Lesson Overview
... Many protists move by means of cilia and flagella, structures supported by microtubules. Cilia are short and numerous, and they move somewhat like oars on a boat. Flagella are relatively long and usually number only one or two per cell. Some flagella spin like tiny propellers, but most produce a wav ...
... Many protists move by means of cilia and flagella, structures supported by microtubules. Cilia are short and numerous, and they move somewhat like oars on a boat. Flagella are relatively long and usually number only one or two per cell. Some flagella spin like tiny propellers, but most produce a wav ...
Size evolution in microorganisms masks trade-offs
... rate (mmax) in fluctuating environments or competitive ability (CR) in constant environments is usually referred to as the gleaner –opportunist trade-off [5,19,20]. More generally, it can be interpreted as part of the classical trade-off between r and K strategies [4]. Ecological stoichiometry stres ...
... rate (mmax) in fluctuating environments or competitive ability (CR) in constant environments is usually referred to as the gleaner –opportunist trade-off [5,19,20]. More generally, it can be interpreted as part of the classical trade-off between r and K strategies [4]. Ecological stoichiometry stres ...
Development
... revealed that this phenotype was caused by overexpression of the novel gene LNG1, which was found to have a homolog, LNG2, in Arabidopsis. To further examine the role of the LNG genes, we characterized lng1 and lng2 loss-of-function mutant lines. In contrast to the elongated leaves of lng1-1D plants ...
... revealed that this phenotype was caused by overexpression of the novel gene LNG1, which was found to have a homolog, LNG2, in Arabidopsis. To further examine the role of the LNG genes, we characterized lng1 and lng2 loss-of-function mutant lines. In contrast to the elongated leaves of lng1-1D plants ...
Cellular studies of neuromuscular disorders related to the
... Sarcomere is the basic unit of cardiac and skeletal muscle contraction and its proper function requires an invariant organization of this structure. Mutations in sarcomeric proteins are known to cause increasing number of different cardiac and skeletal muscle diseases. The front line in research on ...
... Sarcomere is the basic unit of cardiac and skeletal muscle contraction and its proper function requires an invariant organization of this structure. Mutations in sarcomeric proteins are known to cause increasing number of different cardiac and skeletal muscle diseases. The front line in research on ...
Actin Dynamics in Papilla Cells of Brassica rapa
... and number of large peaks increased (Fig. 1, B and C). In contrast, during self-pollination, a large peak was not detected and the number of small peaks also decreased (Fig. 1, D and E). These quantitative results are consistent with the data shown in Figure 1. We next randomly selected 50 papilla c ...
... and number of large peaks increased (Fig. 1, B and C). In contrast, during self-pollination, a large peak was not detected and the number of small peaks also decreased (Fig. 1, D and E). These quantitative results are consistent with the data shown in Figure 1. We next randomly selected 50 papilla c ...
PDF
... of the segmental ganglia of OP-ablated embryos. In the second experiment, HRP tracer was injected into the left OPQ blastomere of a series of stage 6a embryos, and in some of these embryos the right Q teloblast was ablated at stage 6b or 6~. As in the first type of experiment, development was then a ...
... of the segmental ganglia of OP-ablated embryos. In the second experiment, HRP tracer was injected into the left OPQ blastomere of a series of stage 6a embryos, and in some of these embryos the right Q teloblast was ablated at stage 6b or 6~. As in the first type of experiment, development was then a ...
Leukaemia Section Anaplasic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... The common type, characterized by large lymphoid cells with horseshoe shaped nuclei with many nucleoli, and large cytoplasm; may be ALK + or - ALCL; The small cell type, together with the above described cells, show small and medium sized cells; almost exclusively ALK+ cases; The lymphohistiocytic t ...
... The common type, characterized by large lymphoid cells with horseshoe shaped nuclei with many nucleoli, and large cytoplasm; may be ALK + or - ALCL; The small cell type, together with the above described cells, show small and medium sized cells; almost exclusively ALK+ cases; The lymphohistiocytic t ...
Differential localization of LTA synthesis proteins and their
... Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is an important cell wall component of Gram-positive bacteria. In Staphylococcus aureus it consists of a polyglycerolphosphate-chain that is retained within the membrane via a glycolipid. Using an immunofluorescence approach, we show here that the LTA polymer is not surface e ...
... Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is an important cell wall component of Gram-positive bacteria. In Staphylococcus aureus it consists of a polyglycerolphosphate-chain that is retained within the membrane via a glycolipid. Using an immunofluorescence approach, we show here that the LTA polymer is not surface e ...
Volume 94, issue 2 July 2011 ...
... developed a specialized chamber system in which neurons are cultured on two initially contiguous platforms that are pulled apart by a stepper motor (Pfister et al., 2006, 2004). The axons of neurons plated onto these platforms can be elongated to lengths of 10 cm at a sustained rate of 8 mm/d (330 mm ...
