Required Early Complement Activation in Contact
... wk old) were obtained from the Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME), and were rested at least 1 wk before use. Reagents. Picryl chloride (PCl), obtained from Nacalai Tesque, Inc. (Tokyo, Japan) was recrystallized twice as described previously (14), and stored protected from light. Zymosan and CVF wer ...
... wk old) were obtained from the Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME), and were rested at least 1 wk before use. Reagents. Picryl chloride (PCl), obtained from Nacalai Tesque, Inc. (Tokyo, Japan) was recrystallized twice as described previously (14), and stored protected from light. Zymosan and CVF wer ...
localization of products of atp hydrolysis in
... present experiment was well above that observed to yield this spurious localization, but the degree of enzyme inactivation or of lead-mediated substrate hydrolysis was not ascertained by an independent chemical assay. However, the results of the four control experiments indicate that the lead salt d ...
... present experiment was well above that observed to yield this spurious localization, but the degree of enzyme inactivation or of lead-mediated substrate hydrolysis was not ascertained by an independent chemical assay. However, the results of the four control experiments indicate that the lead salt d ...
Makorin ortholog LEP-2 regulates LIN-28 stability to
... unretracted (arrows) and the tail tip cells are unfused. Punctate AJM-1::GFP staining indicates tail tip cell fusion in adult males (arrowhead and inset). (C, D) Expression of a dmd-3 transcriptional reporter (right) during TTM in wild-type males (C) and lep-2(lf ) mutants (D). In wild type, dmd-3>Y ...
... unretracted (arrows) and the tail tip cells are unfused. Punctate AJM-1::GFP staining indicates tail tip cell fusion in adult males (arrowhead and inset). (C, D) Expression of a dmd-3 transcriptional reporter (right) during TTM in wild-type males (C) and lep-2(lf ) mutants (D). In wild type, dmd-3>Y ...
Total Dissolved Solids
... 8. Use a notebook or notepad to fan air across the openings in the probe shaft of the CO2 Gas Sensor for 1 minute. 9. Fill the respiration chamber with water and then empty it. Thoroughly dry the inside of the respiration chamber with a paper towel. 10. Determine the rate of respiration: a. Move the ...
... 8. Use a notebook or notepad to fan air across the openings in the probe shaft of the CO2 Gas Sensor for 1 minute. 9. Fill the respiration chamber with water and then empty it. Thoroughly dry the inside of the respiration chamber with a paper towel. 10. Determine the rate of respiration: a. Move the ...
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)
... currents, potentials, and summed excitatory potentials, which is transmitted from one neuron to the next. The paper has been organized into five chapters in the following manner. Section II elaborates on the literature survey. It describes in detail the concept of chemical synaptic transmission proc ...
... currents, potentials, and summed excitatory potentials, which is transmitted from one neuron to the next. The paper has been organized into five chapters in the following manner. Section II elaborates on the literature survey. It describes in detail the concept of chemical synaptic transmission proc ...
Dynamics of the Cell Cycle: Checkpoints, Sizers, and Timers
... Eukaryotic cells normally reside in a quiescent state, called G0. To replicate, the cell reenters G1 and begins to synthesize the factors necessary for further progression through the cell cycle, as well as increase its mass in preparation for the subsequent division. In late G1, a restriction point ...
... Eukaryotic cells normally reside in a quiescent state, called G0. To replicate, the cell reenters G1 and begins to synthesize the factors necessary for further progression through the cell cycle, as well as increase its mass in preparation for the subsequent division. In late G1, a restriction point ...
pdf: Baskin 2013
... parameters were correlated with certain putative regulatory factors but not with others. Just as they do for expansion, kinematic methods offer a powerful method to quantify cell division rate and its distribution within the meristem. The method relies on the so-called equation of continuity, which ...
... parameters were correlated with certain putative regulatory factors but not with others. Just as they do for expansion, kinematic methods offer a powerful method to quantify cell division rate and its distribution within the meristem. The method relies on the so-called equation of continuity, which ...
Universal Microfluidic System for Analysis and Control of Cell
... microfluidics, however, long-term cultivation of sensitive cell types, such as primary mammalian cells, remains challenging. Furthermore, the number of independent culture conditions (throughput) remains limited to less than 100 in a single device, still limiting the use of these systems in large-sc ...
... microfluidics, however, long-term cultivation of sensitive cell types, such as primary mammalian cells, remains challenging. Furthermore, the number of independent culture conditions (throughput) remains limited to less than 100 in a single device, still limiting the use of these systems in large-sc ...
