Elsevier Editorial System(tm) for Current Opinion in Plant Biology
... Structure/function analysis of PexRD2 has shown that this effector adopts a homodimer of WY domains in vitro, and oligomerises in planta [33]. This suggests that oligomerization may provide an additional mechanism for structural and functional diversification of RXLR effectors. This finding raises i ...
... Structure/function analysis of PexRD2 has shown that this effector adopts a homodimer of WY domains in vitro, and oligomerises in planta [33]. This suggests that oligomerization may provide an additional mechanism for structural and functional diversification of RXLR effectors. This finding raises i ...
ultrasonic cleaning
... LABORATORY’S – US1 SONIC CLEANER – cleaning solutions with a very high pH to loosen deposits so that the ultrasonic cleaning cycle can effectively dislodge them at power levels that will not damage the surface of the roll itself. Cleaning Cycle The ultrasonic cleaning cycle uses sound waves to produ ...
... LABORATORY’S – US1 SONIC CLEANER – cleaning solutions with a very high pH to loosen deposits so that the ultrasonic cleaning cycle can effectively dislodge them at power levels that will not damage the surface of the roll itself. Cleaning Cycle The ultrasonic cleaning cycle uses sound waves to produ ...
Isolation of a New High Molecular Weight Protein Associated with
... in the presence of the 280,000-dalton protein. The 280,000-dalton protein is undetectable in adult skeletal and smooth muscle, as shown by immunofluorescence and immunoautoradiography. In chick embryonic fibroblasts grown in tissue culture, only a subpopulation of the cells is reactive with antibodi ...
... in the presence of the 280,000-dalton protein. The 280,000-dalton protein is undetectable in adult skeletal and smooth muscle, as shown by immunofluorescence and immunoautoradiography. In chick embryonic fibroblasts grown in tissue culture, only a subpopulation of the cells is reactive with antibodi ...
Wnt signaling: a common theme in animal development
... proven to be problematic. There are numerous unpublished tales of failed attempts to produce secreted Wnt proteins in cell culture. In general, overexpression of the genes in cultured cells results in accumulation of misfolded protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER; Kitajewski et al. 1992). Secret ...
... proven to be problematic. There are numerous unpublished tales of failed attempts to produce secreted Wnt proteins in cell culture. In general, overexpression of the genes in cultured cells results in accumulation of misfolded protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER; Kitajewski et al. 1992). Secret ...
INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTOR ROLE OF
... the clinical isolates linked to the outbreak were resistant to ciprofloxacin, the drug of choice against shigellosis in the US46. Complications of shigellosis Fatal complications of shigellosis include intestinal perforation, toxic megacolon, hemolyticuremic syndrome and septicemia47. Toxic megacolo ...
... the clinical isolates linked to the outbreak were resistant to ciprofloxacin, the drug of choice against shigellosis in the US46. Complications of shigellosis Fatal complications of shigellosis include intestinal perforation, toxic megacolon, hemolyticuremic syndrome and septicemia47. Toxic megacolo ...
Phospholipase C-γ1 is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for
... detected (Liu and Robinson, 1995; Urrutia et al., 1997). Dynamin-1 is exclusively expressed in neuronal cells (Nakata et al., 1991). But dynamin-2 is ubiquitously expressed (Cook et al., 1994) and dynamin-3 is primary expressed in Sertoli cells of the testis (Nakata et al., 1993). Dynamin’s role in ...
... detected (Liu and Robinson, 1995; Urrutia et al., 1997). Dynamin-1 is exclusively expressed in neuronal cells (Nakata et al., 1991). But dynamin-2 is ubiquitously expressed (Cook et al., 1994) and dynamin-3 is primary expressed in Sertoli cells of the testis (Nakata et al., 1993). Dynamin’s role in ...
Mypt1-mediated spatial positioning of Bmp2
... 2003). We refer to this bulge as the liver primordium. At 30 hpf, the expression patterns of foxa1, foxa2, foxa3 and gata6, including their expression in the liver primordium, were very similar in mutant and WT embryos, except that the liver primordium appeared to be positioned slightly more posteri ...
... 2003). We refer to this bulge as the liver primordium. At 30 hpf, the expression patterns of foxa1, foxa2, foxa3 and gata6, including their expression in the liver primordium, were very similar in mutant and WT embryos, except that the liver primordium appeared to be positioned slightly more posteri ...
Impact of invertase overexpression on cell size
... dark-grown seedlings of sunflower as well as in bean internodes and pea epicotyls the specific activities of invertase were closely associated with the rate of cell elongation (Maclachland et al., 1970; Morris and Arthur, 1985; Kutschera and Köhler, 1994). The potential importance of invertase duri ...
... dark-grown seedlings of sunflower as well as in bean internodes and pea epicotyls the specific activities of invertase were closely associated with the rate of cell elongation (Maclachland et al., 1970; Morris and Arthur, 1985; Kutschera and Köhler, 1994). The potential importance of invertase duri ...
