Sampathkumar-2011-Live Cell Imaging Re - Max
... between the actin and MT cytoskeletons in that alteration of actin assembly or turnover, as perturbed by jasplakinolide, was correlated with loss of MT organization, and stabilized AFs were found to align with and move along MTs. Cortical AFs Transiently Coalign with MTs The alignment between fragme ...
... between the actin and MT cytoskeletons in that alteration of actin assembly or turnover, as perturbed by jasplakinolide, was correlated with loss of MT organization, and stabilized AFs were found to align with and move along MTs. Cortical AFs Transiently Coalign with MTs The alignment between fragme ...
Intercourse Between Cell Wall and Cytoplasm Exemplified by
... long time. Treatment with active Yariv profoundly disrupts cell wall assembly in lily pollen tubes after 1 h (Roy et al., 1998) and in arabidopsis roots after 2 h (Nguema-Ona et al., 2007). Furthermore, treatment of lily pollen tubes and tobacco BY-2 cells with active Yariv causes, within minutes, a ...
... long time. Treatment with active Yariv profoundly disrupts cell wall assembly in lily pollen tubes after 1 h (Roy et al., 1998) and in arabidopsis roots after 2 h (Nguema-Ona et al., 2007). Furthermore, treatment of lily pollen tubes and tobacco BY-2 cells with active Yariv causes, within minutes, a ...
Taxonomy, biology and physiology of fungi
... B. reproduce by means of spores (conidia), usually wind-disseminated C. both sexual (meiotic) and asexual (mitotic) spores may be produced, depending on the species and conditions D. typically not motile, although a few (e.g. Chytrids) have a motile phase. E. like plants, may have a stable haploid & ...
... B. reproduce by means of spores (conidia), usually wind-disseminated C. both sexual (meiotic) and asexual (mitotic) spores may be produced, depending on the species and conditions D. typically not motile, although a few (e.g. Chytrids) have a motile phase. E. like plants, may have a stable haploid & ...
pdf, 1.5 MB - The Nebenführ Lab
... export sites to the Golgi and from the Golgi to the plasma membrane or vacuole. However, it is unclear whether this traffic is directed, as is the case in animal cells, or whether it occurs by passive diffusion or cytoplasmic streaming (Williamson, 1993). Cytoplasmic streaming is a process found in ...
... export sites to the Golgi and from the Golgi to the plasma membrane or vacuole. However, it is unclear whether this traffic is directed, as is the case in animal cells, or whether it occurs by passive diffusion or cytoplasmic streaming (Williamson, 1993). Cytoplasmic streaming is a process found in ...
Cell Structures and Functions
... Fifth Grade: Science: Cells: Structures and Processes (page 127) (this unit does not cover all of the content listed in this section) a. All living things are made up of cells. b. Structure of cells (both plant and animal). i. Cell membrane: selectively allows substances in and out ii. Nucleus: surr ...
... Fifth Grade: Science: Cells: Structures and Processes (page 127) (this unit does not cover all of the content listed in this section) a. All living things are made up of cells. b. Structure of cells (both plant and animal). i. Cell membrane: selectively allows substances in and out ii. Nucleus: surr ...
GNOM-LIKE1/ERMO1 and SEC24a/ERMO2 Are
... Supplemental Figures 2 and 3 online). In 10-d-old plants, a large fraction of the spherical bodies in cotyledon epidermal cells had disappeared (see Supplemental Figures 4A to 4P online). The spherical bodies were observed in young rosette leaves of these plants. However, in rosette leaves of 6-week ...
... Supplemental Figures 2 and 3 online). In 10-d-old plants, a large fraction of the spherical bodies in cotyledon epidermal cells had disappeared (see Supplemental Figures 4A to 4P online). The spherical bodies were observed in young rosette leaves of these plants. However, in rosette leaves of 6-week ...
Architectural remodeling of the tonoplast during fluid
... or resting stage, red beet hypocotyl storage cells contained predominantly one large central vacuole (Fig. 2A and B). However, after tissue incubation in 200 mM sucrose for 24 h, a series of vacuole-derived organelles become evident (Fig. 2C and D), a condition scarcely observed when betaine was use ...