Boundary Representation Deformation in Parametric Solid Modeling
... 1.1 Ambiguity of Parametric Solid Modeling At its very inception solid modeling was synonymous with unambiguous (informationally complete) representations of homogeneously n-dimensional subsets of the Euclidean space [Hoffman and Rossignac 1996; Hoffmann 1989; Requicha 1977]. On the other hand, the ...
... 1.1 Ambiguity of Parametric Solid Modeling At its very inception solid modeling was synonymous with unambiguous (informationally complete) representations of homogeneously n-dimensional subsets of the Euclidean space [Hoffman and Rossignac 1996; Hoffmann 1989; Requicha 1977]. On the other hand, the ...
Multiscale Systems Analysis of Root Growth and
... gradient of cells transiting the meristem, elongation, and differentiation zones as they first divide, then expand and ultimately adopt specialized cell fates (Figure 1E). Much of our discussion below will therefore focus on this model species. ...
... gradient of cells transiting the meristem, elongation, and differentiation zones as they first divide, then expand and ultimately adopt specialized cell fates (Figure 1E). Much of our discussion below will therefore focus on this model species. ...
Cell Processes: Nernst Potential
... the cell membrane, but they are not completely blocked. In fact, there are two major ways that an ion like Na+ can make it through the membrane: 1. Through a channel: Membrane channels can open and close like gates. Once a channel is open, ions are free to move in both directions - but the NET movem ...
... the cell membrane, but they are not completely blocked. In fact, there are two major ways that an ion like Na+ can make it through the membrane: 1. Through a channel: Membrane channels can open and close like gates. Once a channel is open, ions are free to move in both directions - but the NET movem ...
T Cells + Memory CD8 Influenza A Virus
... bound to MHC class I glycoproteins. Following TCR engagement and activation of the signaling cascade, virus-specific CD8⫹ CTLs undergo a program of proliferation and differentiation as they acquire various effector functions (2, 3). Lysis of virusinfected targets can be mediated via two pathways, th ...
... bound to MHC class I glycoproteins. Following TCR engagement and activation of the signaling cascade, virus-specific CD8⫹ CTLs undergo a program of proliferation and differentiation as they acquire various effector functions (2, 3). Lysis of virusinfected targets can be mediated via two pathways, th ...
Endomembrane proton pumps: connecting membrane and vesicle
... mis-sorting of vacuolar proteins, suggesting that the functionality of a non-vacuolar compartment depends on V-ATPase function [36]. It has never been shown that ConcA induces an alkalinization of plant vacuoles. Nevertheless, several recent studies have ascribed the ConcAinduced stabilization of GF ...
... mis-sorting of vacuolar proteins, suggesting that the functionality of a non-vacuolar compartment depends on V-ATPase function [36]. It has never been shown that ConcA induces an alkalinization of plant vacuoles. Nevertheless, several recent studies have ascribed the ConcAinduced stabilization of GF ...
Direct conversion of root primordium into shoot meristem relies on
... transformation of a root primordium into a functional shoot meristem. Based on the analysis of cell boundaries in fixed tissues, very few morphological changes occur after the first 24 h of 2-iP treatment, indicating that mitotic activity rapidly decreases upon transfer from NAA to 2-iP medium (Fig. ...
... transformation of a root primordium into a functional shoot meristem. Based on the analysis of cell boundaries in fixed tissues, very few morphological changes occur after the first 24 h of 2-iP treatment, indicating that mitotic activity rapidly decreases upon transfer from NAA to 2-iP medium (Fig. ...
Myosin V Plays an Essential Role in the Thyroid Hormone
... immunoblots of astrocyte cell lysate, indicating that the antiactin IgG did not cross-react with myosin V (data not shown). These data illustrate that, as reported previously (10), the retinoid-treated, thyroid hormone-deficient astrocyte contained a fully polymerized actin cytoskeleton and indicate ...
... immunoblots of astrocyte cell lysate, indicating that the antiactin IgG did not cross-react with myosin V (data not shown). These data illustrate that, as reported previously (10), the retinoid-treated, thyroid hormone-deficient astrocyte contained a fully polymerized actin cytoskeleton and indicate ...
Arabidopsis root K - Journal of Cell Science
... et al., 2003), but has not been investigated in detail; the singlechannel characteristics, genetic basis and physiological roles of HRactivated K+ conductance remain unknown. HR-activated K+-efflux channels can potentially play very important roles in plants. Potassium is an essential nutrient, a ma ...
... et al., 2003), but has not been investigated in detail; the singlechannel characteristics, genetic basis and physiological roles of HRactivated K+ conductance remain unknown. HR-activated K+-efflux channels can potentially play very important roles in plants. Potassium is an essential nutrient, a ma ...
