Membrane voltage initiates Ca2 waves and potentiates Ca2
... and thereafter propagating over 5–10 s to the cell center (c and d) near the nucleus (identified under bright field, not shown). The elevated [Ca21]i dissipated throughout the cell once the membrane voltage was returned to 250 mV (Fig. 4e). The traces of [Ca21]i in Fig. 4 (Lower) confirm the centrip ...
... and thereafter propagating over 5–10 s to the cell center (c and d) near the nucleus (identified under bright field, not shown). The elevated [Ca21]i dissipated throughout the cell once the membrane voltage was returned to 250 mV (Fig. 4e). The traces of [Ca21]i in Fig. 4 (Lower) confirm the centrip ...
Cell Cycle-specific Effects of Tumor Necrosis
... (telophase) or soon after cytokinesis. Sensitivity of cells to the lytic effect of TNF is increased by cell arrest in mitosis with Colcemid or vinblastine. TNF exerts little effect on rates of cell progression through G1 or S phases of the cell cycle, although few cells die during S phase. Nonlysed ...
... (telophase) or soon after cytokinesis. Sensitivity of cells to the lytic effect of TNF is increased by cell arrest in mitosis with Colcemid or vinblastine. TNF exerts little effect on rates of cell progression through G1 or S phases of the cell cycle, although few cells die during S phase. Nonlysed ...
CH 10-12 Practice Test Answer Section
... b. Some spindle fibers become attached to kinetochores. c. The spindle apparatus is composed of protein molecules of tubulin. d. Some microtubules overlap at the spindle equator. e. All of these are true. ____ 15. Mitosis comes from the Greek word "mitos," which means a. divide. b. grow. c. swell. d ...
... b. Some spindle fibers become attached to kinetochores. c. The spindle apparatus is composed of protein molecules of tubulin. d. Some microtubules overlap at the spindle equator. e. All of these are true. ____ 15. Mitosis comes from the Greek word "mitos," which means a. divide. b. grow. c. swell. d ...
Fanconi anemia genes act to suppress a cross-linker-inducible p53-
... cell cultures'2.'' and decreasedthe rate of spontaneous chromosomal breaks in lymphocyte culture^,'^ it has been suggested that a cellular mechanism involved in detoxification of oxygen radicals may be responsible for the FA phenoHowever, oxygen hypersensitivity seems to be a secondary manifestation ...
... cell cultures'2.'' and decreasedthe rate of spontaneous chromosomal breaks in lymphocyte culture^,'^ it has been suggested that a cellular mechanism involved in detoxification of oxygen radicals may be responsible for the FA phenoHowever, oxygen hypersensitivity seems to be a secondary manifestation ...
Document
... iGenetics Regulation of cell division in normal cells Try iactivity in chapter 10 online – tracking down the cause of cancer ...
... iGenetics Regulation of cell division in normal cells Try iactivity in chapter 10 online – tracking down the cause of cancer ...
Leaf growth in grasses is determined by the cell division and
... of the simple organization and distinct growth zone of the latter. More importantly, this approach can measure not only local rates of cell division, but also local rates of expansion by balancing the rates at which cells enter and exit a particular region. These latter relations are formalized with ...
... of the simple organization and distinct growth zone of the latter. More importantly, this approach can measure not only local rates of cell division, but also local rates of expansion by balancing the rates at which cells enter and exit a particular region. These latter relations are formalized with ...
Modification of the signal sequence cleavage site of
... tolerated only the residues A, S, G or P at position 21, and S, G, T, V or L at position 23, while almost any residue was allowed at positions +1, 22, 24 and 25. Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive bacterium widespread in nature and responsible for sporadic severe infections in humans and othe ...
... tolerated only the residues A, S, G or P at position 21, and S, G, T, V or L at position 23, while almost any residue was allowed at positions +1, 22, 24 and 25. Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive bacterium widespread in nature and responsible for sporadic severe infections in humans and othe ...
Thyroglobulin, the major and obligatory
... the TG molecule. Enzymatic removal of carbohydrates with endoglycosidase H or with endoglycosidase D was used to test for the presence of phosphate residues on the different types of CHO on TG. As shown in Table I, each enzyme removed two of the phosphate residues per dimeric TG. Two phosphate resid ...
... the TG molecule. Enzymatic removal of carbohydrates with endoglycosidase H or with endoglycosidase D was used to test for the presence of phosphate residues on the different types of CHO on TG. As shown in Table I, each enzyme removed two of the phosphate residues per dimeric TG. Two phosphate resid ...