... developed a specialized chamber system in which neurons are cultured on two initially contiguous platforms that are pulled apart by a stepper motor (Pfister et al., 2006, 2004). The axons of neurons plated onto these platforms can be elongated to lengths of 10 cm at a sustained rate of 8 mm/d (330 mm ...
New type of snRNP containing nuclear bodies in plant cells
... Lamond, 1999; Smith and Lawrence, 2000). The investigations of Darzacq et al. (2002) have revealed “Cajal bodyspecific snRNAs” (scaRNAs) in these structures which take part in snRNA methylation and pseudouridylation. Though a decisive majority of the results of the investigations concern animal cell ...
... Lamond, 1999; Smith and Lawrence, 2000). The investigations of Darzacq et al. (2002) have revealed “Cajal bodyspecific snRNAs” (scaRNAs) in these structures which take part in snRNA methylation and pseudouridylation. Though a decisive majority of the results of the investigations concern animal cell ...
A Cellular Adventure
... Teacher: Today we are going to look at eukaryote cells. Let me pass out the directions so we can get started. Joe: Eureka cells? What are those? Jenny: Eukaryote not eureka. Eukaryote cells are cells that have a nucleus and organelles surrounded by a membrane. Joe: Oh, I get it. Teacher: Look throu ...
... Teacher: Today we are going to look at eukaryote cells. Let me pass out the directions so we can get started. Joe: Eureka cells? What are those? Jenny: Eukaryote not eureka. Eukaryote cells are cells that have a nucleus and organelles surrounded by a membrane. Joe: Oh, I get it. Teacher: Look throu ...
Humic matter elicits proton and calcium fluxes and signaling
... as critical regulators of various signaling cascades [19]. Furthermore, many plant receptors are endowed with protein kinase activity, through the participation in processes like growth, hormone perception, and stress responses [21]. Cytoplasmic Ca2+ oscillations also play a key role in cell signali ...
... as critical regulators of various signaling cascades [19]. Furthermore, many plant receptors are endowed with protein kinase activity, through the participation in processes like growth, hormone perception, and stress responses [21]. Cytoplasmic Ca2+ oscillations also play a key role in cell signali ...
Expression of Cell Adhesion Molecule E
... bathing medium by a tightly sealed surface epithelium (27, 38). Up until the midblastula transition, cell division is reductive (24) and the cells are built largely from components stored in the egg (2, 42, 50, 51). The cleavage furrows and resulting plasma membranes in these early embryos seem to b ...
... bathing medium by a tightly sealed surface epithelium (27, 38). Up until the midblastula transition, cell division is reductive (24) and the cells are built largely from components stored in the egg (2, 42, 50, 51). The cleavage furrows and resulting plasma membranes in these early embryos seem to b ...
GSDMD membrane pore formation constitutes
... pyroptosis. They show that ectopic expression of the cleaved form of the protein induces plasma membrane permeabilization and pyroptotic-like cell death. They also produce recombinant GSDMD and show that upon cleavage by caspase 1, the protein induces pore formation in liposomes and in supported lip ...
... pyroptosis. They show that ectopic expression of the cleaved form of the protein induces plasma membrane permeabilization and pyroptotic-like cell death. They also produce recombinant GSDMD and show that upon cleavage by caspase 1, the protein induces pore formation in liposomes and in supported lip ...
Use of the BacTiter-Glo™ Microbial Cell Viability Assay to Study
... illustrates the ATP standard curve between 10–3 and 101 nmol ATP per reaction. Panel B represents the bacterial dilution curve between 2 × 106 CFU/ml and 3 × 108 CFU/ml. Panel C shows attachment of wild-type cells grown in TB at 37 °C without shaking for 72 hours. For each panel, the values represen ...
... illustrates the ATP standard curve between 10–3 and 101 nmol ATP per reaction. Panel B represents the bacterial dilution curve between 2 × 106 CFU/ml and 3 × 108 CFU/ml. Panel C shows attachment of wild-type cells grown in TB at 37 °C without shaking for 72 hours. For each panel, the values represen ...
Folliculin directs the formation of a Rab34–RILP
... are recruited by lysosome associated small GTPases and their effector proteins [1]. A number of pathways leading to motor recruitment and modulation of lysosome transport/distribution have emerged. To drive transport towards the plus end of microtubules that are typically located at the cell periphe ...
... are recruited by lysosome associated small GTPases and their effector proteins [1]. A number of pathways leading to motor recruitment and modulation of lysosome transport/distribution have emerged. To drive transport towards the plus end of microtubules that are typically located at the cell periphe ...
Text - Enlighten: Publications
... Keywords: Arabidopsis, Root hairs, Live cell labeling, Immunocytochemistry, Polar growth, Cell wall ...
... Keywords: Arabidopsis, Root hairs, Live cell labeling, Immunocytochemistry, Polar growth, Cell wall ...
The fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) provides a model for the
... They are also incredibly sensitive. The flies can sense the noni smell when only a billionth of a milligram is present in the air. Even the olfactory brain has adapted to the delicacy, which also acts as a nursery for the species: two of the glomeruli receive all of the signals from the noni neurons ...
... They are also incredibly sensitive. The flies can sense the noni smell when only a billionth of a milligram is present in the air. Even the olfactory brain has adapted to the delicacy, which also acts as a nursery for the species: two of the glomeruli receive all of the signals from the noni neurons ...
Mitogen-activated protein kinases and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy
... Molecular cloning of p54, JNK2, has revealed a family of SAPKs or JNKs, encoded by at least three genes [Table 1]. JNK activity is induced by a number of upstream kinases [Fig. 1]. The JNKs are serine/threonine kinases, which also, similarly to ERKs, require tyrosine and serine/threonine phosphoryla ...
... Molecular cloning of p54, JNK2, has revealed a family of SAPKs or JNKs, encoded by at least three genes [Table 1]. JNK activity is induced by a number of upstream kinases [Fig. 1]. The JNKs are serine/threonine kinases, which also, similarly to ERKs, require tyrosine and serine/threonine phosphoryla ...
Mitochondria as signaling organelles R E V I E W Open Access
... homeostasis [43,44]. In the past decade, mitochondriabound PKA-AKAP assemblies have been shown to regulate oxidative metabolism, the mitochondrial fission/fusion machinery, and hypoxic responses [45,46]. This allows cellular signaling pathways to converge on the mitochondrial PKA-AKAP axis to contro ...
... homeostasis [43,44]. In the past decade, mitochondriabound PKA-AKAP assemblies have been shown to regulate oxidative metabolism, the mitochondrial fission/fusion machinery, and hypoxic responses [45,46]. This allows cellular signaling pathways to converge on the mitochondrial PKA-AKAP axis to contro ...
Transport of virally expressed green fluorescent protein through the
... mobility of Golgi transferases in live, transfected HeLa cells (Cole et al. 1996). In plant cells, expression of a signal peptide-GFP-HDEL construct resulted in ¯uorescence of the ER in Arabidopsis thaliana roots (Haselo and Amos 1995). It has recently been shown that very high levels of foreign-pr ...
... mobility of Golgi transferases in live, transfected HeLa cells (Cole et al. 1996). In plant cells, expression of a signal peptide-GFP-HDEL construct resulted in ¯uorescence of the ER in Arabidopsis thaliana roots (Haselo and Amos 1995). It has recently been shown that very high levels of foreign-pr ...
Distinct Actions and Cooperative Roles of ROCK
... We have shown that inactivation and reactivation of Rho are necessary for the TPA-induced disassembly and reassembly, respectively, of stress fibers and focal adhesions, and that activation of the Rab small G protein family, at least Rab5, is furthermore necessary for their reassembly (Imamura et al ...
... We have shown that inactivation and reactivation of Rho are necessary for the TPA-induced disassembly and reassembly, respectively, of stress fibers and focal adhesions, and that activation of the Rab small G protein family, at least Rab5, is furthermore necessary for their reassembly (Imamura et al ...
PDF
... from wild-type embryos (P<0.001, Fig. 5B). The average position of v’ch1 neurons in these embryos is the same as in stage 13-14 mutant and wild-type embryos, indicating that v’ch1 neuron migration fails to commence in the mutants. There is a high correlation between migratory and dendrite defects: 8 ...
... from wild-type embryos (P<0.001, Fig. 5B). The average position of v’ch1 neurons in these embryos is the same as in stage 13-14 mutant and wild-type embryos, indicating that v’ch1 neuron migration fails to commence in the mutants. There is a high correlation between migratory and dendrite defects: 8 ...
Full Text - Genes | Genomes | Genetics
... are gradually enriched at the apical lateral region, although considerable protein can still be detected along the lateral membrane. At stage 16 (about 14 hr after egg laying), SJ proteins are finally tightly localized to the apical lateral region that defines the SJ. Electron microscopic studies reve ...
... are gradually enriched at the apical lateral region, although considerable protein can still be detected along the lateral membrane. At stage 16 (about 14 hr after egg laying), SJ proteins are finally tightly localized to the apical lateral region that defines the SJ. Electron microscopic studies reve ...
Liquid-Tissue Mechanics in Amphibian Gastrulation: Germ
... "YMO > TNO. we flatten aggregates with quartz fibers calibrated to measure the force of compression. As predicted, under the same flattening force, E aggregates are rounder than M aggregates, which are rounder than N aggregates. Furthermore, a second surface tension relationship can account for the ...
... "YMO > TNO. we flatten aggregates with quartz fibers calibrated to measure the force of compression. As predicted, under the same flattening force, E aggregates are rounder than M aggregates, which are rounder than N aggregates. Furthermore, a second surface tension relationship can account for the ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.