Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1
... (Colanzi et al., 2000), another explanation is that MEK1 facilitates, but is not required for, Golgi disassembly (Jesch et al., 2001a; Puthenveedu and Linstedt, 2001b). Results in the permeabilized cell assays are most consistent with MEK1 triggering Golgi unlinking and CDK1 triggering Golgi vesicul ...
... (Colanzi et al., 2000), another explanation is that MEK1 facilitates, but is not required for, Golgi disassembly (Jesch et al., 2001a; Puthenveedu and Linstedt, 2001b). Results in the permeabilized cell assays are most consistent with MEK1 triggering Golgi unlinking and CDK1 triggering Golgi vesicul ...
Out of the Mouths of Plants: The Molecular Basis of the Evolution
... opposite the site of the most recent asymmetric division, which appears to be BASL’s main site of activity (Dong et al., 2009) (Figure 3). The ectopic overexpression of BASL confers abnormal cell polarization. Interestingly, the loss of asymmetry in a basl mutant resulted in adoption of the stomatal ...
... opposite the site of the most recent asymmetric division, which appears to be BASL’s main site of activity (Dong et al., 2009) (Figure 3). The ectopic overexpression of BASL confers abnormal cell polarization. Interestingly, the loss of asymmetry in a basl mutant resulted in adoption of the stomatal ...
Identification of genes controlling germ cell migration and embryonic
... Cuticle preparations were made of all potential mutant lines in a manner similar to that described by Nüsslein-Volhard et al. (1984), with the following modifications: Embryos were collected on apple juice-agar plates for 12 hours and allowed to age for 24 hours at 25°C. Unhatched eggs were collecte ...
... Cuticle preparations were made of all potential mutant lines in a manner similar to that described by Nüsslein-Volhard et al. (1984), with the following modifications: Embryos were collected on apple juice-agar plates for 12 hours and allowed to age for 24 hours at 25°C. Unhatched eggs were collecte ...
Pericentriolar material structure and dynamics
... Figure 2. Factors regulating PCM growth and final size. (a) Inhibition of PLK-1 kinase activity with the small molecule BI2436 reduces the incorporation of PCNT at centrosomes. Interestingly, inhibition of PLK-1 did not affect PCNT localization to the interphase centrosome. (Adapted from [42].) (b) ...
... Figure 2. Factors regulating PCM growth and final size. (a) Inhibition of PLK-1 kinase activity with the small molecule BI2436 reduces the incorporation of PCNT at centrosomes. Interestingly, inhibition of PLK-1 did not affect PCNT localization to the interphase centrosome. (Adapted from [42].) (b) ...
New insights into root gravitropic signalling
... the finding that acidifying or alkalinizing agents can alter the gravitropic response. Also agravitropic arg1 mutants have a defect in the pH changes following gravity perception (Boonsirichai et al., 2003). Much research and speculations have focused on how a physical signal (statolith sedimentatio ...
... the finding that acidifying or alkalinizing agents can alter the gravitropic response. Also agravitropic arg1 mutants have a defect in the pH changes following gravity perception (Boonsirichai et al., 2003). Much research and speculations have focused on how a physical signal (statolith sedimentatio ...
Permeability properties of lysosomal membranes
... compared with that in lysosomes from normal patients. The lysosomes were loaded with cystine using the mixed disulphide of cysteine and glutathione or using cystine methyl ester. Despite an initial report to t h e c o n t r a r y (Steinhertz et a l , 1982), the efflux of cystine was c o n s i d e r ...
... compared with that in lysosomes from normal patients. The lysosomes were loaded with cystine using the mixed disulphide of cysteine and glutathione or using cystine methyl ester. Despite an initial report to t h e c o n t r a r y (Steinhertz et a l , 1982), the efflux of cystine was c o n s i d e r ...
Chapter 4 - A Tour of the Cell 08-09
... parts it needs to survive and reproduce The maximum size of a cell is limited by the amount of surface needed to obtain nutrients from the environment and dispose of wastes. • The ratio of surface are to volume imposes limits on cell size • Muscle and nerve cells can be very long because they are th ...
... parts it needs to survive and reproduce The maximum size of a cell is limited by the amount of surface needed to obtain nutrients from the environment and dispose of wastes. • The ratio of surface are to volume imposes limits on cell size • Muscle and nerve cells can be very long because they are th ...
Sample pages 1 PDF
... of current that flows through an open channel at any given voltage, (b) their open probability, which determines how many channels are active at any given voltage and (c) their selectivity, which determines the relative flux of different ions through an open channel. The specific properties of ion c ...
... of current that flows through an open channel at any given voltage, (b) their open probability, which determines how many channels are active at any given voltage and (c) their selectivity, which determines the relative flux of different ions through an open channel. The specific properties of ion c ...
