1749-8104-8-5 - Cambridge Repository
... Keywords: Intrinsic program, Lumen, Neuroepithelial polarity, Neural tube, Zebrafish ...
... Keywords: Intrinsic program, Lumen, Neuroepithelial polarity, Neural tube, Zebrafish ...
Functions and Mechanisms of Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF
... for differentiation. In the larval CNS, Htl controls gliogenesis in both perineural and cortex glia cells [31]. 2.2. Biological Functions of Btl The developmental functions of Btl are distinct from those of Htl and no case has been reported where the two FGFRs act in concert to control a single morp ...
... for differentiation. In the larval CNS, Htl controls gliogenesis in both perineural and cortex glia cells [31]. 2.2. Biological Functions of Btl The developmental functions of Btl are distinct from those of Htl and no case has been reported where the two FGFRs act in concert to control a single morp ...
REVIEW ARTICLE Mechanisms of pattern formation in development
... A number of patterning mechanisms use cellular behaviors other than signaling (although signaling may have been active at a prior stage). These mechanisms alter pattern by affecting form. This can be defined as a mechanism that changes the relative arrangement of cells over space without affecting t ...
... A number of patterning mechanisms use cellular behaviors other than signaling (although signaling may have been active at a prior stage). These mechanisms alter pattern by affecting form. This can be defined as a mechanism that changes the relative arrangement of cells over space without affecting t ...
Optimization of ERK Activity Biosensors for both Ratiometric and
... thus corresponds to an increase of kinase activity and vice versa [10]. The lifetime of the donor fluorophore is also affected by a FRET event and decreases upon kinase activity. The purpose of optimizing such tools directly relies on kinase activity behavior. In fact, in some biological processes, ...
... thus corresponds to an increase of kinase activity and vice versa [10]. The lifetime of the donor fluorophore is also affected by a FRET event and decreases upon kinase activity. The purpose of optimizing such tools directly relies on kinase activity behavior. In fact, in some biological processes, ...
Population Biology of Lymphocytes
... Naive CD4+ T cells also require allele-specific MHC class II interactions to survive (13, 14). Monoclonal TCR-Tg CD4+ T cells, restricted to I-Ad, survive after transfer into IAd+ recipients, but disappear after transfer into I-Ad-Ab+ recipients. Persistence of nonTg CD4+ policlonal populations also ...
... Naive CD4+ T cells also require allele-specific MHC class II interactions to survive (13, 14). Monoclonal TCR-Tg CD4+ T cells, restricted to I-Ad, survive after transfer into IAd+ recipients, but disappear after transfer into I-Ad-Ab+ recipients. Persistence of nonTg CD4+ policlonal populations also ...
A Cellular Adventure Reader`s Theater Characters: 1. Teacher 2
... Ryan: But DNA and cloning are pretty important. Nucleus: Yes they are. DNA and your chromosomes carry the genes that make you you. Ryan: Wow! That’s right. I think I know almost all there is to know about cells now. Right? Nucleus: Oh, Ryan. You are just beginning to learn about cells. There is so ...
... Ryan: But DNA and cloning are pretty important. Nucleus: Yes they are. DNA and your chromosomes carry the genes that make you you. Ryan: Wow! That’s right. I think I know almost all there is to know about cells now. Right? Nucleus: Oh, Ryan. You are just beginning to learn about cells. There is so ...
PDF - Blood Journal
... alpha and dense granules in megakaryocytes. These results establish a role for Rab27 in platelet synthesis and suggest that Rab27b in particular may coordinate proplatelet formation with granule transport, possibly by recruiting specific effector pathways. (Blood. 2003;102:3970-3979) © 2003 by The A ...
... alpha and dense granules in megakaryocytes. These results establish a role for Rab27 in platelet synthesis and suggest that Rab27b in particular may coordinate proplatelet formation with granule transport, possibly by recruiting specific effector pathways. (Blood. 2003;102:3970-3979) © 2003 by The A ...
Production of Outer Membrane Vesicles in a Clinical
... formation in Aeromonas since protrusions are observed on the membrane, as well as a protrusion with a septum that separates the outer membrane and the fully detached vesicles. However, detailed molecular analysis is needed to accurately describe the mechanism by which these vesicles are formed. ...
... formation in Aeromonas since protrusions are observed on the membrane, as well as a protrusion with a septum that separates the outer membrane and the fully detached vesicles. However, detailed molecular analysis is needed to accurately describe the mechanism by which these vesicles are formed. ...
Hedgehog and Dpp signaling induce cadherin Cad86C expression
... Fig. 2 – Cad86C is expressed in cells of the leading flank of the morphogenetic furrow and localizes to the subapical region. (A) A control eye imaginal disc hybridized with a Cad86C-specific RNA probe. A hybridization signal is detected in the region of the morphogenetic furrow. (B) An eye imaginal ...
... Fig. 2 – Cad86C is expressed in cells of the leading flank of the morphogenetic furrow and localizes to the subapical region. (A) A control eye imaginal disc hybridized with a Cad86C-specific RNA probe. A hybridization signal is detected in the region of the morphogenetic furrow. (B) An eye imaginal ...
