Cotyledon cells of Vigna mungo seedlings use at least two distinct
... process for SG, autophagosome-mediated autophagy for cytoplasm and mitochondria was detected in the cotyledon cells. When the embryo axes were removed from seeds and the detached cotyledons were incubated, the autophagosome-mediated autophagy was observed, but the autophagic process for the degradat ...
... process for SG, autophagosome-mediated autophagy for cytoplasm and mitochondria was detected in the cotyledon cells. When the embryo axes were removed from seeds and the detached cotyledons were incubated, the autophagosome-mediated autophagy was observed, but the autophagic process for the degradat ...
Cell Division Activity during Apical Hook
... understand how cell division contributes to differential growth, four different parts of the hook were defined (apical [a], basal [b], inner [i], and outer [o]; Figure 2A), and the number of subepidermal cells in each part was counted. The major difference in cell number was found between apical and ...
... understand how cell division contributes to differential growth, four different parts of the hook were defined (apical [a], basal [b], inner [i], and outer [o]; Figure 2A), and the number of subepidermal cells in each part was counted. The major difference in cell number was found between apical and ...
Mitotic Block Induced in HeLa Cells by Low Concentrations of
... microscopy.Valuesare spread, and uniform in size, with a fine filamentous array of micro mean ±SE of two to four experimentsand representcountsfrom 4O mitotic cells/ tubules radiating from the centrosomes and generally a single nucleus concentration and per time point in each experiment (data for 4 ...
... microscopy.Valuesare spread, and uniform in size, with a fine filamentous array of micro mean ±SE of two to four experimentsand representcountsfrom 4O mitotic cells/ tubules radiating from the centrosomes and generally a single nucleus concentration and per time point in each experiment (data for 4 ...
ch 3/4 ppt
... Capsule (sticky coating) Prokaryotic flagellum (for propulsion) Ribosomes (synthesize proteins) Nucleoid (contains DNA) Pili (attachment structures) © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... Capsule (sticky coating) Prokaryotic flagellum (for propulsion) Ribosomes (synthesize proteins) Nucleoid (contains DNA) Pili (attachment structures) © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
File
... • Gated channels for Ca2+ open, and Ca2+ enters the terminal • Ca2+ interacts with contractile proteins, which contract and pull the synaptic vesicles to the presynaptic membrane • Rise in Ca2+ stimulates synaptic vesicles to merge with the presynaptic membrane, resulting in exocytosis • Neurotransm ...
... • Gated channels for Ca2+ open, and Ca2+ enters the terminal • Ca2+ interacts with contractile proteins, which contract and pull the synaptic vesicles to the presynaptic membrane • Rise in Ca2+ stimulates synaptic vesicles to merge with the presynaptic membrane, resulting in exocytosis • Neurotransm ...
Cotyledon cells of Vigna mungo seedlings use at
... process for SG, autophagosome-mediated autophagy for cytoplasm and mitochondria was detected in the cotyledon cells. When the embryo axes were removed from seeds and the detached cotyledons were incubated, the autophagosome-mediated autophagy was observed, but the autophagic process for the degradat ...
... process for SG, autophagosome-mediated autophagy for cytoplasm and mitochondria was detected in the cotyledon cells. When the embryo axes were removed from seeds and the detached cotyledons were incubated, the autophagosome-mediated autophagy was observed, but the autophagic process for the degradat ...
Identification of the Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
... of these kinases is blocked by PI3K-specific inhibitors (Burgering and Coffer, 1995; Chung et al., 1994; Franke et al., 1995). Akt contains a PH domain that is specific to PtdIns-3,4P2 and PtdIns-3,4,5P3 (Franke et al., 1997). Akt is thereby recruited to these PI3K-generated second messengers and to ...
... of these kinases is blocked by PI3K-specific inhibitors (Burgering and Coffer, 1995; Chung et al., 1994; Franke et al., 1995). Akt contains a PH domain that is specific to PtdIns-3,4P2 and PtdIns-3,4,5P3 (Franke et al., 1997). Akt is thereby recruited to these PI3K-generated second messengers and to ...
LATS1/WARTS phosphorylates MYPT1 to counteract PLK1 and
... telangiectasia mutated (ATM), the main sensor of double-strand DNA breaks, causes MST2/LATS1 activation by phosphorylating RASSF1A (Ras association domain-containing family 1A) followed by the induction of proapoptotic genes (Hamilton et al., 2009). Consistent with this, LATS1-overexpressing cells u ...