... or resting stage, red beet hypocotyl storage cells contained predominantly one large central vacuole (Fig. 2A and B). However, after tissue incubation in 200 mM sucrose for 24 h, a series of vacuole-derived organelles become evident (Fig. 2C and D), a condition scarcely observed when betaine was use ...
mycorrhizae - TeacherWeb
... Mycorrhizae are not unusual and this plantfungus symbiosis might have been one of the evolutionary adaptations that made it possible for plants to colonize land in the first place. ...
... Mycorrhizae are not unusual and this plantfungus symbiosis might have been one of the evolutionary adaptations that made it possible for plants to colonize land in the first place. ...
how exercise builds muscle
... Skeletal muscle cells, also known as muscle fibers, are rather unusual in many respects, not least of which is that they have multiple nuclei. They are also comparatively huge, at approximately 50 microns in diameter and up to tens of centimeters long. Most of the cells’ cytoplasm (the gelatinous pa ...
... Skeletal muscle cells, also known as muscle fibers, are rather unusual in many respects, not least of which is that they have multiple nuclei. They are also comparatively huge, at approximately 50 microns in diameter and up to tens of centimeters long. Most of the cells’ cytoplasm (the gelatinous pa ...
An inside-out origin for the eukaryotic cell
... have a relatively well-developed cytoskeleton that includes homologs of actin and tubulin [51-53] and the membranemanipulating protein ESCRTIII [54-58]. Recent phylogenetic studies have tended to support the ‘eocyte hypothesis,’ which holds that eocytes are more closely related to eukaryotes than th ...
... have a relatively well-developed cytoskeleton that includes homologs of actin and tubulin [51-53] and the membranemanipulating protein ESCRTIII [54-58]. Recent phylogenetic studies have tended to support the ‘eocyte hypothesis,’ which holds that eocytes are more closely related to eukaryotes than th ...
Microinjection into plant cells of etiolated - Products
... after germination (Sinapis alba 4 dD, Lycopersicon esculentum 6 dD, Arabidopsis thaliana 4 dD). Germination of Arabidopsis seedlings was induced by 2 days of cold treatment (4°C) and subsequent irradiation with white light for 6 h. Prior to microinjection the seedlings were placed into a lid of a pe ...
... after germination (Sinapis alba 4 dD, Lycopersicon esculentum 6 dD, Arabidopsis thaliana 4 dD). Germination of Arabidopsis seedlings was induced by 2 days of cold treatment (4°C) and subsequent irradiation with white light for 6 h. Prior to microinjection the seedlings were placed into a lid of a pe ...
Live Cell Imaging Reveals Structural Associations
... between the actin and MT cytoskeletons in that alteration of actin assembly or turnover, as perturbed by jasplakinolide, was correlated with loss of MT organization, and stabilized AFs were found to align with and move along MTs. Cortical AFs Transiently Coalign with MTs The alignment between fragme ...
... between the actin and MT cytoskeletons in that alteration of actin assembly or turnover, as perturbed by jasplakinolide, was correlated with loss of MT organization, and stabilized AFs were found to align with and move along MTs. Cortical AFs Transiently Coalign with MTs The alignment between fragme ...
Skeletal muscle cells
... cells. The cells then assemble their contractile machinery in the cytoplasm. These come in the form of myofibrils, which have an alternate dark-light banding pattern when viewed from the side. The fact that the cell is chock-full of these myofibrils pushes the nuclei to the periphery of the cell. ...
... cells. The cells then assemble their contractile machinery in the cytoplasm. These come in the form of myofibrils, which have an alternate dark-light banding pattern when viewed from the side. The fact that the cell is chock-full of these myofibrils pushes the nuclei to the periphery of the cell. ...
Arabidopsis mutants in sphingolipid synthesis as tools to
... Imaging techniques that allow preservation of PD structure revealed a very complex and refined organization, but its molecular composition is difficult to dissect by biochemical approaches (Salmon and Bayer, 2013; Brunkard et al., 2013). However, PD are stable assemblies that can be found in cell wa ...
