Male Germ Line Development in Arabidopsis
... cells in duo2 enter PMII but arrest at prometaphase. In wild-type plants, generative and sperm nuclei enter S phase soon after inception, implying that male gametic cells follow a simple S to M cycle. Mutant generative nuclei in duo1 complete DNA synthesis but bypass PMII and enter an endocycle duri ...
... cells in duo2 enter PMII but arrest at prometaphase. In wild-type plants, generative and sperm nuclei enter S phase soon after inception, implying that male gametic cells follow a simple S to M cycle. Mutant generative nuclei in duo1 complete DNA synthesis but bypass PMII and enter an endocycle duri ...
in PDF format
... ochrophytes, but some colorless heterotrophic forms also occur. In the pigmented forms, dominant accessory and photoprotective pigments may include chlorophyll c andcarotenoids such as fucoxanthin or vaucheriaxanthin. The food reserve is cytoplasmic lipid droplets and/or a soluble carbohydrate-the β ...
... ochrophytes, but some colorless heterotrophic forms also occur. In the pigmented forms, dominant accessory and photoprotective pigments may include chlorophyll c andcarotenoids such as fucoxanthin or vaucheriaxanthin. The food reserve is cytoplasmic lipid droplets and/or a soluble carbohydrate-the β ...
How and why does β-actin mRNA target?
... (Edmonds et al., 1996), and in fibroblasts (Bassell et al., 1994). The EF1α implicated in β-actin binding and bundling (Yang et al., 1990; Edmonds et al., 1995) is the translationally competent form of EF1α based on enzymic activity in vitro (Yang et al., 1993). EF1α associates with actin filaments ...
... (Edmonds et al., 1996), and in fibroblasts (Bassell et al., 1994). The EF1α implicated in β-actin binding and bundling (Yang et al., 1990; Edmonds et al., 1995) is the translationally competent form of EF1α based on enzymic activity in vitro (Yang et al., 1993). EF1α associates with actin filaments ...
Integrin modulation of signaling to transcription factors
... Tournier et al., 1997). A variety of activators of MKK4 and MKK7 have been described, including MAP/ERK kinase kinases (MEKKs) 1-4, members of the mixed-lineage kinase family and the apoptosis-stimulated kinases (reviewed by Davis, 2000; Garrington and Johnson, 1999). Activated JNK translocates to t ...
... Tournier et al., 1997). A variety of activators of MKK4 and MKK7 have been described, including MAP/ERK kinase kinases (MEKKs) 1-4, members of the mixed-lineage kinase family and the apoptosis-stimulated kinases (reviewed by Davis, 2000; Garrington and Johnson, 1999). Activated JNK translocates to t ...
bioactive peptides as signal molecules in plant defense, growth, and
... well. The biosynthesis of these peptides, their biological activity, as well as the structural requirements for bioactivity and signal perception will be the first focus of the following discussion. The endogenous bioactive peptides thus far identified are likely to represent only the tip of the ice ...
... well. The biosynthesis of these peptides, their biological activity, as well as the structural requirements for bioactivity and signal perception will be the first focus of the following discussion. The endogenous bioactive peptides thus far identified are likely to represent only the tip of the ice ...
Chapter 9
... • During meiosis I, the homologous chromosomes pair up in synapsis to form a tetrad (sister chromatids of two homologous chromosomes). • Later in meiosis I, the homologous pairs separate to provide one member of each homologous pair to each daughter cell. • After meiosis I, the daughter cells have h ...
... • During meiosis I, the homologous chromosomes pair up in synapsis to form a tetrad (sister chromatids of two homologous chromosomes). • Later in meiosis I, the homologous pairs separate to provide one member of each homologous pair to each daughter cell. • After meiosis I, the daughter cells have h ...
Essentials of Biology Sylvia S. Mader - McGraw-Hill
... • During meiosis I, the homologous chromosomes pair up in synapsis to form a tetrad (sister chromatids of two homologous chromosomes). • Later in meiosis I, the homologous pairs separate to provide one member of each homologous pair to each daughter cell. • After meiosis I, the daughter cells have h ...
... • During meiosis I, the homologous chromosomes pair up in synapsis to form a tetrad (sister chromatids of two homologous chromosomes). • Later in meiosis I, the homologous pairs separate to provide one member of each homologous pair to each daughter cell. • After meiosis I, the daughter cells have h ...
The Aromatic-L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase Inhibitor Carbidopa Is
... Oncology, Division of Developmental Oncology Research, Guggenheim 13, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, 200 First Street S.W., Rochester, MN 55905. Phone: (507) 284-2424; Fax: (507) 284-3906. ...
