Human CHMP6, a myristoylated ESCRT-III protein, interacts directly
... their mRNA expression levels and strength of interactions in vitro using their recombinant fusion proteins [20]. In the present study, to gain more insights into functions of ESCRT-III components in mammalian MVB sorting, we focused on CHMP6, assuming that it functions as a key component of ESCRT-II ...
... their mRNA expression levels and strength of interactions in vitro using their recombinant fusion proteins [20]. In the present study, to gain more insights into functions of ESCRT-III components in mammalian MVB sorting, we focused on CHMP6, assuming that it functions as a key component of ESCRT-II ...
Identification and Characterization of Genes Required for Cell
... Based on morphological criteria, the process of hyphal cell fusion can be roughly divided into three stages (17), beginning with a stage in which the tips of two fusion hyphae grow toward each other. Chemotrophic interactions have been shown to direct the growth from the tips of the two fusion hypha ...
... Based on morphological criteria, the process of hyphal cell fusion can be roughly divided into three stages (17), beginning with a stage in which the tips of two fusion hyphae grow toward each other. Chemotrophic interactions have been shown to direct the growth from the tips of the two fusion hypha ...
Meiosis I
... diploid number of 46 chromosomes per cell. Why are the two species so dissimilar? (a) Privet chromosomes undergo only mitosis. (b) Privet chromosomes are shaped differently. (c) Human chromosomes have genes grouped ...
... diploid number of 46 chromosomes per cell. Why are the two species so dissimilar? (a) Privet chromosomes undergo only mitosis. (b) Privet chromosomes are shaped differently. (c) Human chromosomes have genes grouped ...
Signal Perception and Transduction: The Origin of
... Although this model may be accurate for many receptors, it does not satisfactorily explain phytochrome signal transduction. Although at one time phytochrome was thought to possess protein kinase activity, this is no longer the case. Instead, a close association between a distinct protein kinase and ...
... Although this model may be accurate for many receptors, it does not satisfactorily explain phytochrome signal transduction. Although at one time phytochrome was thought to possess protein kinase activity, this is no longer the case. Instead, a close association between a distinct protein kinase and ...
A Cytochemical Study of the Stem Cell Concept in Specimens o£ a
... TEXT-FIG. 1. The frequency distributions of the relative amounts of DNA in the interphase nuclei o[ five tumor specimens (A to E) compared with the distribution of the diploid DNA values of interphase ]ymphocytes. Each tumor specimen (Specimens A to E) is shown individually with the DNA distribution ...
... TEXT-FIG. 1. The frequency distributions of the relative amounts of DNA in the interphase nuclei o[ five tumor specimens (A to E) compared with the distribution of the diploid DNA values of interphase ]ymphocytes. Each tumor specimen (Specimens A to E) is shown individually with the DNA distribution ...
A genome-wide resource of cell cycle and cell shape genes of
... Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment of biological processes and cellular components for these 14 phenotype categories is shown in tables 2 –4 (see the electronic supplementary material 1, table S6a–n and table S7a–n for the complete results). There are 643/4843 genes with no GO process annotation. Of ...
... Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment of biological processes and cellular components for these 14 phenotype categories is shown in tables 2 –4 (see the electronic supplementary material 1, table S6a–n and table S7a–n for the complete results). There are 643/4843 genes with no GO process annotation. Of ...
PDF - Oxford Academic
... Similarly, in plants, the RBR protein functions are controlled by phosphorylation and protein–protein interactions (reviewed by Gutierrez, 1998; Durfee et al., 2000). Like human pRB proteins, plant RBR proteins are composed of an N-terminal region, A and B domains in the pocket region, and a C-termi ...
... Similarly, in plants, the RBR protein functions are controlled by phosphorylation and protein–protein interactions (reviewed by Gutierrez, 1998; Durfee et al., 2000). Like human pRB proteins, plant RBR proteins are composed of an N-terminal region, A and B domains in the pocket region, and a C-termi ...
Characterization of uncultured giant rod-shaped
... often obscured by the large opaque granules (Fig. 3a). The cells contained at least 300 crystals, but the exact number could not be determined because they were hidden by the granules. The mean length of the crystals was 54.6±4.8 nm (n5300) and they had a mean shape factor (the short axis divided by ...
... often obscured by the large opaque granules (Fig. 3a). The cells contained at least 300 crystals, but the exact number could not be determined because they were hidden by the granules. The mean length of the crystals was 54.6±4.8 nm (n5300) and they had a mean shape factor (the short axis divided by ...
Apoptotic cell removal
... concept in that many of these recognition processes are thought to be low affinity, high avidity systems whose effectiveness is markedly enhanced by local aggregation. In mammals, phosphatidylserine expression on the apoptotic cell membrane appears to be a critical element for recognition or uptake, ...
