Biol 1406 notes Ch 9 8thed
... The last cytochrome of the chain, cyt a3, passes its electrons to oxygen, which is very electronegative. Each oxygen atom also picks up a pair of hydrogen ions from the aqueous solution to form water. The electrons carried by FADH2 have lower free energy and are added at a lower energy level t ...
... The last cytochrome of the chain, cyt a3, passes its electrons to oxygen, which is very electronegative. Each oxygen atom also picks up a pair of hydrogen ions from the aqueous solution to form water. The electrons carried by FADH2 have lower free energy and are added at a lower energy level t ...
Fermentation EnBio
... that they can switch between aerobic respiration and fermentation, depending on the availability of oxygen. Certain prokaryotes, like Clostridia bacteria, are obligate anaerobes. Obligate anaerobes live and grow in the absence of molecular oxygen. Oxygen is a poison to these microorganisms and kills ...
... that they can switch between aerobic respiration and fermentation, depending on the availability of oxygen. Certain prokaryotes, like Clostridia bacteria, are obligate anaerobes. Obligate anaerobes live and grow in the absence of molecular oxygen. Oxygen is a poison to these microorganisms and kills ...
Electron Spin and the Origin of Bio-homochirality I. Extant
... and the energy gap between them is so small that even very little thermal fluctuation can make them heterogeneous under natural conditions. In this hypothesis paper, therefore, the most critical step in the enzyme-catalytic amino acid synthesis is how a homogenous electron spin state forms. A better ...
... and the energy gap between them is so small that even very little thermal fluctuation can make them heterogeneous under natural conditions. In this hypothesis paper, therefore, the most critical step in the enzyme-catalytic amino acid synthesis is how a homogenous electron spin state forms. A better ...
Key area 2 * Cellular respiration
... cellular respiration that release the energy contained in food, by oxidation. 1. Glycolysis 2. The citric acid cycle 3. The electron transport chain ...
... cellular respiration that release the energy contained in food, by oxidation. 1. Glycolysis 2. The citric acid cycle 3. The electron transport chain ...
L03_MitoOx
... As the Hs move down the chain, protons are pumped from the matrix into the cytoplasm ...
... As the Hs move down the chain, protons are pumped from the matrix into the cytoplasm ...
Mitochondrial DNA
... – The high energy electrons are removed from NADH and FADH2, and passed through three protein complexes embedded in the inner membrane. – Each complex uses some of the electrons’ energy to pump H+ ions out of the matrix into the intermembrane space. – The final protein complex gives the electrons to ...
... – The high energy electrons are removed from NADH and FADH2, and passed through three protein complexes embedded in the inner membrane. – Each complex uses some of the electrons’ energy to pump H+ ions out of the matrix into the intermembrane space. – The final protein complex gives the electrons to ...
cellular respiration
... • It begins catabolism by breaking glucose into two molecules of pyruvate. ...
... • It begins catabolism by breaking glucose into two molecules of pyruvate. ...
(Semester VI) Paper 15: PLANT METABOLISM THEORY Unit 1
... photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls and accessory pigments), antenna molecules and reaction centres, photochemical reactions, photosynthetic electron transport, PSI, PSII, Q cycle, CO2 reduction, photorespiration, C4 pathways; Crassulacean acid metabolism; Factors affecting CO2 reduction. (13 lect ...
... photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls and accessory pigments), antenna molecules and reaction centres, photochemical reactions, photosynthetic electron transport, PSI, PSII, Q cycle, CO2 reduction, photorespiration, C4 pathways; Crassulacean acid metabolism; Factors affecting CO2 reduction. (13 lect ...
Cellular Respiration - LaPazColegioWiki2013-2014
... Controlled release of energy from organic compounds ...
... Controlled release of energy from organic compounds ...
Photosynthesis: dark reactions
... http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/Bio111/calvin.html ...
... http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/Bio111/calvin.html ...
Bioenergetics and High Energy Compounds
... • Small non-protein helpers of enzymes • Enzyme is not biologically active without the cofactor • Without the cofactor, the enzyme is known as the apo enzyme ...
... • Small non-protein helpers of enzymes • Enzyme is not biologically active without the cofactor • Without the cofactor, the enzyme is known as the apo enzyme ...
chapter 9 cellular respiration part 1
... 21. How many ATP are formed from one glucose molecule? 22. How many “net” ATP are formed in glycolysis (hint: some are used in the first part)? 23. Where do the NADH carry their extra electrons to (look back at the overview diagram)? 24. How many carbons are in each of the final pyruvate molecules? ...
... 21. How many ATP are formed from one glucose molecule? 22. How many “net” ATP are formed in glycolysis (hint: some are used in the first part)? 23. Where do the NADH carry their extra electrons to (look back at the overview diagram)? 24. How many carbons are in each of the final pyruvate molecules? ...
