Lesson 4.4 Anaerobic Respiration version 2
... • Human cells do this by converting pyruvate to lactate. This reaction uses reduced NAD by oxidising it to NAD once more. • NAD is now available again to accept electrons and protons so glycolysis continues. • If NAD is not regenerated, even glycolysis would have to stop, because there would be no o ...
... • Human cells do this by converting pyruvate to lactate. This reaction uses reduced NAD by oxidising it to NAD once more. • NAD is now available again to accept electrons and protons so glycolysis continues. • If NAD is not regenerated, even glycolysis would have to stop, because there would be no o ...
Slide 1
... 3. Not much, but enough to keep the muscle functioning if it fails to receive sufficient oxygen to meet its ATP needs by respiration. 4. However, this source is ________ and eventually the muscle must depend on cellular respiration. ...
... 3. Not much, but enough to keep the muscle functioning if it fails to receive sufficient oxygen to meet its ATP needs by respiration. 4. However, this source is ________ and eventually the muscle must depend on cellular respiration. ...
Computational Study of protonation of ozone
... of ozone is 0.69 D; dipole moment of the structure Ia is 11.84D, structure Ib 12.08D, structure Ic 9.89 D, the structure Id 1.39D. The third and fourth minima are structures of protonated ozone in which the proton is coordinated to the second oxygen atom of ozone (structure Ib) and all three atoms o ...
... of ozone is 0.69 D; dipole moment of the structure Ia is 11.84D, structure Ib 12.08D, structure Ic 9.89 D, the structure Id 1.39D. The third and fourth minima are structures of protonated ozone in which the proton is coordinated to the second oxygen atom of ozone (structure Ib) and all three atoms o ...
Time course of differential mitochondrial energy metabolism
... In the heart, mitochondria provide, through oxidative phosphorylation, more than 95% of the energy supply in the form of ATP. In the course of oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred through the respiratory enzymatic complexes of the mitochondrial inner membrane, thus releasing energy u ...
... In the heart, mitochondria provide, through oxidative phosphorylation, more than 95% of the energy supply in the form of ATP. In the course of oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred through the respiratory enzymatic complexes of the mitochondrial inner membrane, thus releasing energy u ...
PPT
... process influences pathogenesis most The bioavailability of reducing molecules in the human brain in the doses used in animal models The effective targeting of such molecules to the mitochondria in human brain Several different producers of oxidative stress in each disease (need to be targeted ...
... process influences pathogenesis most The bioavailability of reducing molecules in the human brain in the doses used in animal models The effective targeting of such molecules to the mitochondria in human brain Several different producers of oxidative stress in each disease (need to be targeted ...
Carbohydrate Synthesis 1. Photosynthesis
... character and low pH inside the vesicle and a region of negatively charged electrical character and high pH in the stroma. In other words, an energized state is created which can be dissipated by the flow of protons across the membrane. 4 protons are generated at the OEC and another 8 protons are pu ...
... character and low pH inside the vesicle and a region of negatively charged electrical character and high pH in the stroma. In other words, an energized state is created which can be dissipated by the flow of protons across the membrane. 4 protons are generated at the OEC and another 8 protons are pu ...
What are the 3 components of ATP?
... ________ are inorganic molecules that can activate an enzyme. ...
... ________ are inorganic molecules that can activate an enzyme. ...
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[j26]Chapter 5#
... ___ 13. Anaerobic respiration (or lactic acid fermentation) yields a net gain of two ATP molecules. ___ 14. Anaerobic respiration (or lactic acid fermentation) in the cell does not require the presence of oxygen in the conversion of one glucose molecule to two molecules of lactic acid. ___ 15. It is ...
... ___ 13. Anaerobic respiration (or lactic acid fermentation) yields a net gain of two ATP molecules. ___ 14. Anaerobic respiration (or lactic acid fermentation) in the cell does not require the presence of oxygen in the conversion of one glucose molecule to two molecules of lactic acid. ___ 15. It is ...
Fatty Acid Catabolism
... B) Fatty acyl CoA. C) Acetoacetyl CoA. D) Lysophospholipid CoA. 2. There are four steps in the β‐oxidation pathway. Some reaction types are listed below. Give the proper reaction types in the order that they occur in the β‐oxidation pathway. 1. Condensation 2. Oxidation 3. Reduction 4. Thiolysi ...