Transmitter Release
... B. The voltage-gatedNa+ channelsare completely blocked by adding tetrodotoxin (TTX)to the cell-bathingsolution. Eachset of three traces represents (from bottom to top) the depolarizing current pulse injected into the presynapticterminal (I). the resulting potential in the presynapticterminal (Pre), ...
... B. The voltage-gatedNa+ channelsare completely blocked by adding tetrodotoxin (TTX)to the cell-bathingsolution. Eachset of three traces represents (from bottom to top) the depolarizing current pulse injected into the presynapticterminal (I). the resulting potential in the presynapticterminal (Pre), ...
In all vertebrate embryos examined so far, the first
... quite rapidly (15-20 µm/min.). Even within the epidermis, at these stages still a monolayer, we found them wandering by slipping between epidermal cells at a velocity of 10 µm/min (Figure 2A and Movie 1). In fact, by 48 hpf, all leukocytes moving within the epidermis display these granules. In ...
... quite rapidly (15-20 µm/min.). Even within the epidermis, at these stages still a monolayer, we found them wandering by slipping between epidermal cells at a velocity of 10 µm/min (Figure 2A and Movie 1). In fact, by 48 hpf, all leukocytes moving within the epidermis display these granules. In ...
Binding Sites for Bacterial Flagella at the Surface of the Soil Amoeba
... Ray (195 1) described the ability of Hartmannella ( = Acanthamoeba) to accumulate large numbers of motile bacteria at its periphery. These agglutinated bacteria were endocytosed after being swept backwards into what she termed a ‘cap’. The wider significance of this finding was not appreciated, and ...
... Ray (195 1) described the ability of Hartmannella ( = Acanthamoeba) to accumulate large numbers of motile bacteria at its periphery. These agglutinated bacteria were endocytosed after being swept backwards into what she termed a ‘cap’. The wider significance of this finding was not appreciated, and ...
KLF4 N-Terminal Variance Modulates Induced Reprogramming to
... contradictory to OSKM and MKOS (Figure 1B and data not shown). Despite similar transfection efficiencies (3%–5% mCherry+ cells at d2 for both OSKM and OKMS), OKMSinduced AP+ colonies were clearly more abundant by d10, indicating that OKMS initiated somatic reprogramming more robustly than OSKM (Fig ...
... contradictory to OSKM and MKOS (Figure 1B and data not shown). Despite similar transfection efficiencies (3%–5% mCherry+ cells at d2 for both OSKM and OKMS), OKMSinduced AP+ colonies were clearly more abundant by d10, indicating that OKMS initiated somatic reprogramming more robustly than OSKM (Fig ...
Mesoderm migration in Drosophila is a multi-step process
... Franzdottir et al., 2009). Rap1 has a demonstrated role in cell adhesion and migration in other systems (Huelsmann et al., 2006; Jeon et al., 2007; Boettner and Van Aelst, 2009). Rap1 regulates cell adhesion and migration, in part, through integrin activation (Reedquist et al., 2000; Kooistra et al. ...
... Franzdottir et al., 2009). Rap1 has a demonstrated role in cell adhesion and migration in other systems (Huelsmann et al., 2006; Jeon et al., 2007; Boettner and Van Aelst, 2009). Rap1 regulates cell adhesion and migration, in part, through integrin activation (Reedquist et al., 2000; Kooistra et al. ...
Microtubule associated protein END BINDING 1b: functional domain
... world’s food supply. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database, in 2011, the global human consumption of cultivated crop plants increased to an average of more than 80 g/capita/day of dietary energy, from an average of approximately 64 g/capita/day in 1981 (FA ...
... world’s food supply. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database, in 2011, the global human consumption of cultivated crop plants increased to an average of more than 80 g/capita/day of dietary energy, from an average of approximately 64 g/capita/day in 1981 (FA ...
Multiple Functions of Kip-Related Protein5
... various KRPs induces similar defects in plants, characterized by a stunted growth phenotype and serrated leaf. These defects are attributable to a decrease in cell proliferation as evidenced by reduced leaf cell number (Wang et al., 2000; Jasinski et al., 2002). However, KRPs may well play additiona ...
... various KRPs induces similar defects in plants, characterized by a stunted growth phenotype and serrated leaf. These defects are attributable to a decrease in cell proliferation as evidenced by reduced leaf cell number (Wang et al., 2000; Jasinski et al., 2002). However, KRPs may well play additiona ...
the 36th NPS abstract book
... focal delivery of fungal effectors. Biotrophic hyphae are tightly enveloped by an expanded host plasma membrane, which develops a specialized composition through the exclusion of some host proteins and specific targeting of others. Novel compartments called ‘interfacial bodies’ formed on the surface ...
... focal delivery of fungal effectors. Biotrophic hyphae are tightly enveloped by an expanded host plasma membrane, which develops a specialized composition through the exclusion of some host proteins and specific targeting of others. Novel compartments called ‘interfacial bodies’ formed on the surface ...
