Chem*3560 Lecture 15: Gluconeogenesis
... Gluconeogenesis is the synthesis of "new" glucose in the cytoplasm, and is undertaken when there is little demand for energy, and unused substrate is available. The liver is the major organ responsible responsible for gluconeogenesis in animals, and may take up lactate or amino acids from blood as a ...
... Gluconeogenesis is the synthesis of "new" glucose in the cytoplasm, and is undertaken when there is little demand for energy, and unused substrate is available. The liver is the major organ responsible responsible for gluconeogenesis in animals, and may take up lactate or amino acids from blood as a ...
Enzymes and Metabolism - hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca
... Are transported by coenzymes NADH and FADH2 Enter a chain of proteinsAt the end of chain combine with molecular oxygen to form water Release energy The energy released is harnessed to make a H+ gradient which allows attachment of inorganic phosphate groups (Pi) to ADP, making ATP by oxidativ ...
... Are transported by coenzymes NADH and FADH2 Enter a chain of proteinsAt the end of chain combine with molecular oxygen to form water Release energy The energy released is harnessed to make a H+ gradient which allows attachment of inorganic phosphate groups (Pi) to ADP, making ATP by oxidativ ...
Bioenergetics and Metabolism
... completely oxidized by the citrate cycle to generate CO2, whereas, under anaerobic (lacking O2) conditions, it is either converted to lactate, or to ethanol + CO2 (fermentation). ...
... completely oxidized by the citrate cycle to generate CO2, whereas, under anaerobic (lacking O2) conditions, it is either converted to lactate, or to ethanol + CO2 (fermentation). ...
Glycolysis
... Oxidative Fate of NADH Produced from Glycolysis The NADH produced from glycolysis must be continuously reoxidized back to NAD+ to provide an electron acceptor for the glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase reaction. If NADH is not reoxidized to NAD+ glycolysis will stop due to the shortage of NAD+ Withou ...
... Oxidative Fate of NADH Produced from Glycolysis The NADH produced from glycolysis must be continuously reoxidized back to NAD+ to provide an electron acceptor for the glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase reaction. If NADH is not reoxidized to NAD+ glycolysis will stop due to the shortage of NAD+ Withou ...
transmission electron microscopy and computer-aided
... in the first stage, and Fourier synthesis in the second stage. To be discussed further below, Fourier image analysis is a powerful method, as it separates the processing of TEM imaging into two stages, where the transform may be manipulated and back-transformed similarly in the second stage to gener ...
... in the first stage, and Fourier synthesis in the second stage. To be discussed further below, Fourier image analysis is a powerful method, as it separates the processing of TEM imaging into two stages, where the transform may be manipulated and back-transformed similarly in the second stage to gener ...
Chapter 14 Glycolysis Glucose 2 Pyruvate → → → 2 Lactate (sent to
... → Under aerobic conditions, the electrons from the NADH produced in this step must be shuttled into the mitochondria using either the malate aspartate shuttle system or the α-glycerol phosphate shuttle system. The use of the shuttle systems result in NAD+ left in the cytosol and NADH (or FADH2 depen ...
... → Under aerobic conditions, the electrons from the NADH produced in this step must be shuttled into the mitochondria using either the malate aspartate shuttle system or the α-glycerol phosphate shuttle system. The use of the shuttle systems result in NAD+ left in the cytosol and NADH (or FADH2 depen ...
Cell Respiration
... • only about 2% of the energy available from the oxidation of glucose is captured as ATP • energy originally contained in glucose is still held in pyruvic acid ...
... • only about 2% of the energy available from the oxidation of glucose is captured as ATP • energy originally contained in glucose is still held in pyruvic acid ...
Structure of mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier in complex with
... stabilized by atractylosides, the second by bongkrekic acid. It is now generally accepted that the functional carrier unit is a dimer. This was deduced from the oligomeric state of the CATR-inhibited carrier, which is a dimer with one CATR per dimer23,24. The structures at atomic resolution of sever ...
... stabilized by atractylosides, the second by bongkrekic acid. It is now generally accepted that the functional carrier unit is a dimer. This was deduced from the oligomeric state of the CATR-inhibited carrier, which is a dimer with one CATR per dimer23,24. The structures at atomic resolution of sever ...