The Ultrastructure of Megakaryocytes and Blood
... were all associated together in the intermediate and inner zones. Ribosomes contain ribonucleoprotein, which in many cells serves as a template for protein synthesis (Palade and Siekevitz, '56). Thus, in megakaryocytes, ribosomes may be concerned not only with the production of new granules but also ...
... were all associated together in the intermediate and inner zones. Ribosomes contain ribonucleoprotein, which in many cells serves as a template for protein synthesis (Palade and Siekevitz, '56). Thus, in megakaryocytes, ribosomes may be concerned not only with the production of new granules but also ...
transcription factor foxc2 demarcates the jugular lymphangiogenic
... muscle cells and develop valves, which control the direction of lymph flow. Early functions of FoxC2 seem to reside in the induction of lymphatic sprouts from embryonic veins, and loss of FoxC2 can be rescued by the paralogous FoxC1 (10). It has been shown that the major part of the lymphovascular t ...
... muscle cells and develop valves, which control the direction of lymph flow. Early functions of FoxC2 seem to reside in the induction of lymphatic sprouts from embryonic veins, and loss of FoxC2 can be rescued by the paralogous FoxC1 (10). It has been shown that the major part of the lymphovascular t ...
Exploring glycoside hydrolase family 5 (GH5) enzymes
... which they usually tightly bind onto the surface of cellulose via hydrogen bonds. Galactoglucomannan, glucomannan, arabinoglucoronoxylan, glucuronoxylan and xyloglucan (XG) are examples of common and abundant plant cell wall hemicelluloses [17]. In primary walls of dicotyledonous plants, XG is the m ...
... which they usually tightly bind onto the surface of cellulose via hydrogen bonds. Galactoglucomannan, glucomannan, arabinoglucoronoxylan, glucuronoxylan and xyloglucan (XG) are examples of common and abundant plant cell wall hemicelluloses [17]. In primary walls of dicotyledonous plants, XG is the m ...
Cloning, Expression in Escherichia coli, and Characterization of
... Azoarclus spp. differing at the species level (47). Physical maps of plasmids are illustrated in Fig. 2. Media and growth conditions. Escherichia coli cells were grown at 37°C in Luria broth (LB) (2) or on LB agar supplemented with carbenicillin (150 pg/ml) to maintain plasmids and were grown, when ...
... Azoarclus spp. differing at the species level (47). Physical maps of plasmids are illustrated in Fig. 2. Media and growth conditions. Escherichia coli cells were grown at 37°C in Luria broth (LB) (2) or on LB agar supplemented with carbenicillin (150 pg/ml) to maintain plasmids and were grown, when ...
Dynamics of clathrin-mediated endocytosis and its requirement for
... on either clathrin or adaptor protein 2 (AP2), an endocytic adaptor molecule. In this study, we investigated the requirement for components of clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) in another unicellular organism, the amoeba Dictyostelium. We identified a heterotetrameric AP2 complex in Dictyostelium ...
... on either clathrin or adaptor protein 2 (AP2), an endocytic adaptor molecule. In this study, we investigated the requirement for components of clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) in another unicellular organism, the amoeba Dictyostelium. We identified a heterotetrameric AP2 complex in Dictyostelium ...
Fission yeast Tor2 promotes cell growth and represses cell
... proteins. As shown in Fig. 2B, Tor1 coimmunoprecipitated with Ste20 but not with Mip1, and Ste20 co-immunoprecipitated with Tor1 but not with Tor2. Furthermore, Tor2 coimmunoprecipitated with Mip1 but not with Ste20, and Mip1 co-immunoprecipitated with Tor2 but not with Tor1. However, Pop3 coimmunop ...
... proteins. As shown in Fig. 2B, Tor1 coimmunoprecipitated with Ste20 but not with Mip1, and Ste20 co-immunoprecipitated with Tor1 but not with Tor2. Furthermore, Tor2 coimmunoprecipitated with Mip1 but not with Ste20, and Mip1 co-immunoprecipitated with Tor2 but not with Tor1. However, Pop3 coimmunop ...
Intercellular signalling and the multiplication of prokaryotes
... Of course any substance produced by cells in the culture supernatants may have growthaffecting properties, those of CO 2 being well known (Dixon & Kell, 1989). Notwithstanding the long history of the inoculumdependent lag phase, however, little is known about the nature of the secreted substanc ...
... Of course any substance produced by cells in the culture supernatants may have growthaffecting properties, those of CO 2 being well known (Dixon & Kell, 1989). Notwithstanding the long history of the inoculumdependent lag phase, however, little is known about the nature of the secreted substanc ...
Doubly Selective Antimicrobial Polymers: How Do They Differentiate
... SMAMPs cannot reach the plasma membrane of S. aureus, because they cannot pass the highly cross-linked peptidoglycan layer (Figure 1 b), which effectively reduces their concentration c2 at the plasma membrane and renders them inactive in the MIC90 experiments. The peptidoglycan layer consists of ani ...