... concept in that many of these recognition processes are thought to be low affinity, high avidity systems whose effectiveness is markedly enhanced by local aggregation. In mammals, phosphatidylserine expression on the apoptotic cell membrane appears to be a critical element for recognition or uptake, ...
Pseudolaric Acid B Induced Cell Cycle Arrest, Au
... MTT test. L929 cells (1.0×104 cells/well) were seeded into 96-well culture plates (Nunc, Roskilde, Denmark). After 24 h incubation, different concentration of PAB was added to the plates. Following incubation, cell growth was measured at different time points by addition of 20 µL 3-(4,5-dimethylthia ...
... MTT test. L929 cells (1.0×104 cells/well) were seeded into 96-well culture plates (Nunc, Roskilde, Denmark). After 24 h incubation, different concentration of PAB was added to the plates. Following incubation, cell growth was measured at different time points by addition of 20 µL 3-(4,5-dimethylthia ...
The Bacterial Nucleoid
... It is based on a contribution to the symposium on ‘Relations between Structure and Function in the Prokaryotic Cell’ at the Annual Meeting of the Society for General Microbiology in April 1978, but was not published in the Symposium Volume. One of the main features that distinguishes a prokaryotic c ...
... It is based on a contribution to the symposium on ‘Relations between Structure and Function in the Prokaryotic Cell’ at the Annual Meeting of the Society for General Microbiology in April 1978, but was not published in the Symposium Volume. One of the main features that distinguishes a prokaryotic c ...
Regulation of human embryonic stem cell differentiation by BMP
... BMP-2 treatment of human ES cell cultures grown in medium containing fetal calf serum in the presence of a feeder cell layer induced differentiation into flat, squamous epithelial cells (Fig. 1A, control; B, treated cells); these cells sometimes formed fluid-filled cysts within the culture dish. The ...
... BMP-2 treatment of human ES cell cultures grown in medium containing fetal calf serum in the presence of a feeder cell layer induced differentiation into flat, squamous epithelial cells (Fig. 1A, control; B, treated cells); these cells sometimes formed fluid-filled cysts within the culture dish. The ...
MicroHypothesis From pre-cells to Eukarya – a tale of
... adenylate kinase; Map, methionine aminopeptidase; IF-1, initiation factor; Cmk, cytidylate kinase. ...
... adenylate kinase; Map, methionine aminopeptidase; IF-1, initiation factor; Cmk, cytidylate kinase. ...
... One of the prerequisites for the success of primary health care is the availability and use of suitable drugs. Plants have always been a common source of medicaments, either in the form of traditional preparations or as pure active principles. It is thus reasonable for decision-makers to identify lo ...
Oligosaccharide signalling for defense responses in plant
... Receptor for chitin oligosaccharide elicitor A single class of high-anity binding site for chitin oligosaccharide elicitor was detected in the microsomal/ plasma membrane preparation from suspension-cultured rice cells [87, 88], tomato cells [4] and soybean root and cultured cells [22] by using rad ...
... Receptor for chitin oligosaccharide elicitor A single class of high-anity binding site for chitin oligosaccharide elicitor was detected in the microsomal/ plasma membrane preparation from suspension-cultured rice cells [87, 88], tomato cells [4] and soybean root and cultured cells [22] by using rad ...
Le Van Kim and Wassim El Nemer Grandis, Yves - Labex GR-Ex
... the activation of the protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway (5, 12, 13). Whereas LW/ICAM-4 is an erythroid-specific protein, Lu/BCAM exhibits a broad expression pattern (14, 15). Lu/BCAM is expressed on resting endothelial cells where it contributes to abnormal SS reticulocyte adhesion by interac ...
... the activation of the protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway (5, 12, 13). Whereas LW/ICAM-4 is an erythroid-specific protein, Lu/BCAM exhibits a broad expression pattern (14, 15). Lu/BCAM is expressed on resting endothelial cells where it contributes to abnormal SS reticulocyte adhesion by interac ...
Vesicles: Equal in Neurotransmitter Concentration but Not in Volume
... (see figure, panel B). By increasing the amount of transmitter accumulated in the presence of a relatively fixed leak, increased transporter expression alters the equilibrium ultimately reached, not simply the rate at which it is achieved. Third, vesicles may sense filling with transmitter and shut ...
... (see figure, panel B). By increasing the amount of transmitter accumulated in the presence of a relatively fixed leak, increased transporter expression alters the equilibrium ultimately reached, not simply the rate at which it is achieved. Third, vesicles may sense filling with transmitter and shut ...