SC.912.L.18.8 - Identify the reactants, products, and basic functions
... This Khan Academy video explains how ATP is generated in the electron transport chain through the process of Oxidative Phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation and chemiosmosis. It also explains the differences between oxidative phosphorylation and Chemiosmosis: substrate level phosphorylation. ...
... This Khan Academy video explains how ATP is generated in the electron transport chain through the process of Oxidative Phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation and chemiosmosis. It also explains the differences between oxidative phosphorylation and Chemiosmosis: substrate level phosphorylation. ...
Chapt 8 Energetics notes - Kasson
... • During lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced directly by NADH to form lactate (ionized form of lactic acid). – Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt. – Your muscle cells switch from aerobic respiration to lactic acid fermentation to generate ...
... • During lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced directly by NADH to form lactate (ionized form of lactic acid). – Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt. – Your muscle cells switch from aerobic respiration to lactic acid fermentation to generate ...
10B-Oxidation and Ketone bodies
... degradation are bonded to CoA) 3-the growing F.A is elongated by sequential addition of 2-carbon units. 4-the reductant in fatty acid synthesis is NADPH, while the oxidant in F.A degradation are NAD+, FAD 5-elongation of F.A is stopped at C16 and further elongation or insertion of double bonds are c ...
... degradation are bonded to CoA) 3-the growing F.A is elongated by sequential addition of 2-carbon units. 4-the reductant in fatty acid synthesis is NADPH, while the oxidant in F.A degradation are NAD+, FAD 5-elongation of F.A is stopped at C16 and further elongation or insertion of double bonds are c ...
TCA
... Production of acetyl-CoA (e.g., during glycolysis and the bridging reaction) Oxidation of acetyl-CoA via the citric acid cycle Electon transport and oxidative phosphorylation to produce lots of ATP Fig 16-1 ...
... Production of acetyl-CoA (e.g., during glycolysis and the bridging reaction) Oxidation of acetyl-CoA via the citric acid cycle Electon transport and oxidative phosphorylation to produce lots of ATP Fig 16-1 ...
Key area 2 * Cellular respiration
... Each acetyl CoA (2C) combines with oxaloacetate (4C) to form a molecule called citrate (6C). Citrate then goes through a series of enzymecatalysed reactions back to oxaloacetate. As each carbon is lost from the citrate molecule a carbon dioxide molecule and hydrogen ions are released CFE Higher Biol ...
... Each acetyl CoA (2C) combines with oxaloacetate (4C) to form a molecule called citrate (6C). Citrate then goes through a series of enzymecatalysed reactions back to oxaloacetate. As each carbon is lost from the citrate molecule a carbon dioxide molecule and hydrogen ions are released CFE Higher Biol ...
Exam Procedures: this isBMB 514 Exam #2 10/8/12 this is form A
... Page 2 of this exam contains information that may be useful to you: (a) abbreviations for the amino acids; (b) pKa values of functional groups; and (c) table of logarithms. Read each question very carefully. Choose the single, best answer and mark this answer on your answer sheet. No points will ...
... Page 2 of this exam contains information that may be useful to you: (a) abbreviations for the amino acids; (b) pKa values of functional groups; and (c) table of logarithms. Read each question very carefully. Choose the single, best answer and mark this answer on your answer sheet. No points will ...
2, The Glyoxylate Pathway
... • When the need for NADPH exceeds that of R5P in nucleotide biosynthesis, excess R5P is converted to glycolytic intermediates. GAP and F6P are consumed through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation or recycled by gluconeogenesis to form G6P. In the latter case, 1 G6P can be converted, via 6 cycle ...
... • When the need for NADPH exceeds that of R5P in nucleotide biosynthesis, excess R5P is converted to glycolytic intermediates. GAP and F6P are consumed through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation or recycled by gluconeogenesis to form G6P. In the latter case, 1 G6P can be converted, via 6 cycle ...
Document
... • When the need for NADPH exceeds that of R5P in nucleotide biosynthesis, excess R5P is converted to glycolytic intermediates. GAP and F6P are consumed through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation or recycled by gluconeogenesis to form G6P. In the latter case, 1 G6P can be converted, via 6 cycle ...