... B) Fatty acyl CoA. C) Acetoacetyl CoA. D) Lysophospholipid CoA. 2. There are four steps in the β‐oxidation pathway. Some reaction types are listed below. Give the proper reaction types in the order that they occur in the β‐oxidation pathway. 1. Condensation 2. Oxidation 3. Reduction 4. Thiolysi ...
1 acetyl CoA - WordPress.com
... named after Hans Krebs who was largely responsible for elucidating its pathways in the 1930s. ...
... named after Hans Krebs who was largely responsible for elucidating its pathways in the 1930s. ...
Chapter Fourteen: Metabolism: Basic Concepts and
... 38. How much ATP is used daily by a typical human? How is it regenerated? Answer: A human uses 40 kg of ATP per day. There is only about 100 g ATP available, thus the ATP is used and regenerated rapidly. ATP is regenerated from ADP and Pi, using the energy from catabolic processes. 39. What is an io ...
... 38. How much ATP is used daily by a typical human? How is it regenerated? Answer: A human uses 40 kg of ATP per day. There is only about 100 g ATP available, thus the ATP is used and regenerated rapidly. ATP is regenerated from ADP and Pi, using the energy from catabolic processes. 39. What is an io ...
PP - Chemistry Courses: About
... • A liver biopsy of a four-year old boy indicated that the F-1,6-Bpase enzyme activity was 20% normal. The patient’s blood glucose levels were normal at the beginning of a fast, but then decreased suddenly. Pyruvate and alanine concentrations were also elevated, as was the glyceraldehyde/DHAP ratio. ...
... • A liver biopsy of a four-year old boy indicated that the F-1,6-Bpase enzyme activity was 20% normal. The patient’s blood glucose levels were normal at the beginning of a fast, but then decreased suddenly. Pyruvate and alanine concentrations were also elevated, as was the glyceraldehyde/DHAP ratio. ...
8.3 What Happens During Cellular Respiration?
... During the second stage of cellular respiration, high-energy electrons travel through the electron transport chain (continued) – The buildup of H in the intermembrane space is used to generate ATP during chemiosmosis – At the end of the ETC, the energy-depleted electrons are transferred to oxygen ...
... During the second stage of cellular respiration, high-energy electrons travel through the electron transport chain (continued) – The buildup of H in the intermembrane space is used to generate ATP during chemiosmosis – At the end of the ETC, the energy-depleted electrons are transferred to oxygen ...
Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
... Products of Glycolysis • 2 Pyruvic Acids (a 3C acid) • 4 ATP ...
... Products of Glycolysis • 2 Pyruvic Acids (a 3C acid) • 4 ATP ...
Document
... molecule; H+ (protons) are released, along with CO2 is released. The His and Asp amino acids are changed, which were close together, are now spread apart. In the second box, representing tissues: oxygen is leaving as the BPG enters the cavity; the H+ (protons) with protonate the His side chain givin ...
... molecule; H+ (protons) are released, along with CO2 is released. The His and Asp amino acids are changed, which were close together, are now spread apart. In the second box, representing tissues: oxygen is leaving as the BPG enters the cavity; the H+ (protons) with protonate the His side chain givin ...
cellrespiration power pointtext
... • NADH and FADH2 – Donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation ...
... • NADH and FADH2 – Donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation ...
Bioenergetics of Exercise and Training
... GTP; see section B.5.a. for more details on substrate level phosphorylation) ...
... GTP; see section B.5.a. for more details on substrate level phosphorylation) ...
Electron transport chain
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis, or the generation of chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain is molecular oxygen.Electron transport chains are used for extracting energy via redox reactions from sunlight in photosynthesis or, such as in the case of the oxidation of sugars, cellular respiration. In eukaryotes, an important electron transport chain is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it serves as the site of oxidative phosphorylation through the use of ATP synthase. It is also found in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast in photosynthetic eukaryotes. In bacteria, the electron transport chain is located in their cell membrane.In chloroplasts, light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP+ to NADPH with transfer of H+ ions across chloroplast membranes. In mitochondria, it is the conversion of oxygen to water, NADH to NAD+ and succinate to fumarate that are required to generate the proton gradient. Electron transport chains are major sites of premature electron leakage to oxygen, generating superoxide and potentially resulting in increased oxidative stress.