... Oncology, Division of Developmental Oncology Research, Guggenheim 13, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, 200 First Street S.W., Rochester, MN 55905. Phone: (507) 284-2424; Fax: (507) 284-3906. ...
Possible new intranuclear symbionts of Paramecium caudatum
... and/or internal factors. As it was seen with electron microscope, these structures don’t have ultrastructure features characteristic for so-called R-bodies of Caedibacter (Preer et al.,1966; Pond et al., 1989). There is some correlation between the presence of these structures and different variants ...
... and/or internal factors. As it was seen with electron microscope, these structures don’t have ultrastructure features characteristic for so-called R-bodies of Caedibacter (Preer et al.,1966; Pond et al., 1989). There is some correlation between the presence of these structures and different variants ...
Male Germ Line Development in Arabidopsis
... cells in duo2 enter PMII but arrest at prometaphase. In wild-type plants, generative and sperm nuclei enter S phase soon after inception, implying that male gametic cells follow a simple S to M cycle. Mutant generative nuclei in duo1 complete DNA synthesis but bypass PMII and enter an endocycle duri ...
... cells in duo2 enter PMII but arrest at prometaphase. In wild-type plants, generative and sperm nuclei enter S phase soon after inception, implying that male gametic cells follow a simple S to M cycle. Mutant generative nuclei in duo1 complete DNA synthesis but bypass PMII and enter an endocycle duri ...
NUCLEAR PROTEIN KINASE ACTIVITIES DURING THE CELL
... been studied during the eukaryotic cell cycle. At the level of resolution provided by one-dimensional gel electrophoresis the complement of nonhistone chromosomal proteins does not vary [14--16]. However, cell cycle stage-specific variations have been observed in the rates of synthesis, turnover and ...
... been studied during the eukaryotic cell cycle. At the level of resolution provided by one-dimensional gel electrophoresis the complement of nonhistone chromosomal proteins does not vary [14--16]. However, cell cycle stage-specific variations have been observed in the rates of synthesis, turnover and ...
Scalable Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Production
... spectrum of diseases (Aucoin et al., 2008). AAV is a dependovirus whose full life cycle is complemented by a helper virus, most often adenovirus or herpes simplex virus (Muzyczka and Berns, 2001). In addition, AAV wild-type infections lack pathological effects, conferring an added measure of safety ...
... spectrum of diseases (Aucoin et al., 2008). AAV is a dependovirus whose full life cycle is complemented by a helper virus, most often adenovirus or herpes simplex virus (Muzyczka and Berns, 2001). In addition, AAV wild-type infections lack pathological effects, conferring an added measure of safety ...
Role of cholesterol in SNARE-mediated trafficking on intracellular
... Box 1. Cholesterol-binding motifs in proteins The CRAC (cholesterol recognition/interaction amino acid consensus) represents the best-characterized cholesterol-binding motif (Fantini and Barrantes, 2013; Li and Papadopoulos, 1998) and conforms to the pattern: L/V-X1–5-Y-X1–5-R/K (Fig. 2). Despite so ...
... Box 1. Cholesterol-binding motifs in proteins The CRAC (cholesterol recognition/interaction amino acid consensus) represents the best-characterized cholesterol-binding motif (Fantini and Barrantes, 2013; Li and Papadopoulos, 1998) and conforms to the pattern: L/V-X1–5-Y-X1–5-R/K (Fig. 2). Despite so ...
Lion And Pneumonia
... Giraffes, Buffalo, Wild Hogs, Rhinos, Hippos, and Elephants when food is scarce. ...
... Giraffes, Buffalo, Wild Hogs, Rhinos, Hippos, and Elephants when food is scarce. ...
NIH Public Access
... The decision for progenitors to differentiate is made at the G1 phase of the cell cycle where Dtype cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitors (CKIs) play an important role in regulating cell cycle exit. The CKIs regulate cell cycle progression by blocking phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma ...
... The decision for progenitors to differentiate is made at the G1 phase of the cell cycle where Dtype cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitors (CKIs) play an important role in regulating cell cycle exit. The CKIs regulate cell cycle progression by blocking phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma ...
Plasmodesmata-Mediated Cell-to-Cell Communication in the Shoot
... (BP), also act as mobile proteins. These proteins can move from the L1 into the inner cell layers in the SAM when driven by an L1 specific promoter [20,21]. During normal development, KNAT1 moves from the cortex to epidermal cells in stems, and movement is required for the determination of plant arc ...
... (BP), also act as mobile proteins. These proteins can move from the L1 into the inner cell layers in the SAM when driven by an L1 specific promoter [20,21]. During normal development, KNAT1 moves from the cortex to epidermal cells in stems, and movement is required for the determination of plant arc ...