New Phytologist
... Possibly related to the unusual Ini+ Inr– phenotypes of this symbiosis was the frequent development of localized areas of wall erosion at the tips of root hairs on inoculated plants only (Fig. 2c). Occasionally, root hair cytoplasm leaked out from these localized erosions (Fig. 2d). These results ar ...
... Possibly related to the unusual Ini+ Inr– phenotypes of this symbiosis was the frequent development of localized areas of wall erosion at the tips of root hairs on inoculated plants only (Fig. 2c). Occasionally, root hair cytoplasm leaked out from these localized erosions (Fig. 2d). These results ar ...
Molecular Biology of Woody Plants - College of Forestry
... which they can interbreed. In this review, we focus on genetic mechanisms and options for engineering sterility. We focus on examples from research on poplar, however, also discuss comparable progress in other forest species. Poplars (genus Populus L.) are widely used as model systems for forest bio ...
... which they can interbreed. In this review, we focus on genetic mechanisms and options for engineering sterility. We focus on examples from research on poplar, however, also discuss comparable progress in other forest species. Poplars (genus Populus L.) are widely used as model systems for forest bio ...
how exercise builds muscle
... are also consuming some kind of protein supplement, such as whey powder or ordinary sports nutrition bars. Creatine occurs naturally in the body. It plays a role in muscle contraction, which is energized by a molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP). When ATP breaks down, giving up one of its th ...
... are also consuming some kind of protein supplement, such as whey powder or ordinary sports nutrition bars. Creatine occurs naturally in the body. It plays a role in muscle contraction, which is energized by a molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP). When ATP breaks down, giving up one of its th ...
microcircuitry of bipolar cells in cat retina1
... In most species, there are many different kinds of bipolar cell (e.g., Kaneko, 1970; Ramon y Cajal, 1972; Witkovsky and Stell, 1973; West, 1978). In the cat, in particular, there seem to be at least eight morphological forms of cone bipolar neuron based on studies of Golgi-impregnated retinas (Famig ...
... In most species, there are many different kinds of bipolar cell (e.g., Kaneko, 1970; Ramon y Cajal, 1972; Witkovsky and Stell, 1973; West, 1978). In the cat, in particular, there seem to be at least eight morphological forms of cone bipolar neuron based on studies of Golgi-impregnated retinas (Famig ...
Ploidy of Bacillus subtilis exfusants: the haploid nature of cells
... arise either by stickingof parental cells or through coincidence,i.e. their plating within a distance of about 0.4 mm. The previously reported experimental results can be accounted for in the light of our results. ...
... arise either by stickingof parental cells or through coincidence,i.e. their plating within a distance of about 0.4 mm. The previously reported experimental results can be accounted for in the light of our results. ...
Systematic identification of cell size regulators in
... a higher percentage of cells in G1, suggesting an extension of this phase (Fig 1A and B). Also here, this phenotype was different from that of mutants that overgrow during the S/G2/M phases, which are expected to have a shorter G1. Each of the 4,700 mutants analyzed was therefore characterized by it ...
... a higher percentage of cells in G1, suggesting an extension of this phase (Fig 1A and B). Also here, this phenotype was different from that of mutants that overgrow during the S/G2/M phases, which are expected to have a shorter G1. Each of the 4,700 mutants analyzed was therefore characterized by it ...
Morphology and LPS content for the estimation of marine
... SUMMARY: The abundance, morphotypes and biomass of the bacterial assemblages were investigated in the Ionian Sea by using two different methods: the epifluorescent microscopy technique for enumerating and sizing bacterial cells, and the determination of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Five bact ...
... SUMMARY: The abundance, morphotypes and biomass of the bacterial assemblages were investigated in the Ionian Sea by using two different methods: the epifluorescent microscopy technique for enumerating and sizing bacterial cells, and the determination of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Five bact ...
Viral protein targeting to the cortical endoplasmic reticulum is
... various strategies to spread from one cell to another. Animal viruses commonly use vesicular transport machineries in the se cretory and endocytosis/exocytosis pathways for entry and exit (Pelkmans et al., 2001; Sieczkarski and Whittaker, 2002; Smith and Helenius, 2004; Greber and Way, 2006). Howev ...
... various strategies to spread from one cell to another. Animal viruses commonly use vesicular transport machineries in the se cretory and endocytosis/exocytosis pathways for entry and exit (Pelkmans et al., 2001; Sieczkarski and Whittaker, 2002; Smith and Helenius, 2004; Greber and Way, 2006). Howev ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.