Interaction of Antiparallel Microtubules in the
... vesicles began to accumulate at the division site, long MTs were frequently detected in the phragmoplast formed between two reforming daughter nuclei (Figure 1A). Although many MTs were terminated in regions where vesicles accumulated, others crossed the midline and overlapped (Figures 1A and 1B). S ...
... vesicles began to accumulate at the division site, long MTs were frequently detected in the phragmoplast formed between two reforming daughter nuclei (Figure 1A). Although many MTs were terminated in regions where vesicles accumulated, others crossed the midline and overlapped (Figures 1A and 1B). S ...
Analysis of tissue flow patterns during primitive streak formation in
... initially sickle-shaped group of cells transforms into the streak by rearrangement of the cells along the midline of the embryo. Recent insights into the mechanisms controlling streak induction include the observations that misexpression of the TGF-h family member Vg1, which normally expresses in th ...
... initially sickle-shaped group of cells transforms into the streak by rearrangement of the cells along the midline of the embryo. Recent insights into the mechanisms controlling streak induction include the observations that misexpression of the TGF-h family member Vg1, which normally expresses in th ...
Rapid Movement of Microtubules in Axons
... microtubules were also somewhat shorter and more uniform in length than the moving neurofilaments. For example, the average neurofilament length in our most recent study was 4.5 m (range ⫽ 0.7–15.8 m, n ⫽ 64) [20], whereas the average microtubule length in the present study was 2.7 m (range ⫽ 1.1 ...
... microtubules were also somewhat shorter and more uniform in length than the moving neurofilaments. For example, the average neurofilament length in our most recent study was 4.5 m (range ⫽ 0.7–15.8 m, n ⫽ 64) [20], whereas the average microtubule length in the present study was 2.7 m (range ⫽ 1.1 ...
how proteins move lipids and lipids move proteins
... stability and a strong tendency to form closed structures. At the same time, lipids allow a snug fit of membrane-spanning proteins within the membrane, and ensure sufficient flexibility for vesicle budding and membrane fusion. Bilayers made of the prototype membrane phospholipid phosphatidylcholine ...
... stability and a strong tendency to form closed structures. At the same time, lipids allow a snug fit of membrane-spanning proteins within the membrane, and ensure sufficient flexibility for vesicle budding and membrane fusion. Bilayers made of the prototype membrane phospholipid phosphatidylcholine ...
Organization of Yeast Communities Cell Signals, Cell
... structure. In the first of these, the pattern of expression of a green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion gene within colonies was monitored using two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy (59). By this method, fusion gene expression in up to 10 to 20 cell widths can be visualized inside the colon ...
... structure. In the first of these, the pattern of expression of a green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion gene within colonies was monitored using two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy (59). By this method, fusion gene expression in up to 10 to 20 cell widths can be visualized inside the colon ...
Cell Cycle-specific Effects of Tumor Necrosis
... (telophase) or soon after cytokinesis. Sensitivity of cells to the lytic effect of TNF is increased by cell arrest in mitosis with Colcemid or vinblastine. TNF exerts little effect on rates of cell progression through G1 or S phases of the cell cycle, although few cells die during S phase. Nonlysed ...
... (telophase) or soon after cytokinesis. Sensitivity of cells to the lytic effect of TNF is increased by cell arrest in mitosis with Colcemid or vinblastine. TNF exerts little effect on rates of cell progression through G1 or S phases of the cell cycle, although few cells die during S phase. Nonlysed ...
A Role for Mitochondria in the Establishment and
... Embedded in all angiosperm root apices is a population of slowly dividing cells that together form a region known as the quiescent center (QC). Depending on the species, the QC varies in size from four cells in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to upward of 1,000 cells in the root apex of maize (Ze ...
... Embedded in all angiosperm root apices is a population of slowly dividing cells that together form a region known as the quiescent center (QC). Depending on the species, the QC varies in size from four cells in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to upward of 1,000 cells in the root apex of maize (Ze ...
Membrane voltage initiates Ca2 waves and potentiates Ca2
... and thereafter propagating over 5–10 s to the cell center (c and d) near the nucleus (identified under bright field, not shown). The elevated [Ca21]i dissipated throughout the cell once the membrane voltage was returned to 250 mV (Fig. 4e). The traces of [Ca21]i in Fig. 4 (Lower) confirm the centrip ...
... and thereafter propagating over 5–10 s to the cell center (c and d) near the nucleus (identified under bright field, not shown). The elevated [Ca21]i dissipated throughout the cell once the membrane voltage was returned to 250 mV (Fig. 4e). The traces of [Ca21]i in Fig. 4 (Lower) confirm the centrip ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.