Cell size trade-offs govern light exploitation strategies in
... mg total protein increases with cell size (Fig. 1C). The ratio of the antenna pigment fucoxanthin per PsbA (Fig. 1D) decreases with cell size. The level of fucoxanthin per Chl a shows no significant change across the range of cell sizes (Table 2), while two forms of chl c show opposing trends (Table ...
... mg total protein increases with cell size (Fig. 1C). The ratio of the antenna pigment fucoxanthin per PsbA (Fig. 1D) decreases with cell size. The level of fucoxanthin per Chl a shows no significant change across the range of cell sizes (Table 2), while two forms of chl c show opposing trends (Table ...
PDF
... and salivary glands of the vector, the tsetse fly. Many basic biological processes like motility, energy metabolism and morphology have to be adapted during several developmental differentiation events in order to survive and proliferate in these different environments (reviewed in [2,3]). Trypanoso ...
... and salivary glands of the vector, the tsetse fly. Many basic biological processes like motility, energy metabolism and morphology have to be adapted during several developmental differentiation events in order to survive and proliferate in these different environments (reviewed in [2,3]). Trypanoso ...
Serial endosymbiosis or singular event at the origin of eukaryotes?
... ancestor—we may ask: how many homologous base pair sequences in DNA do they share? The number of mutational steps which occurred to produce one from the other is related to the number of generations elapsed since the two populations diverged” (Sagan, 1967 p. 249). On the other hand, her estimates of ...
... ancestor—we may ask: how many homologous base pair sequences in DNA do they share? The number of mutational steps which occurred to produce one from the other is related to the number of generations elapsed since the two populations diverged” (Sagan, 1967 p. 249). On the other hand, her estimates of ...
LY-294002-inhibitable PI 3-kinase and regulation of baseline rates
... the phosphorylation of the inositol head group of phosphoinositides at the D-3 position (7), generating lipids involved in receptor-mediated signal transduction pathways and membrane trafficking (39). The catalytic activity of PI 3-kinases can be inhibited both in vitro and in vivo by two structural ...
... the phosphorylation of the inositol head group of phosphoinositides at the D-3 position (7), generating lipids involved in receptor-mediated signal transduction pathways and membrane trafficking (39). The catalytic activity of PI 3-kinases can be inhibited both in vitro and in vivo by two structural ...
Mobile Factories: Golgi dynamics in plant cells
... A large-scale search of plant EST sequences for components of the ER-Golgi transport machinery uncovered a number of expressed genes that show significant similarity to their animal or yeast counterparts8. The high sequence similarity of the encoded proteins suggests that the plant homologues perfor ...
... A large-scale search of plant EST sequences for components of the ER-Golgi transport machinery uncovered a number of expressed genes that show significant similarity to their animal or yeast counterparts8. The high sequence similarity of the encoded proteins suggests that the plant homologues perfor ...
Role of Integration Host Factor in the Transcriptional Activation of
... determined by PCR (data not shown). Complementation tests were performed by transducing either the wild-type allele into the ⌬ihfB strain or transducing the deleted ihfB allele into wild-type cells. In order to accomplish this, the gene directly adjacent to ihfB, mscL (CC3585), was amplified by PCR ...
... determined by PCR (data not shown). Complementation tests were performed by transducing either the wild-type allele into the ⌬ihfB strain or transducing the deleted ihfB allele into wild-type cells. In order to accomplish this, the gene directly adjacent to ihfB, mscL (CC3585), was amplified by PCR ...
Full-Text PDF
... The interpretation of initial circular dichroic studies on the peptide diluted in pure water led to conclude that LL-37 adopted a random conformation in aqueous solution. It became rapidly obvious that the peptide could structure itself either in the presence of the salts found in physiological flui ...
... The interpretation of initial circular dichroic studies on the peptide diluted in pure water led to conclude that LL-37 adopted a random conformation in aqueous solution. It became rapidly obvious that the peptide could structure itself either in the presence of the salts found in physiological flui ...
Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-like Protein Mediates Necrosis
... knockout mice. This indicates that the cardiac, vascular, and hematopoietic defects that occur during the development of caspase-8 knockout mice are caused by RIP3-mediated necrosis, unleashed by disrupting caspase-8 expression (Kaiser et al., 2011; Oberst et al., 2011). During viral infection, a la ...
... knockout mice. This indicates that the cardiac, vascular, and hematopoietic defects that occur during the development of caspase-8 knockout mice are caused by RIP3-mediated necrosis, unleashed by disrupting caspase-8 expression (Kaiser et al., 2011; Oberst et al., 2011). During viral infection, a la ...
Full Text - The International Journal of Developmental Biology
... the inductive signals that specify micromeres along the animalvegetal or dorso-ventral axes (Verdonk and van den Biggelaar, 1983). Asymmetric partitioning of cell autonomous determinants, which either promote or inhibit mesodermal specification, might also control the restriction of ectomesoderm fat ...
... the inductive signals that specify micromeres along the animalvegetal or dorso-ventral axes (Verdonk and van den Biggelaar, 1983). Asymmetric partitioning of cell autonomous determinants, which either promote or inhibit mesodermal specification, might also control the restriction of ectomesoderm fat ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.