Recent Progress in Research of the Mechanism of Fertilization in
... content of Arabidopsis thaliana and found that the two newly formed sperm cells enter the S phase of the cell cycle after mitosis of the generative cell, and the DNA content of both sperm cells then begins to increase. At the time of anthesis the DNA content of both sperm cells is 1.5 C. After polli ...
... content of Arabidopsis thaliana and found that the two newly formed sperm cells enter the S phase of the cell cycle after mitosis of the generative cell, and the DNA content of both sperm cells then begins to increase. At the time of anthesis the DNA content of both sperm cells is 1.5 C. After polli ...
A protein kinase target of a PDK1 signalling pathway is involved in
... in animals, with the important exception of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5) triphosphate, the protein targets and signalling pathways of plant phospholipids are largely unknown (Mueller-Roeber and Pical, 2002). In animal cells, PDK1 is a central integrator for signalling events downstream of various re ...
... in animals, with the important exception of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5) triphosphate, the protein targets and signalling pathways of plant phospholipids are largely unknown (Mueller-Roeber and Pical, 2002). In animal cells, PDK1 is a central integrator for signalling events downstream of various re ...
Chlamydomonas IFT 88 and Its Mouse Homologue, Polycystic
... is integrated randomly throughout the genome and disrupts genes at the site of integration. DNA was isolated from ⵑ400 insertional mutants having behavioral or motility defects and was screened by Southern blotting using a fragment of IFT88 genomic DNA as a probe. One cell line (V79) was identified ...
... is integrated randomly throughout the genome and disrupts genes at the site of integration. DNA was isolated from ⵑ400 insertional mutants having behavioral or motility defects and was screened by Southern blotting using a fragment of IFT88 genomic DNA as a probe. One cell line (V79) was identified ...
Microbiology
... of specific antigens both at the polar flagellum and the exopolysaccharide layer by immunogold-staining using a polyclonal antiserum. As a polyclonal serum is mixture of different antibodies, it can bind to different epitopes. It is an open question whether the high variability of antigenic cell sur ...
... of specific antigens both at the polar flagellum and the exopolysaccharide layer by immunogold-staining using a polyclonal antiserum. As a polyclonal serum is mixture of different antibodies, it can bind to different epitopes. It is an open question whether the high variability of antigenic cell sur ...
- UCL Discovery
... heterotrimeric G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and is expressed exclusively in melanogenic cells (Schiaffino et al., 1996; Sone and Orlow, 2007). Mutations in the OA1-encoding gene are responsible for the most common type of ocular albinism (type 1), in which patients exhibit hypopigmentation of ...
... heterotrimeric G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and is expressed exclusively in melanogenic cells (Schiaffino et al., 1996; Sone and Orlow, 2007). Mutations in the OA1-encoding gene are responsible for the most common type of ocular albinism (type 1), in which patients exhibit hypopigmentation of ...
Nuclear-cytoplasmic distribution of Inh2
... Distribution of Inh2 and PP1δ in the nucleus and cytoplasm of low- and high-density cells Endogenous Inh2 in both HeLa and PC3 cells cultured at low cell density was concentrated in the nucleus relative to the cytoplasm (Fig. 1A,B). By contrast, Inh2 was cytoplasmic in HeLa and PC3 cells grown to hi ...
... Distribution of Inh2 and PP1δ in the nucleus and cytoplasm of low- and high-density cells Endogenous Inh2 in both HeLa and PC3 cells cultured at low cell density was concentrated in the nucleus relative to the cytoplasm (Fig. 1A,B). By contrast, Inh2 was cytoplasmic in HeLa and PC3 cells grown to hi ...
Hydrogen peroxide-induced changes in intracellular pH of
... edges of guard cell challenged with H2O2 is more significant than that in the same cell with H2O2-free treatment (Fig 4), and this implies that H2O2 possibly activates plasma membrane H+-ATPase, which will cause a more acidification of cell wall. In plant cells, plasma membrane H+-ATPase is primaril ...
... edges of guard cell challenged with H2O2 is more significant than that in the same cell with H2O2-free treatment (Fig 4), and this implies that H2O2 possibly activates plasma membrane H+-ATPase, which will cause a more acidification of cell wall. In plant cells, plasma membrane H+-ATPase is primaril ...
Virus-transformed Pre-B Cells Show Ordered Activation but Not
... These models have limitations, however. Being tumor cells, they might not represent normal cells with fidelity. Furthermore, they often display a mixed phenotype because individual cells appear to slowly progress through the lineage, whereas a stem line of relatively fixed phenotype persists. Charac ...
... These models have limitations, however. Being tumor cells, they might not represent normal cells with fidelity. Furthermore, they often display a mixed phenotype because individual cells appear to slowly progress through the lineage, whereas a stem line of relatively fixed phenotype persists. Charac ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.