... • When the need for NADPH exceeds that of R5P in nucleotide biosynthesis, excess R5P is converted to glycolytic intermediates. GAP and F6P are consumed through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation or recycled by gluconeogenesis to form G6P. In the latter case, 1 G6P can be converted, via 6 cycle ...
Word
... Page 2 of this exam contains information that may be useful to you: (a) abbreviations for the amino acids; (b) pKa values of functional groups; and (c) table of logarithms. Read each question very carefully. Choose the single, best answer and mark this answer on your answer sheet. No points will ...
... Page 2 of this exam contains information that may be useful to you: (a) abbreviations for the amino acids; (b) pKa values of functional groups; and (c) table of logarithms. Read each question very carefully. Choose the single, best answer and mark this answer on your answer sheet. No points will ...
3-energy
... other compounds with ~ bonds. If ATP would rapidly hydrolyze in the absence of a catalyst, it could not serve its important roles in energy metabolism and phosphate transfer. Phosphate is removed from ATP only when the reaction is coupled via enzyme catalysis to some other reaction useful to the cel ...
... other compounds with ~ bonds. If ATP would rapidly hydrolyze in the absence of a catalyst, it could not serve its important roles in energy metabolism and phosphate transfer. Phosphate is removed from ATP only when the reaction is coupled via enzyme catalysis to some other reaction useful to the cel ...
Chem 7250 #1
... other compounds with ~ bonds. If ATP would rapidly hydrolyze in the absence of a catalyst, it could not serve its important roles in energy metabolism and phosphate transfer. Phosphate is removed from ATP only when the reaction is coupled via enzyme catalysis to some other reaction useful to the cel ...
... other compounds with ~ bonds. If ATP would rapidly hydrolyze in the absence of a catalyst, it could not serve its important roles in energy metabolism and phosphate transfer. Phosphate is removed from ATP only when the reaction is coupled via enzyme catalysis to some other reaction useful to the cel ...
video slide - Green River Community College
... – Has doubled or tripled the life span of house flies if he restricts there movement and hence the amount of oxygen they consume. – Gene therapy can be used to increase longevity by introducing genes that encode the enzymes the SOD (superoxide dismutase) and ...
... – Has doubled or tripled the life span of house flies if he restricts there movement and hence the amount of oxygen they consume. – Gene therapy can be used to increase longevity by introducing genes that encode the enzymes the SOD (superoxide dismutase) and ...
reaction
... combine oxidations and decarboxylations to dispose of two carbon atoms that came from oxaloacetic acid. The carbons are released as CO2, and the oxidations generate NADH from NAD+. During the second oxidation (step 4), CoA is added into the cycle, forming the compound succinyl CoA. ...
... combine oxidations and decarboxylations to dispose of two carbon atoms that came from oxaloacetic acid. The carbons are released as CO2, and the oxidations generate NADH from NAD+. During the second oxidation (step 4), CoA is added into the cycle, forming the compound succinyl CoA. ...
檔案下載
... Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase I (PDKI) : Associated with the transacetylase component (E2) In some tissue, the phosphatase is regulated by hormones (14.1) In liver, epinephrine binds to the adrenergic receptor initiate the phosphatidylinositol ...
... Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase I (PDKI) : Associated with the transacetylase component (E2) In some tissue, the phosphatase is regulated by hormones (14.1) In liver, epinephrine binds to the adrenergic receptor initiate the phosphatidylinositol ...
Electron transport chain
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis, or the generation of chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain is molecular oxygen.Electron transport chains are used for extracting energy via redox reactions from sunlight in photosynthesis or, such as in the case of the oxidation of sugars, cellular respiration. In eukaryotes, an important electron transport chain is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it serves as the site of oxidative phosphorylation through the use of ATP synthase. It is also found in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast in photosynthetic eukaryotes. In bacteria, the electron transport chain is located in their cell membrane.In chloroplasts, light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP+ to NADPH with transfer of H+ ions across chloroplast membranes. In mitochondria, it is the conversion of oxygen to water, NADH to NAD+ and succinate to fumarate that are required to generate the proton gradient. Electron transport chains are major sites of premature electron leakage to oxygen, generating superoxide and potentially resulting in increased oxidative stress.