Ch6
... • Substance that loses electrons is oxidized • Substance that gains electrons is reduced • Electron-proton pair, or Transfer of electrons ...
... • Substance that loses electrons is oxidized • Substance that gains electrons is reduced • Electron-proton pair, or Transfer of electrons ...
Cellular Respiration
... Glycolysis is the breaking down of glucose from a 6 carbon molecule into two pyruvate molecules (3 carbons each). This produces a net gain of two ATP and two NADH molecules. Glycolysis occurs in the Cytoplasm of a cell. ...
... Glycolysis is the breaking down of glucose from a 6 carbon molecule into two pyruvate molecules (3 carbons each). This produces a net gain of two ATP and two NADH molecules. Glycolysis occurs in the Cytoplasm of a cell. ...
Chapter 6
... – Fatty acids converted to acetyl-CoA (乙輔酶A) through beta-oxidation – Glycerol can be converted to glycolysis intermediates (phosphoglyceraldehyde) in liver, but only limited in muscle – Glycerol is NOT an important direct muscle energy source during exercise ...
... – Fatty acids converted to acetyl-CoA (乙輔酶A) through beta-oxidation – Glycerol can be converted to glycolysis intermediates (phosphoglyceraldehyde) in liver, but only limited in muscle – Glycerol is NOT an important direct muscle energy source during exercise ...
supplementary material
... 1. Assays of the activities of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes. Complex I (rotenone-sensitive NADH dehydrogenase) activity was assayed at 340 nm using the electron acceptor 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-n-decyl-1,4-benzoquinone (0.1 mM) and 0.25 mM NADH as electron donor, in the presence of ...
... 1. Assays of the activities of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes. Complex I (rotenone-sensitive NADH dehydrogenase) activity was assayed at 340 nm using the electron acceptor 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-n-decyl-1,4-benzoquinone (0.1 mM) and 0.25 mM NADH as electron donor, in the presence of ...
Cellular Respiration
... Heart attack – blood can’t flow to pick up oxygen – without oxygen you can’t make ATP – you die Gunshot – If you are shot in the lungs they can’t bring in oxygen – without oxygen you can’t make ATP – you die Diabetes – Your cells can’t get glucose inside of them – If your cells can’t get gluc ...
... Heart attack – blood can’t flow to pick up oxygen – without oxygen you can’t make ATP – you die Gunshot – If you are shot in the lungs they can’t bring in oxygen – without oxygen you can’t make ATP – you die Diabetes – Your cells can’t get glucose inside of them – If your cells can’t get gluc ...
Guided Practice
... reaction is to form two energy storing compounds to power the next step. In the next part of photosynthesis, the ___________________________ reaction uses carbon atoms from _________________ ___________________ in the air, to produce ________________________. The two main products of photosynthesis ...
... reaction is to form two energy storing compounds to power the next step. In the next part of photosynthesis, the ___________________________ reaction uses carbon atoms from _________________ ___________________ in the air, to produce ________________________. The two main products of photosynthesis ...
doc Midterm 2001. Bio 201
... c) in E. coli, complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose yields 32 ATP d) for each molecule of glucose, conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA yields 2 NADH e) less energy is captured from oxidation of glucose carbons in glycolysis than from the beta oxidation of fatty acid carbons 22. How many c ...
... c) in E. coli, complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose yields 32 ATP d) for each molecule of glucose, conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA yields 2 NADH e) less energy is captured from oxidation of glucose carbons in glycolysis than from the beta oxidation of fatty acid carbons 22. How many c ...
Biology Ch. 6 Cellular Respiration Notes Glycolysis: “Glucose splits”
... The spent electrons are taken up by oxygen and, along with H +, make water. This explains our need for oxygen and the production of water in the equation. Many poisons exert their effect here. Potassium Cyanide (used in gas chamber during WWII), for example, blocks the passage of electrons to oxygen ...
... The spent electrons are taken up by oxygen and, along with H +, make water. This explains our need for oxygen and the production of water in the equation. Many poisons exert their effect here. Potassium Cyanide (used in gas chamber during WWII), for example, blocks the passage of electrons to oxygen ...
Electron transport chain
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis, or the generation of chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain is molecular oxygen.Electron transport chains are used for extracting energy via redox reactions from sunlight in photosynthesis or, such as in the case of the oxidation of sugars, cellular respiration. In eukaryotes, an important electron transport chain is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it serves as the site of oxidative phosphorylation through the use of ATP synthase. It is also found in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast in photosynthetic eukaryotes. In bacteria, the electron transport chain is located in their cell membrane.In chloroplasts, light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP+ to NADPH with transfer of H+ ions across chloroplast membranes. In mitochondria, it is the conversion of oxygen to water, NADH to NAD+ and succinate to fumarate that are required to generate the proton gradient. Electron transport chains are major sites of premature electron leakage to oxygen, generating superoxide and potentially resulting in increased oxidative stress.