... telangiectasia mutated (ATM), the main sensor of double-strand DNA breaks, causes MST2/LATS1 activation by phosphorylating RASSF1A (Ras association domain-containing family 1A) followed by the induction of proapoptotic genes (Hamilton et al., 2009). Consistent with this, LATS1-overexpressing cells u ...
Millionaire Reproduction
... What is the relationship between a species’ number of chromosomes and the sizes of individual organisms? ...
... What is the relationship between a species’ number of chromosomes and the sizes of individual organisms? ...
Genetic Control of Fusion Pore Expansion in the Epidermis of
... retarded in eff-1 and idf-1 mutants. We generate kinetic cell fusion maps for embryos grown at different temperatures. Different sides of the same cell differ in their fusogenicity: the left and right membrane domains are fusion-incompetent, whereas the anterior and posterior membrane domains fuse w ...
... retarded in eff-1 and idf-1 mutants. We generate kinetic cell fusion maps for embryos grown at different temperatures. Different sides of the same cell differ in their fusogenicity: the left and right membrane domains are fusion-incompetent, whereas the anterior and posterior membrane domains fuse w ...
Meiosis Notes
... During mitosis, the 23 pairs of human chromosomes condense and are visible with a light microscope. A karyotype analysis usually involves blocking cells in mitosis and staining the condensed chromosomes with Giemsa dye. The dye stains regions of chromosomes that are rich in the base pairs Adenine (A ...
... During mitosis, the 23 pairs of human chromosomes condense and are visible with a light microscope. A karyotype analysis usually involves blocking cells in mitosis and staining the condensed chromosomes with Giemsa dye. The dye stains regions of chromosomes that are rich in the base pairs Adenine (A ...
The Role of Thomsen-Friedenreich Antigen in
... antibody was developed as described (26). The TIB-166 hybridoma, producing immobilized on the nitrocellulose membrane (1 g/spot). After blocking with rat monoclonal anti-galectin-3 (anti-Mac-2) was purchased from American 2% solution of BSA in TBS, samples were incubated for 1 h at room Type Cultur ...
... antibody was developed as described (26). The TIB-166 hybridoma, producing immobilized on the nitrocellulose membrane (1 g/spot). After blocking with rat monoclonal anti-galectin-3 (anti-Mac-2) was purchased from American 2% solution of BSA in TBS, samples were incubated for 1 h at room Type Cultur ...
Cell shape changes during gastrulation in
... undergo mitosis (Fig. 2K). The dispersal does not depend on mitosis, since it also occurs in string mutant embryos (see Fig. 7A), in which this and later cell divisions do not take place (Edgar and O'Farrell, 1989). The mesoderm cells begin to spread out laterally until they form a single cell layer ...
... undergo mitosis (Fig. 2K). The dispersal does not depend on mitosis, since it also occurs in string mutant embryos (see Fig. 7A), in which this and later cell divisions do not take place (Edgar and O'Farrell, 1989). The mesoderm cells begin to spread out laterally until they form a single cell layer ...
Meiosis Unit Front Page
... During mitosis, the 23 pairs of human chromosomes condense and are visible with a light microscope. A karyotype analysis usually involves blocking cells in mitosis and staining the condensed chromosomes with Giemsa dye. The dye stains regions of chromosomes that are rich in the base pairs Adenine (A ...
... During mitosis, the 23 pairs of human chromosomes condense and are visible with a light microscope. A karyotype analysis usually involves blocking cells in mitosis and staining the condensed chromosomes with Giemsa dye. The dye stains regions of chromosomes that are rich in the base pairs Adenine (A ...
The bacterial divisome: ready for its close-up
... approximately 3 mm long by 1 mm wide, this represents at least 50 mass doublings, all the while continuing to extend the cell wall and membrane continuously, as well as replicate and segregate their nucleoids as visualized with DAPI staining. These multinucleate filaments indicated that the fts gene ...
... approximately 3 mm long by 1 mm wide, this represents at least 50 mass doublings, all the while continuing to extend the cell wall and membrane continuously, as well as replicate and segregate their nucleoids as visualized with DAPI staining. These multinucleate filaments indicated that the fts gene ...
In vitro control of neuronal polarity by
... dendrites) varied depending on how they were presented to the cells. In particular, it is clear that substratum-bound and soluble ECM factors induce different patterns of growth and polarity (Chamak and Prochiantz, 1989; Lochter et al., 1991). Since, in addition to laminin and fibronectin, proteogly ...