Activation of the p75 Neurotrophin Receptor through Conformational
... Nogo receptor (NgR) (Fournier et al., 2001) and Lingo-1 (Mi et al., 2004). In addition, p75NTR is also known to undergo proteolytic cleavage upon activation by several of its ligands or induction of membrane metalloproteases with phorbol esters (Jung et al., 2003; Kanning et al., 2003). The release ...
... Nogo receptor (NgR) (Fournier et al., 2001) and Lingo-1 (Mi et al., 2004). In addition, p75NTR is also known to undergo proteolytic cleavage upon activation by several of its ligands or induction of membrane metalloproteases with phorbol esters (Jung et al., 2003; Kanning et al., 2003). The release ...
Principles of Bacterial Toxin Entry
... they coopt existing mechanisms for taking up molecular cargo from the host cell surface. However, there is a second important principle, which is that AB toxins are not simply delivered into cells as passive cargo, but, instead, must be “hardwired” to engage and exploit cellular entry pathways. AB t ...
... they coopt existing mechanisms for taking up molecular cargo from the host cell surface. However, there is a second important principle, which is that AB toxins are not simply delivered into cells as passive cargo, but, instead, must be “hardwired” to engage and exploit cellular entry pathways. AB t ...
Membrane lipid peroxidation and its conflict of
... and transformed into lipid hydroperoxides (LOOHs)22. The product (LOOH) being unstable is decomposed to a great variety of products. LOX are also found to cleave in a regiospecifically and stereospecifically controlled reaction, an H-atom from a double allylically activated –CH2 group of PUFA. While ...
... and transformed into lipid hydroperoxides (LOOHs)22. The product (LOOH) being unstable is decomposed to a great variety of products. LOX are also found to cleave in a regiospecifically and stereospecifically controlled reaction, an H-atom from a double allylically activated –CH2 group of PUFA. While ...
year 12 biology - Miss Jan`s Science Wikispace
... Describe the base pairing rule for creating a complementary strand from a template strand of DNA State how many chromosomes are made from a single chromosome during DNA replication Explain why DNA replication is called semi-conservative Explain the role of DNA replication in preparing the cell for d ...
... Describe the base pairing rule for creating a complementary strand from a template strand of DNA State how many chromosomes are made from a single chromosome during DNA replication Explain why DNA replication is called semi-conservative Explain the role of DNA replication in preparing the cell for d ...
Differentiation of Cardiac Myocytes after Mitogen Withdrawal
... synchronous spontaneous contractions, from day 2 onward. By days 2 and 3, the contractile myocytes developed a characteristic morphology consisting of a coarse granular cytoplasm with dense inclusions and a dense round nucleus. By the criteria of morphology and spontaneous contraction, the ventricul ...
... synchronous spontaneous contractions, from day 2 onward. By days 2 and 3, the contractile myocytes developed a characteristic morphology consisting of a coarse granular cytoplasm with dense inclusions and a dense round nucleus. By the criteria of morphology and spontaneous contraction, the ventricul ...
mechanotransduction in lymphatic endothelial cells
... FAK phosphorylation is a critical event also in stretching of cells (29,30). It induces the activation of ERK1/2 and p38 suggesting that mechanotransduction occurs at focal adhesions. Traditionally mechanotransduction differs from other types of signal transduction in that it is thought to occur ind ...
... FAK phosphorylation is a critical event also in stretching of cells (29,30). It induces the activation of ERK1/2 and p38 suggesting that mechanotransduction occurs at focal adhesions. Traditionally mechanotransduction differs from other types of signal transduction in that it is thought to occur ind ...
Structurally related TPR subunits contribute differently to the function
... from yeast, Xenopus and clam egg extracts and from human cells. It turned out to be a large protein complex containing at least 13 stably associated core subunits in yeasts (Passmore, 2004). Orthologues of ten of the yeast subunits could be ...
... from yeast, Xenopus and clam egg extracts and from human cells. It turned out to be a large protein complex containing at least 13 stably associated core subunits in yeasts (Passmore, 2004). Orthologues of ten of the yeast subunits could be ...
Fibronectin and radial intercalation
... domain (CCBD) of Xenopus FN (Ramos and DeSimone, 1996; Ramos et al., 1996). Blastocoelar injection of these mAbs before the onset of gastrulation completely blocked assembly of FN fibrils (Fig. 1C,D). The inability to assemble a fibrillar matrix was not due to antibody crosslinking of FN, as injecti ...
... domain (CCBD) of Xenopus FN (Ramos and DeSimone, 1996; Ramos et al., 1996). Blastocoelar injection of these mAbs before the onset of gastrulation completely blocked assembly of FN fibrils (Fig. 1C,D). The inability to assemble a fibrillar matrix was not due to antibody crosslinking of FN, as injecti ...