The Neurosecretory Neuron in Neuroendocrine
... the sinus gland of crustaceans. Furthermore, such neurosecretory systems commonly show an intimate relationship between the neurohemal organ and a nonneural endocrine structure (adenohypophysis of vertebrates, corpus allatum of insects). The compact spatial arrangement of neurosecretory terminals in ...
... the sinus gland of crustaceans. Furthermore, such neurosecretory systems commonly show an intimate relationship between the neurohemal organ and a nonneural endocrine structure (adenohypophysis of vertebrates, corpus allatum of insects). The compact spatial arrangement of neurosecretory terminals in ...
Physiological implications of the regulation of vacuolar
... the postulated importance of ClC-5 in endosomal acidification essential for protein reabsorption. The alterations observed in Dent’s disease are not restricted to endosomal function. Recently, Moulin and colleagues (37) examined renal biopsy specimens from patients with Dent’s disease and consistent ...
... the postulated importance of ClC-5 in endosomal acidification essential for protein reabsorption. The alterations observed in Dent’s disease are not restricted to endosomal function. Recently, Moulin and colleagues (37) examined renal biopsy specimens from patients with Dent’s disease and consistent ...
Dispersal of Golgi matrix proteins during mitotic Golgi
... Journal of Cell Science 117, 451-456 Published by The Company of Biologists 2004 doi:10.1242/jcs.00863 ...
... Journal of Cell Science 117, 451-456 Published by The Company of Biologists 2004 doi:10.1242/jcs.00863 ...
View Full Page PDF - Physiological Reviews
... ligand for cell adhesion, i.e., intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and another for chemotaxis, i.e., regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) chemokine, each of which depends on the level of gene expression for function. Accordingly, section II, C and D, proce ...
... ligand for cell adhesion, i.e., intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and another for chemotaxis, i.e., regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) chemokine, each of which depends on the level of gene expression for function. Accordingly, section II, C and D, proce ...
AURORA KINASES: STRUCTURE, FUNCTIONS AND THEIR
... prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase) and the end of mitosis, two daughter cells are formed from one parent cell by cytokinesis. In brief, prophase begins after the transition from G2 to mitosis and chromosome condensation and disassembly of the nuclear envelope are key events. Attachment ...
... prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase) and the end of mitosis, two daughter cells are formed from one parent cell by cytokinesis. In brief, prophase begins after the transition from G2 to mitosis and chromosome condensation and disassembly of the nuclear envelope are key events. Attachment ...
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... large spherical structures labeled by green fluorescent protein tagged with PTS (GFP-PTS), a widely used peroxisomal matrix marker. In contrast, the wild-type cells had small GFP-PTS puncta. Cloning of mutant genes that code for the lon2 suppressors resulted in the identification of several alleles of ...
... large spherical structures labeled by green fluorescent protein tagged with PTS (GFP-PTS), a widely used peroxisomal matrix marker. In contrast, the wild-type cells had small GFP-PTS puncta. Cloning of mutant genes that code for the lon2 suppressors resulted in the identification of several alleles of ...
Analysis of p75NTR-dependent apoptotic
... factor that enabled dorsal root ganglia to survive during a "critical phase" in which they normally underwent massive and rapid cell death. Initial discoveries by Rita LeviMontalcini, Stanley Cohen and Victor Hamburger led to the neurotrophic hypothesis, ...
... factor that enabled dorsal root ganglia to survive during a "critical phase" in which they normally underwent massive and rapid cell death. Initial discoveries by Rita LeviMontalcini, Stanley Cohen and Victor Hamburger led to the neurotrophic hypothesis, ...
Plastid Ontogeny during Petal Development in Arabidopsis
... 1997). Plastid differentiation during petal development has been studied with only a few species, primarily those with yellow petals: Tropaeolum majus (Falk, 1976; Winkenbach et al., 1976), Ranunculus sp. (Brett and Sommerard, 1986), and Caltha palustris (Whatley, 1984). Studies of the yellow coroll ...
... 1997). Plastid differentiation during petal development has been studied with only a few species, primarily those with yellow petals: Tropaeolum majus (Falk, 1976; Winkenbach et al., 1976), Ranunculus sp. (Brett and Sommerard, 1986), and Caltha palustris (Whatley, 1984). Studies of the yellow coroll ...
Get PDF file - Botanik in Bonn
... actin, pro®lin and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and the possible involvement of pro®lin in the regulation of actin-dependent processes in tipgrowing plant cells. Cytochalasin D was used to interfere with the actin cytoskeleton and mastoparan to interfer with the possible PIP2-regulat ...