... dendrites) varied depending on how they were presented to the cells. In particular, it is clear that substratum-bound and soluble ECM factors induce different patterns of growth and polarity (Chamak and Prochiantz, 1989; Lochter et al., 1991). Since, in addition to laminin and fibronectin, proteogly ...
Structural and enzymatic characterization of a glycoside hydrolase
... to the plant cell walls do not form large membrane-attached cellulosome complexes [7], but are instead either secreted into the medium or attached to the cell membrane as lipoproteins. Indeed, approximately one-third of the encoded carbohydrate-degrading enzymes have been predicted to be lipoprotein ...
... to the plant cell walls do not form large membrane-attached cellulosome complexes [7], but are instead either secreted into the medium or attached to the cell membrane as lipoproteins. Indeed, approximately one-third of the encoded carbohydrate-degrading enzymes have been predicted to be lipoprotein ...
... (1) plumb rod-shaped bacillus that was attached (1 to 1.5 µm) (Figures 2 and 3) and free-living (Figure 4c); (2) a long rod-shaped Bacillus with one end sharpened and not attached (3 to 6 µm) (Figure 4b); (3) a plumb rod-shaped Bacillus with fimbriae and not attached (1.5 to 3 µm) (Figure 4d); (4) v ...
REVIEW ARTICLE. Calcium Channels in the Plasma
... might be restricted by low [Ca#+]cyt, it is often assumed that the bulk of radial Ca#+ movement within the root cortex occurs by an apoplastic pathway. Net Ca#+ uptake into the root is greatest in apical zones (less than 5 mm from the root tip) and much smaller in mature regions (Ryan, Newman and Sh ...
... might be restricted by low [Ca#+]cyt, it is often assumed that the bulk of radial Ca#+ movement within the root cortex occurs by an apoplastic pathway. Net Ca#+ uptake into the root is greatest in apical zones (less than 5 mm from the root tip) and much smaller in mature regions (Ryan, Newman and Sh ...
Biology II pacing Guide 5-10-2012-i1
... Relate gene expression (e.g., replication, transcription, translation) to protein structure and function. (DOK 2) • Translation of a messenger RNA strand into a protein • Processing by organelles so that the protein is appropriately packaged, labeled, and eventually exported by the cell • Messenger ...
... Relate gene expression (e.g., replication, transcription, translation) to protein structure and function. (DOK 2) • Translation of a messenger RNA strand into a protein • Processing by organelles so that the protein is appropriately packaged, labeled, and eventually exported by the cell • Messenger ...
Biotech
... A description of each process step in the flow diagram should be provided. Information should be included on, for example, scale; culture media and other additives (details provided in 3.2.S.2.3); major equipment (details provided in 3.2.A.1); and process controls, including in-process tests and op ...
... A description of each process step in the flow diagram should be provided. Information should be included on, for example, scale; culture media and other additives (details provided in 3.2.S.2.3); major equipment (details provided in 3.2.A.1); and process controls, including in-process tests and op ...
Vesicular transport of newly synthesized opsin from the Golgi
... the ellipsoid (extracellular, ROS) which could also contribute grains to the ellipsoid region. The grain compartments (columns) consisted of the external rim regions (EC, ROS) as well as mitochondria and cytoplasm. The remaining grain compartments consisted of membranous components identified asjunc ...
... the ellipsoid (extracellular, ROS) which could also contribute grains to the ellipsoid region. The grain compartments (columns) consisted of the external rim regions (EC, ROS) as well as mitochondria and cytoplasm. The remaining grain compartments consisted of membranous components identified asjunc ...
Pluripotent Stem Cell Handbook
... including human fibroblasts, CD34+ cord blood cells, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Protocols for reprogramming these cell types can be found at thermofisher.com/pscprotocols • The Epi5 and CytoTune reprogramming systems ...
... including human fibroblasts, CD34+ cord blood cells, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Protocols for reprogramming these cell types can be found at thermofisher.com/pscprotocols • The Epi5 and CytoTune reprogramming systems ...
The Structure of Cell Walls of Phycomycetes
... 25 % of the total protein. In contrast, only I to 2 % of carbohydrate passes through the dialysis bag after this treatment. ,8 (I + 3) glucanases digestion of isolated walls and soluble non-dialysablefractions. Two p-glucanase preparations were used to obtain more information about glucan structure ...
... 25 % of the total protein. In contrast, only I to 2 % of carbohydrate passes through the dialysis bag after this treatment. ,8 (I + 3) glucanases digestion of isolated walls and soluble non-dialysablefractions. Two p-glucanase preparations were used to obtain more information about glucan structure ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.