Neurophysiology
... Presynaptic neuron – transmits impulse towards the synapse, axon terminal with vesicles containing neurotransmitters Synaptic cleft – fluid filled space between pre and post synaptic neuron Postsynaptic neuron - transmits impulse away from synapse, contains receptors for neurotransmitters ...
... Presynaptic neuron – transmits impulse towards the synapse, axon terminal with vesicles containing neurotransmitters Synaptic cleft – fluid filled space between pre and post synaptic neuron Postsynaptic neuron - transmits impulse away from synapse, contains receptors for neurotransmitters ...
Neurophysiology
... Presynaptic neuron – transmits impulse towards the synapse, axon terminal with vesicles containing neurotransmitters Synaptic cleft – fluid filled space between pre and post synaptic neuron Postsynaptic neuron - transmits impulse away from synapse, contains receptors for neurotransmitters ...
... Presynaptic neuron – transmits impulse towards the synapse, axon terminal with vesicles containing neurotransmitters Synaptic cleft – fluid filled space between pre and post synaptic neuron Postsynaptic neuron - transmits impulse away from synapse, contains receptors for neurotransmitters ...
Modulation of Retinoblastoma and Retinoblastoma
... also be involved in the induction of the fully differentiated state. For example, it has been suggested that Rb protein, in association with myogenic factors such as Myo D, is mequmred to bring about terminal differentiation of muscle cells (5). The Rb gene encodes a nuclear phosphoprotein of 1 10 k ...
... also be involved in the induction of the fully differentiated state. For example, it has been suggested that Rb protein, in association with myogenic factors such as Myo D, is mequmred to bring about terminal differentiation of muscle cells (5). The Rb gene encodes a nuclear phosphoprotein of 1 10 k ...
Subcellular Localization and Activity of Multidrug
... of these MDR-ECFP fusion proteins were exposed to doxorubicin, and then the fluorescence levels of doxorubicin and ECFP were quantified on a cell-by-cell basis. As reported previously, expression of neither MRP1 nor Pgp had any effect on total doxorubicin accumulation by fluorescenceactivated cell s ...
... of these MDR-ECFP fusion proteins were exposed to doxorubicin, and then the fluorescence levels of doxorubicin and ECFP were quantified on a cell-by-cell basis. As reported previously, expression of neither MRP1 nor Pgp had any effect on total doxorubicin accumulation by fluorescenceactivated cell s ...
Control of cell cycle transcription during G1 and S phases
... Cells commit to enter a new cell cycle during G1 by activating cyclin–CDK-dependent transcription (FIG. 1). G1–S transcriptional activation during late G1 promotes entry into S phase after which expression is turned off. This creates a wave of transcription, which peaks at the G1‑to‑S transition (BO ...
... Cells commit to enter a new cell cycle during G1 by activating cyclin–CDK-dependent transcription (FIG. 1). G1–S transcriptional activation during late G1 promotes entry into S phase after which expression is turned off. This creates a wave of transcription, which peaks at the G1‑to‑S transition (BO ...
PowerPoint 프레젠테이션
... • electron transport tightly coupled to phosphorylation: Electrons do not usually flow through the electron transport chain to O2 unless ADP is simultaneously phosphorylated to ATP. • Level of ADP: the most important factor to determine rate of oxidative phosphorylation ...
... • electron transport tightly coupled to phosphorylation: Electrons do not usually flow through the electron transport chain to O2 unless ADP is simultaneously phosphorylated to ATP. • Level of ADP: the most important factor to determine rate of oxidative phosphorylation ...
Message in a bottle: small signalling peptide
... can be recognized (Lease and Walker, 2006). There are several ways to explain this seeming overabundance of putative small signalling peptides. First, as receptors commonly form complexes, it may be that interacting proteins are able to alter the conformation of the receptor, allowing a single recep ...
... can be recognized (Lease and Walker, 2006). There are several ways to explain this seeming overabundance of putative small signalling peptides. First, as receptors commonly form complexes, it may be that interacting proteins are able to alter the conformation of the receptor, allowing a single recep ...
Atomic Force Microscopy in Cancer Cell Research
... question is, how many measurements have to be done to get a definite answer for cell rigidity? While there is no any predefined answer to this question, one can estimate the amount of measurements to be 100 per cell. This has to be repeated for from 10 to 50 cells from a single cell source, and ideall ...
... question is, how many measurements have to be done to get a definite answer for cell rigidity? While there is no any predefined answer to this question, one can estimate the amount of measurements to be 100 per cell. This has to be repeated for from 10 to 50 cells from a single cell source, and ideall ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.