HONORS BIOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2016
... 36. Write the complete balanced chemical equation for cellular respiration. 37. List the three steps of cellular respiration and identify where each step occurs. 38. Describe and explain glycolysis, including where it occurs, reactants and products, and energy inputs and outputs. 39. Describe and ex ...
... 36. Write the complete balanced chemical equation for cellular respiration. 37. List the three steps of cellular respiration and identify where each step occurs. 38. Describe and explain glycolysis, including where it occurs, reactants and products, and energy inputs and outputs. 39. Describe and ex ...
Free radicals and antioxidants
... Particals, which are not free Free radicals radicals nitrogen(II) oxide, NO . ...
... Particals, which are not free Free radicals radicals nitrogen(II) oxide, NO . ...
Chocolate Wasted 40 Answer
... C3 plants—use O2 instead of CO2 resulting in 3 less C at the end of Calvin C4 plants—create oxaloacetate (4 C molecule) as intermediate to pyruvate ...
... C3 plants—use O2 instead of CO2 resulting in 3 less C at the end of Calvin C4 plants—create oxaloacetate (4 C molecule) as intermediate to pyruvate ...
Chocolate Wasted 40 Answer
... ethanol and lactic acid pull electrons and H+ off NADH and FADH to allow them to recirculate through glycolysis and make more ATP ...
... ethanol and lactic acid pull electrons and H+ off NADH and FADH to allow them to recirculate through glycolysis and make more ATP ...
AKA TCA CYCLE, KREB`S CYCLE
... Note that hormones can activate PDH by increasing Ca++ release into the cytosol and/or mitos REACTIONS OF THE TCA CYCLE •cyclic process involving participation of 8 enzymes •all localized in the mitochondria ...
... Note that hormones can activate PDH by increasing Ca++ release into the cytosol and/or mitos REACTIONS OF THE TCA CYCLE •cyclic process involving participation of 8 enzymes •all localized in the mitochondria ...
... #1. How do cells use metabolic pathways to provide energy? ATP, Enzymes and Buffers A. I can list the basic components of an ATP molecule and draw them properly connected. I can demonstrate how an ATP molecule (serves as an energy shuttle in the cell. / is made and broken down for energy.) b. I can ...
... #1. How do cells use metabolic pathways to provide energy? ATP, Enzymes and Buffers A. I can list the basic components of an ATP molecule and draw them properly connected. I can demonstrate how an ATP molecule (serves as an energy shuttle in the cell. / is made and broken down for energy.) b. I can ...
Chapters11-Glycolysis-2014
... In hard-working muscle, sometimes we can’t provide O2 fast enough so pyruvate is quickly reduced to L-lactate to keep ...
... In hard-working muscle, sometimes we can’t provide O2 fast enough so pyruvate is quickly reduced to L-lactate to keep ...
Fundamentals: Bioenergetics and Enzyme Function
... 11. What would the pH be like between the two mitochondrial membranes? Apart from oxidative phosphorylation, what else might this proton gradient be used for (Think !! I did not directly cover this in class, but you have all the necessary information somewhere in your grey matter). 12. Order the fol ...
... 11. What would the pH be like between the two mitochondrial membranes? Apart from oxidative phosphorylation, what else might this proton gradient be used for (Think !! I did not directly cover this in class, but you have all the necessary information somewhere in your grey matter). 12. Order the fol ...
1 - Medical Mastermind Community
... had not eaten for the last two days, due to a mild infection. Blood glucose and ketone body levels were found to be abnormally low, while circulating non-esterified fatty acids were greatly elevated. An abnormality in which one of the following enzymes is most ...
... had not eaten for the last two days, due to a mild infection. Blood glucose and ketone body levels were found to be abnormally low, while circulating non-esterified fatty acids were greatly elevated. An abnormality in which one of the following enzymes is most ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... CELLULAR RESPIRATION Energy-Releasing Pathways Anaerobic Definition Energy exchange occurring in the cell cytoplasm that does not use oxygen as the final electron acceptor. Aerobic Definition Energy exchange occurring in the mitochondria using oxygen as the final electron acceptor. ...
... CELLULAR RESPIRATION Energy-Releasing Pathways Anaerobic Definition Energy exchange occurring in the cell cytoplasm that does not use oxygen as the final electron acceptor. Aerobic Definition Energy exchange occurring in the mitochondria using oxygen as the final electron acceptor. ...
Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate
... Only about 7 % of the total potential energy present in glucose is released in glycolysis. ...
... Only about 7 % of the total potential energy present in glucose is released in glycolysis. ...
Redox (short for reduction–oxidation reaction) is a
... The processes of oxidation and reduction occur simultaneously and cannot happen independently of one another, similar to the acid–base reaction.[2] The oxidation alone and the reduction alone are each called a half-reaction, because two half-reactions always occur together to form a whole reaction. ...