... Imaging techniques that allow preservation of PD structure revealed a very complex and refined organization, but its molecular composition is difficult to dissect by biochemical approaches (Salmon and Bayer, 2013; Brunkard et al., 2013). However, PD are stable assemblies that can be found in cell wa ...
Standard PDF - Wiley Online Library
... protein called EnvC, and there are two regulated autolysins, AmiA and AmiB (Yang et al., 2011). In both cases activation of the CW hydrolase(s) at the septum is needed to enable the separation of progeny cells after division, explaining at least in part the deleterious effects of inactivation of the ...
... protein called EnvC, and there are two regulated autolysins, AmiA and AmiB (Yang et al., 2011). In both cases activation of the CW hydrolase(s) at the septum is needed to enable the separation of progeny cells after division, explaining at least in part the deleterious effects of inactivation of the ...
A matter of size: developmental control of organ size in plants
... Studies carried out during the 19th century reported that, among the same type of organs from plant species of different size, larger organs tend to be composed of more cells rather than bigger cells [1]. This is true for the absolute size difference between Brassica and Arabidopsis petals, which ha ...
... Studies carried out during the 19th century reported that, among the same type of organs from plant species of different size, larger organs tend to be composed of more cells rather than bigger cells [1]. This is true for the absolute size difference between Brassica and Arabidopsis petals, which ha ...
Nonlysosomal Vesicles (Acidosomes) Are Involved
... (1) to follow the time course of the pH changes in phagosomes (2-5) and endosomes ( l, 4, 6-8) of various cells suggest that the pH of a vesicle or vacuole that derives from the cell surface often becomes acid before such an organelle fuses with lysosomes. Thus the mechanism for the initial acidific ...
... (1) to follow the time course of the pH changes in phagosomes (2-5) and endosomes ( l, 4, 6-8) of various cells suggest that the pH of a vesicle or vacuole that derives from the cell surface often becomes acid before such an organelle fuses with lysosomes. Thus the mechanism for the initial acidific ...
The Kip3-Like Kinesin KipB Moves along Microtubules and
... progression, an increased number of bent mitotic spindles, and a decrease in the depolymerization of cytoplasmic microtubules during interphase and mitosis. Meiosis and ascospore formation were not affected. Disruption of the kipB gene was synthetically lethal in combination with the temperature-sen ...
... progression, an increased number of bent mitotic spindles, and a decrease in the depolymerization of cytoplasmic microtubules during interphase and mitosis. Meiosis and ascospore formation were not affected. Disruption of the kipB gene was synthetically lethal in combination with the temperature-sen ...
topic #4: angiosperm anatomy and selected aspects
... of sap ascent will come more easily if you first reflect on how a plant is constructed. Individual cells, with few exceptions (e.g., mature guard cells) do not exist in isolation. Recall that cell connections, the plasmodesmata, exist. Thus, cell 1 is connected to cell 2, cell 2 to cell 3, and so fo ...
... of sap ascent will come more easily if you first reflect on how a plant is constructed. Individual cells, with few exceptions (e.g., mature guard cells) do not exist in isolation. Recall that cell connections, the plasmodesmata, exist. Thus, cell 1 is connected to cell 2, cell 2 to cell 3, and so fo ...
Phosphatidylcholine traffic to the vacuole
... found that short-chain fluorescent-labeled 1-myristoyl-2-[6-(7nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) aminocaproyl]-phosphatidylethanolamine (M-C6-NBD-PE) is taken up by yeast at normal growth temperature and labels predominantly the mitochondria and nuclear envelope/endoplasmic reticulum without being met ...
... found that short-chain fluorescent-labeled 1-myristoyl-2-[6-(7nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) aminocaproyl]-phosphatidylethanolamine (M-C6-NBD-PE) is taken up by yeast at normal growth temperature and labels predominantly the mitochondria and nuclear envelope/endoplasmic reticulum without being met ...
Document
... Animal cells and plant cells have features in common, such as a nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria and ribosomes. Plant and algal cells also have a cell wall, and often have chloroplasts and a permanent vacuole. Bacterial and yeast cells have different structures to animal and plant cel ...