... SMAMPs cannot reach the plasma membrane of S. aureus, because they cannot pass the highly cross-linked peptidoglycan layer (Figure 1 b), which effectively reduces their concentration c2 at the plasma membrane and renders them inactive in the MIC90 experiments. The peptidoglycan layer consists of ani ...
Dictyostelium lysosomal proteins with different sugar modifications
... Lysosomal enzymes in Dictyostelium discoideum have been well characterized in axenic cells (Cardelli, 1993). Studies on developmental regulation, lysosomal enzyme secretion and post-translational modifications have been done with normal and mutant strains altered in these features (Cardelli, 1993). ...
... Lysosomal enzymes in Dictyostelium discoideum have been well characterized in axenic cells (Cardelli, 1993). Studies on developmental regulation, lysosomal enzyme secretion and post-translational modifications have been done with normal and mutant strains altered in these features (Cardelli, 1993). ...
Hyaluronidase enhances the activity of Adriamycin in breast cancer
... Tecnomara, Fernwald, FRG) at an appropriate density of about 15 cells/microscopic field (magnification 320 x ). After 4248 h (ZR75-1:72 h) the culture medium was removed by suction and replaced by medium (200 Ixl/well) containing drug or pure vehicle (gelatin carrier dissolved in water; Adriamycin i ...
... Tecnomara, Fernwald, FRG) at an appropriate density of about 15 cells/microscopic field (magnification 320 x ). After 4248 h (ZR75-1:72 h) the culture medium was removed by suction and replaced by medium (200 Ixl/well) containing drug or pure vehicle (gelatin carrier dissolved in water; Adriamycin i ...
Cell-surface location of Listeria-specific protein p60
... of immunogold-labelled cells (Fig. 3 d ) . The maximum density of gold grains on the cell surface was estimated to be about 300 per pm2 for both ATCC 19111 and the rough mutant SLCC 5782. The specificity of immunogold labelling was established by control experiments in which the anti-p60 antiserum w ...
... of immunogold-labelled cells (Fig. 3 d ) . The maximum density of gold grains on the cell surface was estimated to be about 300 per pm2 for both ATCC 19111 and the rough mutant SLCC 5782. The specificity of immunogold labelling was established by control experiments in which the anti-p60 antiserum w ...
characterization of adult and embryonic stem cell proliferation
... Finally, to better assess stem cell integration into the central nervous system, we devised a novel slice-culture system that recreates the degeneration seen in Parkinson’s disease. Using this slice culture model, we showed that ES cell-derived neurons can survive in culture, and integrate synaptic ...
... Finally, to better assess stem cell integration into the central nervous system, we devised a novel slice-culture system that recreates the degeneration seen in Parkinson’s disease. Using this slice culture model, we showed that ES cell-derived neurons can survive in culture, and integrate synaptic ...
Patterns of pathogenesis: discrimination of pathogenic and nonpathogenic microbes by the innate immune system.
... Falkow, 1997). As each strategy is found in a broad swath of pathogens, each can be considered conceptually similar to a common molecular pattern recognized by PRRs. Below is a broad and nonexhaustive description of some of these patterns. Later, we will explore whether immune recognition of the eve ...
... Falkow, 1997). As each strategy is found in a broad swath of pathogens, each can be considered conceptually similar to a common molecular pattern recognized by PRRs. Below is a broad and nonexhaustive description of some of these patterns. Later, we will explore whether immune recognition of the eve ...
Planctomycetes and eukaryotes: A case of analogy not homology
... Eukaryotes did not, however, inherit all of their attributes directly from their prokaryotic ancestors in ready-made form, because eukaryotes boast many lineage-specific modifications that have no fully fledged homologues in prokaryotes [23], such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and its contiguous ...
... Eukaryotes did not, however, inherit all of their attributes directly from their prokaryotic ancestors in ready-made form, because eukaryotes boast many lineage-specific modifications that have no fully fledged homologues in prokaryotes [23], such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and its contiguous ...
Ultrastructural and Physiological Characterization of YELP, a Novel
... Chlorophyll is the dominant pigment in nature and one of the most abundant organic molecules on earth. Chlorophyll is involved in the absorption and transfer of energy in the process of photosynthesis. Chlorophyll deficiency in photosynthetic organisms, such as cyanobacteria, algae and plants, is a ...
... Chlorophyll is the dominant pigment in nature and one of the most abundant organic molecules on earth. Chlorophyll is involved in the absorption and transfer of energy in the process of photosynthesis. Chlorophyll deficiency in photosynthetic organisms, such as cyanobacteria, algae and plants, is a ...
Cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in branching
... Quite obviously, the active migration of a small number of tracheal tip cells away from the saclike structure of the invaginated tracheal placode has to be accompanied by cell rearrangements and cell shape changes to generate elongated tracheal branches. Because tracheal cells are at all time part o ...
... Quite obviously, the active migration of a small number of tracheal tip cells away from the saclike structure of the invaginated tracheal placode has to be accompanied by cell rearrangements and cell shape changes to generate elongated tracheal branches. Because tracheal cells are at all time part o ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.