... The processes of oxidation and reduction occur simultaneously and cannot happen independently of one another, similar to the acid–base reaction.[2] The oxidation alone and the reduction alone are each called a half-reaction, because two half-reactions always occur together to form a whole reaction. ...
THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE
... - the very material that had become abundant in their environment - oxygen. Their method involved stripping H atoms, two at a time, from what had originally been a food molecule, like glucose. The H atom electrons were passed to the oxidised form of a co-reactant, like NAD+ or FAD. (The reduced co-r ...
... - the very material that had become abundant in their environment - oxygen. Their method involved stripping H atoms, two at a time, from what had originally been a food molecule, like glucose. The H atom electrons were passed to the oxidised form of a co-reactant, like NAD+ or FAD. (The reduced co-r ...
Lecture_6_TCA_Cycle
... Acetyl CoA is the fuel for the citric acid cycle, which processes the two carbon acetyl unit to two molecules of CO2 while generating high-energy electrons that can be used to form ATP. ...
... Acetyl CoA is the fuel for the citric acid cycle, which processes the two carbon acetyl unit to two molecules of CO2 while generating high-energy electrons that can be used to form ATP. ...
Microbial Metabolism
... catabolic reactions are coupled to ATP synthesis. This concept of coupled reactions is very important; you will see why by the end of this chapter. For now, you should know that the chemical composition of a living cell is constantly changing: some molecules are broken down while others are being sy ...
... catabolic reactions are coupled to ATP synthesis. This concept of coupled reactions is very important; you will see why by the end of this chapter. For now, you should know that the chemical composition of a living cell is constantly changing: some molecules are broken down while others are being sy ...
01 - ALCA
... Remember that oxygen HAS TO BE AVAILBALE for Pyruvic acid to loose a carbon. After about 15-20 seconds of activity (depending on how ‘in shape’ the person is), oxygen is depleted and is no longer there to accept the carbon. What does Pyruvic acid do if no oxygen is around? It gives up! It becomes a ...
... Remember that oxygen HAS TO BE AVAILBALE for Pyruvic acid to loose a carbon. After about 15-20 seconds of activity (depending on how ‘in shape’ the person is), oxygen is depleted and is no longer there to accept the carbon. What does Pyruvic acid do if no oxygen is around? It gives up! It becomes a ...
Chapter 9
... • NADH, the reduced form of NAD+ – Passes the electrons to the electron transport chain or system (ETC also known as the ETS) in the Mitochondria Intermembrane space ...
... • NADH, the reduced form of NAD+ – Passes the electrons to the electron transport chain or system (ETC also known as the ETS) in the Mitochondria Intermembrane space ...
video slide - Buena Park High School
... • NADH and FADH2 – Donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation ...
... • NADH and FADH2 – Donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation ...
Key enzymes in glycolysis
... Pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency leads to a reduced rate of glycolysis with decreased ATP production. PK deficiency effect is restricted RBCs. As RBCs has no mitochondria & so get ATP only from glycolysis. RBCs needs ATP mainly for maintaining the bio- concave flexible shape of the cell. PK deficienc ...
... Pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency leads to a reduced rate of glycolysis with decreased ATP production. PK deficiency effect is restricted RBCs. As RBCs has no mitochondria & so get ATP only from glycolysis. RBCs needs ATP mainly for maintaining the bio- concave flexible shape of the cell. PK deficienc ...
Glycolysis
... Pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency leads to a reduced rate of glycolysis with decreased ATP production. PK deficiency effect is restricted RBCs. As RBCs has no mitochondria & so get ATP only from glycolysis. RBCs needs ATP mainly for maintaining the bio- concave flexible shape of the cell. PK deficienc ...
... Pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency leads to a reduced rate of glycolysis with decreased ATP production. PK deficiency effect is restricted RBCs. As RBCs has no mitochondria & so get ATP only from glycolysis. RBCs needs ATP mainly for maintaining the bio- concave flexible shape of the cell. PK deficienc ...
Electron transport chain
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis, or the generation of chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain is molecular oxygen.Electron transport chains are used for extracting energy via redox reactions from sunlight in photosynthesis or, such as in the case of the oxidation of sugars, cellular respiration. In eukaryotes, an important electron transport chain is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it serves as the site of oxidative phosphorylation through the use of ATP synthase. It is also found in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast in photosynthetic eukaryotes. In bacteria, the electron transport chain is located in their cell membrane.In chloroplasts, light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP+ to NADPH with transfer of H+ ions across chloroplast membranes. In mitochondria, it is the conversion of oxygen to water, NADH to NAD+ and succinate to fumarate that are required to generate the proton gradient. Electron transport chains are major sites of premature electron leakage to oxygen, generating superoxide and potentially resulting in increased oxidative stress.