... Animal cells and plant cells have features in common, such as a nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria and ribosomes. Plant and algal cells also have a cell wall, and often have chloroplasts and a permanent vacuole. Bacterial and yeast cells have different structures to animal and plant cel ...
Get PDF file - Botanik in Bonn
... did not aect the speci®c staining (not shown). These control experiments demonstrate the speci®city of the antibodies used in this study. In addition, the anti-PIP2 antibody has previously been shown to bind exclusively to PIP2 (Bubb et al. 1998). Elongating root hairs. In elongating cress root hai ...
... did not aect the speci®c staining (not shown). These control experiments demonstrate the speci®city of the antibodies used in this study. In addition, the anti-PIP2 antibody has previously been shown to bind exclusively to PIP2 (Bubb et al. 1998). Elongating root hairs. In elongating cress root hai ...
Plastid Ontogeny during Petal Development in Arabidopsis
... from proplastids in meristem cells, interconversion and redifferentiation of different plastid types can also occur (Marano et al., 1993). Since the Arabidopsis model system offers great potential for unraveling the genetic basis of developmental processes, we have embarked on a study analyzing a ma ...
... from proplastids in meristem cells, interconversion and redifferentiation of different plastid types can also occur (Marano et al., 1993). Since the Arabidopsis model system offers great potential for unraveling the genetic basis of developmental processes, we have embarked on a study analyzing a ma ...
Sorting drops and cells with acoustics: acoustic
... or sorting region that potentially causes false sorts. Dense packing of drops allows for the precise control of their flow rate by carefully tuning the sheath flow via the side channels. We select drops based on a preset fluorescence intensity threshold and acoustically direct them into the select c ...
... or sorting region that potentially causes false sorts. Dense packing of drops allows for the precise control of their flow rate by carefully tuning the sheath flow via the side channels. We select drops based on a preset fluorescence intensity threshold and acoustically direct them into the select c ...
Cytoplasmic streaming
Cytoplasmic streaming, also called protoplasmic streaming and cyclosis, is the directed flow of cytosol (the liquid component of the cytoplasm) and organelles around large fungal and plant cells through the mediation of actin. This movement aids in the delivery of organelles, nutrients, metabolites, genetic information, and other materials to all parts of the cell. Cytoplasmic streaming occurs along actin filaments in the cytoskeleton of the cell.Cytoplasmic streaming was first discovered in the 1830s. The scientific breakthrough assisted scientists in developing an understanding of the different roles of cells and how they function as the basic operating systems of life.This process occurs through the operation of motor proteins called myosins.These proteins use energy of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to act as a molecular motor, which slides along actin filaments. This works in a manner that tows the organelles and other cytoplasmic contents in the same direction. Myosin proteins consist of two conjoined proteins. If one protein remains attached to the substrate, the substance acted upon by the protein, such as a microfilament, has the ability to move organelles through the cytoplasm.The green alga genus Chara and other genera in the Division Charophyta, such as Coleochaete, are thought to be the closest relatives of land plants. These haploid organisms contain some of the largest plant cells on earth, a single cell of which can reach up to 10 cm in length. The large size of these cells demands an efficient means to distribute resources, which is enabled via cytoplasmic streaming.Cytoplasmic streaming is strongly dependent upon intracellular pH and temperature. It has been observed that the effect of temperature on cytoplasmic streaming created linear variance and dependence at different high temperatures in comparison to low temperatures. This process is complicated, with temperature alterations in the system increasing its efficiency, with other factors such as the transport of ions across the membrane being simultaneously affected. This is due to cells homeostasis depending upon active transport which may be affected at some critical temperatures.In plant cells, chloroplasts may be moved around with the stream, possibly to a position of optimum light absorption for photosynthesis. The rate of motion is usually affected by light exposure, temperature, and pH levels.In reference to pH, because actin and myosin are both proteins, strong dependence on pH is expected. The optimal pH at which cytoplasmic streaming is highest, is achieved at neutral pH and decreases at both low and high pH.The flow of cytoplasm may be stopped by:Adding Lugol's iodine solutionAdding Cytochalasin D (dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide)↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