Hexokinase
... Aerobic or anaerobic? • NADH must be recycled to NAD+ – If O2 is available, NADH is re-oxidized in the electron transport pathway, making ATP in oxidative phosphorylation (chapter 20) – In anaerobic conditions, NADH is re-oxidized by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), providing additional NAD+ for more gl ...
... Aerobic or anaerobic? • NADH must be recycled to NAD+ – If O2 is available, NADH is re-oxidized in the electron transport pathway, making ATP in oxidative phosphorylation (chapter 20) – In anaerobic conditions, NADH is re-oxidized by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), providing additional NAD+ for more gl ...
File
... B) cyanide is an electron transport blocker, while dinitrophenol makes the membrane of the mitochondrion leaky to H+ ions. C) cyanide makes the membrane of mitochondria leaky to H+ ions and prevents a concentration gradient from building up, while dinitrophenol blocks the passage of electrons throug ...
... B) cyanide is an electron transport blocker, while dinitrophenol makes the membrane of the mitochondrion leaky to H+ ions. C) cyanide makes the membrane of mitochondria leaky to H+ ions and prevents a concentration gradient from building up, while dinitrophenol blocks the passage of electrons throug ...
Second Half of Glycolysis
... their metabolism. The process does not use oxygen and is therefore anaerobic. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Glucose enters heterotrophic cells in two ways. One method is through secondary active transport in which the transport takes place against ...
... their metabolism. The process does not use oxygen and is therefore anaerobic. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Glucose enters heterotrophic cells in two ways. One method is through secondary active transport in which the transport takes place against ...
BCHM 463 Supplemental Problems for Friday, April 2, 2004 1. Write
... 2. During glycolysis, how many ADP molecules are converted to ATP. Explain this answer with regard to your answer to #1. 4 ADP molecules are converted into ATP. There is a net gain of only 2 ATP molecules because 2 are consumed during the first stage of glycolysis. 3. What are the three metabolicall ...
... 2. During glycolysis, how many ADP molecules are converted to ATP. Explain this answer with regard to your answer to #1. 4 ADP molecules are converted into ATP. There is a net gain of only 2 ATP molecules because 2 are consumed during the first stage of glycolysis. 3. What are the three metabolicall ...
05 Fermentations 2008
... • when supplied with porphyrins → they form cytochromes !?! (indicating that they were originally aerobic organisms that have lost the capacity of respiration, metabolic cripples) ...
... • when supplied with porphyrins → they form cytochromes !?! (indicating that they were originally aerobic organisms that have lost the capacity of respiration, metabolic cripples) ...
Anaerobic-and-Aerobic
... atmosphere. This type of respiration is useful today because the atmosphere is now 21% oxygen. However, some anaerobic organisms that evolved before the atmosphere contained oxygen have survived to the present. Therefore, anaerobic respiration, which takes place without oxygen, must also have advant ...
... atmosphere. This type of respiration is useful today because the atmosphere is now 21% oxygen. However, some anaerobic organisms that evolved before the atmosphere contained oxygen have survived to the present. Therefore, anaerobic respiration, which takes place without oxygen, must also have advant ...
Teaching Active Transport At the Turn of the Twenty
... per n (2 in our case) number of calcium ions transported per cycle. K aCaEP and K b CaEP are the association constants of the enzyme for Ca+2 in the ground state and following activation by ATP. With reference to the reaction scheme given above, the two relevant constants are K 1 and 1/K 5 . Correct ...
... per n (2 in our case) number of calcium ions transported per cycle. K aCaEP and K b CaEP are the association constants of the enzyme for Ca+2 in the ground state and following activation by ATP. With reference to the reaction scheme given above, the two relevant constants are K 1 and 1/K 5 . Correct ...
2nd Phase of Glycolysis
... The rate of ATP formation in anaerobic glycolysis is 100 times faster than ATP production by oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria. When tissues are rapidly consuming ATP, they generate it almost entirely by anaerobic glycolysis. Two type of muscle fibers Fast twitch and Slow twitch. Fast-tw ...
... The rate of ATP formation in anaerobic glycolysis is 100 times faster than ATP production by oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria. When tissues are rapidly consuming ATP, they generate it almost entirely by anaerobic glycolysis. Two type of muscle fibers Fast twitch and Slow twitch. Fast-tw ...
Exercise Physiology Study Guide-Test 1 History of Exercise
... Glycogen concentration can be greatly increased by training and diet Can be the sole source of energy during heavy exercise Disadvantages: Stored with a lot of water (reduces caloric value of storage form) Small amount of glycogen stored Accumulation of lactate with anaerobic use of glyc ...
... Glycogen concentration can be greatly increased by training and diet Can be the sole source of energy during heavy exercise Disadvantages: Stored with a lot of water (reduces caloric value of storage form) Small amount of glycogen stored Accumulation of lactate with anaerobic use of glyc ...
Cellular Pathways that Harvest Chemical Energy
... partly germinated and then mashed up barley seeds, stored under the right conditions, could produce a potent and pleasant alcoholic beverage. Beer making spread to Egypt, and was so important in that ancient civilization that the hieroglyphic symbol for food was a pitcher of beer and a loaf of bread ...
... partly germinated and then mashed up barley seeds, stored under the right conditions, could produce a potent and pleasant alcoholic beverage. Beer making spread to Egypt, and was so important in that ancient civilization that the hieroglyphic symbol for food was a pitcher of beer and a loaf of bread ...
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex (PDC)
... 2. Transaldolase and transketolase convert excess R5P into glycolytic intermediates when NADPH needs are higher than the need for nucleotide biosynthesis. 3. GAP and F6P can be consumed through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. 4. Can also be used for gluconeogenesis to form G6P 5. 1 molecul ...
... 2. Transaldolase and transketolase convert excess R5P into glycolytic intermediates when NADPH needs are higher than the need for nucleotide biosynthesis. 3. GAP and F6P can be consumed through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. 4. Can also be used for gluconeogenesis to form G6P 5. 1 molecul ...
cellular respiration jeopardy
... Enzyme that spins as H+ ions pass through and produces ATP A: What is ATP synthase ? S2C06 Jeopardy Review ...
... Enzyme that spins as H+ ions pass through and produces ATP A: What is ATP synthase ? S2C06 Jeopardy Review ...
Electron transport chain
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis, or the generation of chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain is molecular oxygen.Electron transport chains are used for extracting energy via redox reactions from sunlight in photosynthesis or, such as in the case of the oxidation of sugars, cellular respiration. In eukaryotes, an important electron transport chain is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it serves as the site of oxidative phosphorylation through the use of ATP synthase. It is also found in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast in photosynthetic eukaryotes. In bacteria, the electron transport chain is located in their cell membrane.In chloroplasts, light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP+ to NADPH with transfer of H+ ions across chloroplast membranes. In mitochondria, it is the conversion of oxygen to water, NADH to NAD+ and succinate to fumarate that are required to generate the proton gradient. Electron transport chains are major sites of premature electron leakage to oxygen, generating superoxide and potentially resulting in increased oxidative stress.