycle in
... methods to achieve highly synchronized mammalian cells usually involve arresting cells, either by inducible genetic depletion of factors needed to drive cell progression, or by drug treatments that either activate checkpoints, block major metabolic pathways, or else disrupt the mitotic spindle. Inhi ...
... methods to achieve highly synchronized mammalian cells usually involve arresting cells, either by inducible genetic depletion of factors needed to drive cell progression, or by drug treatments that either activate checkpoints, block major metabolic pathways, or else disrupt the mitotic spindle. Inhi ...
Dynamics of small genetic circuits subject to stochastic partitioning
... Potapov et al., 2011). A well-studied Toggle Switch is the “λswitch”, a decision circuit of the λ phage (Arkin et al., 1998), which determines whether an infecting phage will lyse the cell or, instead, integrate itself into the bacterial genome, forming a lysogen. The lytic cycle can be activated in ...
... Potapov et al., 2011). A well-studied Toggle Switch is the “λswitch”, a decision circuit of the λ phage (Arkin et al., 1998), which determines whether an infecting phage will lyse the cell or, instead, integrate itself into the bacterial genome, forming a lysogen. The lytic cycle can be activated in ...
Induction of somatic embryogenesis as an example of stress
... the processes underlying the induction phase of SE”. In carrot SE 2,4-D is required for the initiation of a program that can proceed further on its own, while the removal of 2,4-D from the induction medium may be important to control the cellular polarity, which is one of the first cytological event ...
... the processes underlying the induction phase of SE”. In carrot SE 2,4-D is required for the initiation of a program that can proceed further on its own, while the removal of 2,4-D from the induction medium may be important to control the cellular polarity, which is one of the first cytological event ...
Intracellular marking of physiologically characterized cells in the
... cell types relate to physiological unit types. We used intracellular injections of horseradish peroxidase to stain individual neurons after their response characteristics were determined by intracellular recordings. The maintenance of a continuous negative resting potential, the correspondence of th ...
... cell types relate to physiological unit types. We used intracellular injections of horseradish peroxidase to stain individual neurons after their response characteristics were determined by intracellular recordings. The maintenance of a continuous negative resting potential, the correspondence of th ...
interaction of salinity and temperature on net protein synthesis and
... enzymes. To determine which of these cellular events is initially inhibited by heat, we studiedthe synthesis of RNA and protein concurrently at 15 and 22C in SSPU medium at salinities from 15 through 40s0 ( Fig. 4). At salinities of 20 through 35%0, total RNA synthesis was greater at 22C than at 15. ...
... enzymes. To determine which of these cellular events is initially inhibited by heat, we studiedthe synthesis of RNA and protein concurrently at 15 and 22C in SSPU medium at salinities from 15 through 40s0 ( Fig. 4). At salinities of 20 through 35%0, total RNA synthesis was greater at 22C than at 15. ...
Maintenance of Shoot and Floral Meristem Cell
... rib zone provide cells for the developing pith, which makes up the inner tissues of the meristem. SAM cells can also be arranged into distinct layers called tunica and corpus on the basis of their cell division patterns (Kaplan and Cooke, 1997). In plants such as maize (Zea mays), the tunica is a si ...
... rib zone provide cells for the developing pith, which makes up the inner tissues of the meristem. SAM cells can also be arranged into distinct layers called tunica and corpus on the basis of their cell division patterns (Kaplan and Cooke, 1997). In plants such as maize (Zea mays), the tunica is a si ...
Biochemical bases of appearance and texture changes in fresh
... endoplasmic reticulum (Hrazdina and Wagner, 1985). The proteins involved with their synthesis are either incorporated into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane or are loosely associated with it (Hrazdina and Wagner, 1985). Once formed, these compounds are glycosylated and then are extruded within tran ...
... endoplasmic reticulum (Hrazdina and Wagner, 1985). The proteins involved with their synthesis are either incorporated into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane or are loosely associated with it (Hrazdina and Wagner, 1985). Once formed, these compounds are glycosylated and then are extruded within tran ...
Peptide signalling during angiosperm seed
... Abstract Cell–cell communication is pivotal for the coordination of various features of plant development. Recent studies in plants have revealed that, as in animals, secreted signal peptides play critical roles during reproduction. However, the precise signalling mechanisms in plants are not well u ...
... Abstract Cell–cell communication is pivotal for the coordination of various features of plant development. Recent studies in plants have revealed that, as in animals, secreted signal peptides play critical roles during reproduction. However, the precise signalling mechanisms in plants are not well u ...
Coordinated Regulation of AIB1 Transcriptional Activity by
... AIB1 Is Modified by SUMO-1—Sumoylation has recently been identified as an important mechanism that regulates protein functions in essential biological processes, such as gene transcription, subnuclear structure organization, and cell cycle progression. Within the SRC family of coactivators, both GRI ...
... AIB1 Is Modified by SUMO-1—Sumoylation has recently been identified as an important mechanism that regulates protein functions in essential biological processes, such as gene transcription, subnuclear structure organization, and cell cycle progression. Within the SRC family of coactivators, both GRI ...
Ctf3p, the Mis6 budding yeast homolog, interacts with Mcm22p and
... Received September 28, 2001; revised version accepted November 15, 2001. ...
... Received September 28, 2001; revised version accepted November 15, 2001. ...
NUCLEAR AND CYTOPLASMIC STAINING
... The cytoskeleton (also CSK) is a cellular "scaffolding" or "skeleton" contained within the cytoplasm and is made out of protein. The cytoskeleton is present in all cells; it was once thought to be uni ...
... The cytoskeleton (also CSK) is a cellular "scaffolding" or "skeleton" contained within the cytoplasm and is made out of protein. The cytoskeleton is present in all cells; it was once thought to be uni ...
The allocation of early blastomeres to the ectoderm and endoderm
... 1973; Cameron and Davidson, 1991). One interpretation of these results is that disaggregation reveals an underlying competence of veg1 cells to make endoderm, and in normal embryos where spatial relationships between veg1 and veg2 are not disrupted, the inherent endoderm-forming ability of veg1 is p ...
... 1973; Cameron and Davidson, 1991). One interpretation of these results is that disaggregation reveals an underlying competence of veg1 cells to make endoderm, and in normal embryos where spatial relationships between veg1 and veg2 are not disrupted, the inherent endoderm-forming ability of veg1 is p ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.