... actin, pro®lin and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and the possible involvement of pro®lin in the regulation of actin-dependent processes in tipgrowing plant cells. Cytochalasin D was used to interfere with the actin cytoskeleton and mastoparan to interfer with the possible PIP2-regulat ...
Apoptotic cell clearance: basic biology and therapeutic potential
... For example, in inflamed adipose tissue, dying adipocytes seem to be engulfed by multiple macrophages that form ‘crown-like structures’ around a single adipocyte and ingest smaller fragments of the dying cell6. This has also been observed during the clearance of dying cells by fibroblasts in the abs ...
... For example, in inflamed adipose tissue, dying adipocytes seem to be engulfed by multiple macrophages that form ‘crown-like structures’ around a single adipocyte and ingest smaller fragments of the dying cell6. This has also been observed during the clearance of dying cells by fibroblasts in the abs ...
Role for Adenosine Triphosphate in Regulating the Assembly and
... Labeling of Ceils. Cells were maintained, infected with VSV, and labeled with [35S]methionine as previously described in detail (Balch et al., 1986). Briefly, confluent monolayers of 15B cells were infected with either wildtype or ts045 VSV. After 45 min at 32~ the cells were placed in a 37"C (wild ...
... Labeling of Ceils. Cells were maintained, infected with VSV, and labeled with [35S]methionine as previously described in detail (Balch et al., 1986). Briefly, confluent monolayers of 15B cells were infected with either wildtype or ts045 VSV. After 45 min at 32~ the cells were placed in a 37"C (wild ...
Infusion of a biotinylated bis-glucose photolabel
... mice have provided important insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating the physiological response of the heart to ischemia, pressure overload, and diabetes (1). Although many techniques have been adapted to study mouse cardiac physiology (15) and metabolism (4, 35), the quantification of cel ...
... mice have provided important insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating the physiological response of the heart to ischemia, pressure overload, and diabetes (1). Although many techniques have been adapted to study mouse cardiac physiology (15) and metabolism (4, 35), the quantification of cel ...
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... al., 2007; Georgiadis et al., 2007). Given the striking similarities between the cellular events that underpin myoblast fusion in vertebrates and invertebrates (Knudsen and Horwitz, 1977; Knudsen and Horwitz, 1978; Wakelam, 1985; Doberstein et al., 1997), there is surprisingly little, if any, overla ...
... al., 2007; Georgiadis et al., 2007). Given the striking similarities between the cellular events that underpin myoblast fusion in vertebrates and invertebrates (Knudsen and Horwitz, 1977; Knudsen and Horwitz, 1978; Wakelam, 1985; Doberstein et al., 1997), there is surprisingly little, if any, overla ...
Fig. 1 - The Journal of Cell Biology
... Noncommercial–Share Alike–No Mirror Sites license for the first six months after the publication date (see http://www.rupress.org/terms/). After six months it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 4.0 International license, as described at https:/ ...
... Noncommercial–Share Alike–No Mirror Sites license for the first six months after the publication date (see http://www.rupress.org/terms/). After six months it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 4.0 International license, as described at https:/ ...
Complex networks orchestrate epithelial–mesenchymal transitions
... by recent studies that show the complex regulation of SNAI1 stability, subcellular localization and function through different phosphorylation events. The activity of glycogen-synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) is inhibited by the AKT/PKB (protein kinase B), Wnt and Hedgehog pathways, each of which regulate ...
... by recent studies that show the complex regulation of SNAI1 stability, subcellular localization and function through different phosphorylation events. The activity of glycogen-synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) is inhibited by the AKT/PKB (protein kinase B), Wnt and Hedgehog pathways, each of which regulate ...
Cellular Biology - Circulation Research
... Rationale: Polyploidy and multinucleation are characteristic features of mammalian cardiomyocytes, which develop shortly after birth when most differentiated cardiomyocytes become acytokinetic. Cardiac overload and hypertrophy further increase the degree of polyploidy of cardiomyocytes, suggesting a ...
... Rationale: Polyploidy and multinucleation are characteristic features of mammalian cardiomyocytes, which develop shortly after birth when most differentiated cardiomyocytes become acytokinetic. Cardiac overload and hypertrophy further increase the degree of polyploidy of cardiomyocytes, suggesting a ...
Dynamics of interactions of photosensitizers with lipoproteins and
... The incorporation and subcellular localization of photosensitizers are critical determinants of their efficiency. Here, we correlate these properties with the interactions of photosensitizers with membrane-models and low density lipoproteins (LDL) in acellular systems. Focus was given on dynamics as ...
... The incorporation and subcellular localization of photosensitizers are critical determinants of their efficiency. Here, we correlate these properties with the interactions of photosensitizers with membrane-models and low density lipoproteins (LDL) in acellular systems. Focus was given on dynamics as ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.